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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Early craniofacial signs of cleidocranial dysplasia.

OBJECTIVES: Early diagnosis of CCD is essential for a timely introduction of the appropriate treatment approach. Since certain symptoms first fully manifest only during the pubertal growth spurt, their indicatory signs are often overlooked. The aim of this study is to describe the initial craniofacial findings in patients with CCD in order to categorise their reliability for early detection. METHOD: 14 patients with CCD between the ages of 6 and 11 years who were referred to the University of Regensburg over a 4-year period were included in this study. The patients were examined clinically and radiologically and their dental status was determined. Typical signs of CCD were analysed according to such classic criteria as the 'quatermoon'-physiognomy described in the literature. The clinical findings were compared to medical data and case history. RESULTS: Early signs were registered for each patient. While some signs could be found in all patients, others were variably expressed. The typical extraoral symptoms were only rarely exhibited in our patient population. CONCLUSION: As various indicators of CCD are age related, their expression should be taken into account for early diagnosis. Apparent signs only manifest during the growth spurt when the ideal timeframe for beginning treatment has already past. The symptoms described should serve as early markers to aid the general and paediatric dentist in planning appropriate treatment or referring patients to specialised centres.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1992

Relationship between oral gram-negative anaerobic bacteria in saliva of the mother and the colonization of her edentulous infant.

Various gram-negative anaerobic bacterial species can be detected in the oral flora of edentulous infants. However, knowledge of the initial infection source is still scarce. Thirty Caucasian mothers (mean age 30 years) and their edentulous infants (mean age 3 months) were examined for the possible similarity of the oral gram-negative anaerobic flora. Paraffin-stimulated saliva was collected from the mothers. A pooled swab sample from mucosal surfaces and unstimulated saliva were collected from the infants. The samples were inoculated on nonselective and selective media and cultured aerobically and anaerobically. All of the 30 mothers harbored Fusobacterium nucleatum and 29 mothers Prevotella melaninogenica in their saliva. The salivary levels of P. melaninogenica, F. nucleatum, nonpigmented Prevotella spp., Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella loescheii exceeded 10(4) CFU/ml in about half of the 30 mothers. At this maternal salivary level, the infants' colonization frequency of P. melaninogenica and F. nucleatum was doubled. A positive correlation between maternal salivary concentration and infant's colonization was found for P. melaninogenica. No positive association was found with nonpigmented Prevotella spp., P. intermedia and P. loescheii. It can be speculated that maternal saliva may act as a source of some gram-negative anaerobes in the oral microflora of edentulous infants as early as before tooth eruption.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Implants in children with ectodermal dysplasia: a case report and literature review.

The replacement of teeth by implants is usually restricted to patients with completed craniofacial growth. Implant insertions in children or adolescents are circumvented due to several unfavorable potential effects including trauma to tooth germs, tooth eruption disorders and multidimensional restrictions of skeletal craniofacial growth. Moreover, the functional and esthetic results of the oral rehabilitation are only temporary acceptable. However, to a small number of pediatric patients suffering congenitally from severe hypodontia caused by syndromes such as ectodermal dysplasia, conventional prosthodontic rehabilitations are insufficient. We report the case of a boy with ectodermal dysplasia who exhibited a severe hypodontia and who was treated with implants inserted into the anterior mandible at the age of 8 years. The implants were functionally loaded and resulted in a high patient satisfaction. We recommend the early insertion of dental implants in children with severe hypodontia. Reviewing the current literature, several aspects of syndromic hypodontia, patient selection and implant planning are discussed.

Anodontia↗
PubMed1991

Periodontal tissue reactions to orthodontic extrusion. An experimental study in the dog.

Orthodontic tooth extrusion is used at crown lengthening procedures or in conjunction with periodontal therapy aimed at eliminating or reducing angular bone defects. A technique for orthodontic extrusion combined with resection of the supracrestal attachment fibers (fiberotomy) was recently proposed as an adjunct to certain restorative procedures. The aim of the present investigation was to analyze reactions of the periodontal tissues to orthodontic extrusion when combined with fiberotomy. In 5 beagle dogs, the mesial roots of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th hemisected mandibular premolar were used as target roots while the distal roots served as reference units. After a baseline examination, an orthodontic extrusion device (stent) was installed and reactivated at 2-week intervals during an 8-week period of active tooth movement. Immediately following the installation of the stent and once every 2nd week, the target roots were exposed to fiberotomy. After the active period, the teeth were retained in their new position for a period of 8 weeks. Clinical, radiographical and histological measurements were performed. The results from the investigation demonstrated that orthodontic extrusion combined with supracrestal fiberotomy resulted in a coