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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone marrow from CD18-/- (MAC-1-/-) homozygous deletion recombinant negative mice demonstrates increased longevity in long-term bone marrow culture and decreased contribution to irradiation pulmonary damage.

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow macrophage surface expression of CD18 (MAC-1, LFA1) is involved in cellular binding to V-CAM-1 and V-CAM-2 adhesion molecules expressed on endothelial cells. We sought to determine if this interaction affected the growth of marrow in long-term bone marrow cultures (LTBMCs) and macrophage migration to the irradiated lung in pulmonary fibrosis/organizing alveolitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Continuous bone marrow cultures from CD18-/- and CD18+/+ littermates were established. Bone marrow migration to the irradiated lung was quantitated in CD18+/+ or CD18-/- marrow chimeric mice. Anti-macrophage antibodies were administered to block monocyte/macrophage migration after lung irradiation. RESULTS: CD18-/- LTBMCs demonstrated significantly increased longevity (over 20 weeks) of production of multilineage hematopoietic progenitor cells, total non-adherent cells and macrophage progenitors compared to those derived from CD18+/+ littermates (10 weeks). C57BL/6J female mice chimeric for male CD18-/- bone marrow showed improved (50%) survival at 120 days after pulmonary radiation compared to female mice chimeric for male CD18+/+ bone marrow (0.0%). Intraperitoneal injections (daily for 15 days) of an anti-macrophage antibody on days 80-98 after 20 Gy total lung irradiation resulted in reduction of macrophage migration to the lungs and increased survival. CONCLUSION: The data demonstrate a complex role of CD18 (MAC-1) in macrophage progenitor and macrophage cellular interaction involving stromal cells of the bone marrow and lung.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The longevity of the tick Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Central Russia].

The longevity of the tick Ixodes ricinus has been studied on 27 samples from a wild population of the Moscow Region. Ticks were kept in small cages and glass tubes under conditions close to natural. About 2/3 of the specimens collected in spring survived till the next spring and later died out gradually during the second season of their activity. Very few specimens reached the beginning of the third winter in their life, but apparently none of them survived the end of the winter. The life span of males was the same as that of females. No mass activation of adult ticks was recorded in the autumn of the year of their molting. It seems that the rise of the autumnal density of adult ticks depends mainly on the increased activity of the females which molted from nymphs last year.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Effects of sublethal dosages of Abate upon adult fecundity and longevity of Aedes aegypti.

Sublethal concentrations of Abate (temephos) were applied to F2 generation Aedes aegypti larvae, and fecundity and longevity were recorded in the emerged adults. Females exposed to Abate oviposited only in the first 2 gonotrophic cycles, meanwhile control females laid a few eggs after taking the third blood meal. Dosages of 0.009, 0.013 and 0.015 mg/liter of Abate decreased the mean egg production per gonotrophic cycle 37, 47 and 69%, respectively, in relation to the control. Females that were exposed as larvae to Abate lived longer than the control females.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Longevity gains continue.

1990 was an excellent year for life expectancy. Average future lifetime for both infant boys and girls rose to all-time highs. However, the gender gap in expectation of life at birth widened for the first time in more than a decade. The increase may be a statistical aberration or, more likely, a reflection of the growing mortality toll from AIDS, especially among males. If so, then the outlook is for widening longevity gaps between the sexes. On the other hand, there was more good news, as the infant mortality rate decreased dramatically, falling to a record low. Also encouraging is the continued, if somewhat unsteady, long-term trend toward gradual narrowing of the white/non-white/black life expectancy differentials.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Centenarian--a contribution to longevity research].

During the last two decades an increase of research on centenarians can be observed. There are two aspects, which were analyzed mainly: 1. the problems of antecedents of extreme longevity and 2. the state of psycho-physical well-being of these very old persons. We analyzed some newer international studies on centenarians and discussed especially the findings of the "Würzburger Centenarian-Study" of Hans Franke and his staff. Aside from this a report is given on a biographical study on 40 centenarians from the Bonn-Cologne area under the special aspect of coping-styles. From these and other studies a high degree of interindividual variability can be concluded even in this very old-age group. There apparently is no age-limit for the maintenance of interindividual differences in aging as predicted by some authors. And there is no general age-limit for the maintenance of independence and social competence.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The relationship of diet to cancer, cardiovascular disease and longevity.

Diet is linked to the etiology of about 50% of all cancers, acting as a promoter, in the multi-step pathogenesis of cancer. Research indicates that a high-fat and low-fiber diet increases the risk for some cancers. The aim is to have people eat a low-fat diet of 25% or less of total daily calories and a high-fiber diet of 20-30 gm/daily. Research also indicates that a lack of host resistance increases the risk for cancer, acting as a promoter. Vitamins A, B6, C & E and the minerals selenium and zinc have proved to be safe and since they have shown some evidence of being able to restore or maintain immunocompetence they are recommended as dietary supplements. Exercise, a low-fat and high-fiber diet and avoiding obesity are not only important in reducing cancer incidence and thereby increasing longevity but they are also important in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease, i.e., strokes and coronary heart disease. Total cholesterol levels less than 200 mg/dl are desirable, those between 200-239 mg/dl place patients at borderline risk and those 240 mg/dl or higher place them at high risk. Of equal, or even greater importance are the levels of the "bad cholesterol" LDL that produces arteriosclerosis. Levels less than 130 mg/dl are desirable, those between 130-159 place patients at borderline risk and those over 160 mg/dl place them at high risk. The higher the levels are for the "good cholesterol' HDL, then the lower is the risk, with the norms being 30-75 mg/dl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of longevity-antihypertensive-mixture on essential hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy].

A study which enrolled 65 middle-aged and elderly essential hypertensive patients with Kidney-deficiency pattern was carried out to evaluate the effects of Longevity-Antihypertensive-Mixture (LAM). As LAM was composed of Kidney-tonifying herbs, all the subjects chosen fell into the pattern of Kidney-deficiency in TCM. The subjects were randomized into two groups: The LAM group had 34, and the control group taking Apocyhum Venetum L. Fluid (AVLF) 31. The duration of medication was 12 weeks. The main results were as follows: (1) At the end of week 4, the supine systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and mean blood pressure (MBP) in LAM group declined from 171 +/- 16 (mmHg, the same below), 101 +/- 6 and 127 +/- 7 to 153 +/- 12, 93 +/- 7 and 113 +/- 7 respectively. At the end of week 12, the supine SBP, DBP and MBP were 151 +/- 14, 93 +/- 6 and 112 +/- 8. There was significance of difference in the reduction of supine blood pressure compared with baseline (P less than 0.001). AVLF produced similar changes in the reduction of supine SBP, DBP and MBP. However, the magnitude of reduction in SBP and MBP was smaller than those with LAM (P less than 0.001). (2) There was no significance of difference in attaining goal blood pressure between LAM and AVLF groups (P greater than 0.05). At the end of week 4, 79.41% and 77.42% were achieved respectively; at 12, 79.41% and 80.65%. (3) LAM had stronger effect on relieving symptoms of essential hypertension and Kidney-deficiency than AVLF (P less than 0.05). (4) In LAM group the left ventricular mass index (VMI) decreased from 114.75 +/- 42.40 g/m2 to 100.39 +/- 36.08 g/m2 (P less than 0.001). The LVMI in AVLF group increased from 117.27 +/- 36.90 g/m2 to 117.68 +/- 38.37 g/m2 (P greater than 0.05). The results supported the therapeutic principle of TCM: Treating patients according to their pathophysiological patterns.

Cardiomegaly↗
PubMed1990

Induction of superoxide dismutase in leukocytes by paraquat: correlation with age and possible predictor of longevity.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are thought to play a role in the aging process as well as in a number of human diseases states. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that scavenges the superoxide anion (O2-) is constitutively expressed in leukocytes and other tissues. When assayed in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL), constitutive SOD activity shows little variation among individuals of different ages. We have found that significant induction of SOD activity occurs in PBL incubated in vitro with paraquat, an agent known to cause intracellular O2- production. This induction was found to be highly age dependent; lymphocytes from 36 healthy subjects aged 20 to 40 years showed an increase of 85% +/- 10%, versus an increase of only 8% +/- 1% for lymphocytes from 30 healthy subjects aged 65 to 79 years (P less than 10(-4)). Forty subjects, aged 67 to 73 years, who were healthy at the time of assay of leukocyte SOD induction were followed up 5 years later. Nineteen of these subjects had died; all 19 had shown SOD induction of less than 10% (range, 0% to 7%; mean, 2.4%). In contrast, of the 21 survivors (range, 2.5% to 50%; mean, 21%), 12 had shown SOD induction greater than 10%, and 7 had shown SOD induction greater than or equal to 35% (P less than 10(-3)). Thirteen of the 19 deaths were attributable to malignancy or cerebrocardiovascular disease. Preservation of leukocyte SOD inducibility appears to correlate with longevity in elderly individuals and may be of value in predicting resistance to malignancy or fetal cardiovascular events.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Evidence that revascularization by ventricular-internal mammary artery implants increases longevity. Twenty-four year, nine month follow-up.

Revascularization of the heart is a means of relieving symptoms of coronary artery disease--such as angina, fatigue, and dyspnea. The question of whether revascularization prolongs the life of the patient has been debated. My colleagues and I have reviewed our years of experience with patients treated by implantation of internal mammary arteries into the ventricles. We have compared our series with other groups of patients treated medically. Our conclusion is that revascularization via internal mammary artery implants does increase longevity.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Longevity in women.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on vital statistics and population-based samples document that women live longer than men. The sex mortality differential covers all ages and races in most developed nations. The magnitude of the sex mortality differential varies with age, being especially high at younger ages. The most important contributor to the difference in mortality between women and men is the major cause of death in men, i.e., cardiovascular diseases. The universality of the sex mortality differential in various geographical areas, the lower female infant mortality, and the possible hormonal-mediated relative protection of CHD in women all indicate that biological factors contribute to the lower mortality in women than in men. Secular changes in mortality of various diseases over short periods cannot be explained by innate endogenous alterations but instead have to be influenced by behavioral factors and other components of the environment. Longstanding biological differences between women and men might play a role in producing a relatively rapid emergence of sex mortality differential only by interaction with relatively new exogenous environmental factors. The vast majority of studies on the sex differential in mortality trends confirm the importance of smoking as a major contributor to the higher mortality in men than in women. Along this line, other behavioral factors also seem to influence longevity in women. With ongoing changes in society, especially increasing participation of women in the labor force, new components of the environmental setting will have to be assessed by comparable and identical instruments in different populations. Ongoing monitoring of trends in cardiovascular and noncommunicable diseases will provide valuable insight into the sex mortality differential and its determinants. Experimental studies on biological reactivity, sex endocrinology, and atherogenesis are also needed to help explain why women live longer than men.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chromosomes. Aging. Longevity].

Investigations dealing with the characteristics of chromosomal apparatus at late stages of ontogenesis are analyzed. Both structural and functional changes in the chromosomal apparatus are observed in ageing. Some papers indicate to the association of certain variants of chromosomal polymorphism with the longevity "phenomenon".

Aging↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medico-social and clinico-biochemical aspects of longevity in Siberia].

Over 90-year old inhabitants of districts of Novosibirsk were questioned in connection with sociological studies about their living habits. The authors consider the genetically determined system of monooxygenases for the elimination of foreign bodies (xenobiotics) to be important, but they are also involved in the synthesis of biologically active substances in the organism and thus by no means of minor importance to the phenomenon of longevity.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Social medicine aspects of increasing longevity and aging].

In all highly industrialized nations the survival curve shows a tendency towards "rectangulation", i.e. forming a plateau with a following decline in the elder ages. The life span remains unchanged as a specificity of the human genus. Morbidity in old age shows the same tendency to rectangulation. The majority of old people today are far more vital and healthy than in the past. Increasing longevity, persisting vitality in old age, in connection with acceleration and postponement of the menopause, is a cultural process of a comprehensive nature and shows the historicity of the human body.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Body weight and longevity. A reassessment.

Conflicting results have been reported concerning the association between body weight and longevity. The shape of the curve relating weight to all-cause mortality has been variously described as linear, J-shaped, and even U-shaped. To assess the validity of the evidence for optimal weight recommendations, we examined the 25 major prospective studies on the subject. Each study had at least one of three major biases: failure to control for cigarette smoking, inappropriate control of biologic effects of obesity, such as hypertension and hyperglycemia, and failure to control for weight loss due to subclinical disease. The presence of these biases leads to a systematic underestimate of the impact of obesity on premature mortality. Although these biases preclude a valid assessment of optimal weight from existing data, available evidence suggests that minimum mortality occurs at relative weights at least 10% below the US average.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1979

The effect of personal health care services on longevity in an economically advanced population.

This article is an attempt to assess the effect of personal health care on longevity. It is assumed throughout that personal health care has a differential impact on the various causes of death. Historical and cross-sectional comparisons of the relative incidence of certain causes of death can, under this assumption, provide some insight into the effectiveness of personal health care generally and may provide a gauge of the relative benefits of different personal health care delivery systems. Using the U.S. male population of 1964 as a reference point, it is estimated that the withdrawal of personal health services would result at the most in a decrease in average length of life from 66.9 to 60.5 years.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1979

Growth, reproductive productivity and longevity of mice fed polyunsaturated ruminant-derived foodstuffs.

The effects on the well-being of mice of feeding linoleic acid-enriched foodstuffs derived from ruminants receiving protected polyunsaturated oil were determined. Growth, reproductive productivity and longevity were compared in mice fed freeze-dried human diets containing either these products or the corresponding conventional ruminant-derived foods. A laboratory mouse pellet diet was used as a standard for the comparison. Growth rates and life spans were found to be similar in all three groups. Although the reproductive productivity of the mice on the polyunsaturated diet was never significantly different from that of mice on the conventional human diet, productivities of both groups on human diets were usually significantly below those of mice eating pellets. By the third generation of the second reproduction study, productivities of both these groups of mice had returned to the same level as those of mice eating pellets. Possible reasons for the depression in reproductive productivity in mice on the human diets are discussed. It was concluded that the polyunsaturated human diet neither impaired nor improved the lives of the animals eating the diet relative to the lives of animals eating the conventional human diet.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1977

Longevity and causes of death of athletes.

Since Morgan, many research workers have attempted to answer the question whether intensive training and athletic competition can alter life span. A review of the literature yields few clear conclusions. The difficulty seems that the human life span is affected by a multiplicity of factors including physical characteristics (sex, age and body type), lifestyle (factors such as habitual activity, smoking and drinking habits and diet), environmental variables (air and water quality, exposure to sunlight, noise etc.), physiological factors, personality and inheritance. Relative to these confounding factors, athletic competition usually occupies too short a portion of the life span to have a significant effect on longevity. The important question may well be not the kind of sport pursued or the intensity of the required training, but whether the activity is continued to an advanced age.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

The importance of dietary amino acids on the reproduction and longevity of adult Dacus oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera Tephritidae).

When the amino-acid mixture of an effective chemically defined diet was replaced by single amino acids, keeping the total nitrogen at the same level, the egg production of Dacus oleae was minimal with all the 19 amino acids tested. Male survival was adversely affected by the amino acids : alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, hydroxyproline, lysine, serine and tyrosine, while female survival was shortened when the amino acids : glycine, hydroxyproline and lysine were added. The creation of amino-acid imbalances, by deleting the 19 amino acids individually, from the complete amino-acid mixture, showed that the amino acids : arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, tryptophane and valine were indispensable to the adult Dacus oleae flies, as far as egg production is concerned. Survival of the male flies was significantly shortened when the amino acids : alanine, hydroxyproline and tryptophane were omitted. Significant differences in longevity between males and females were scored, when the amino acids : alanine, aspartic acid, cystine, glycine and tryptophane, were omitted.

Amino Acids↗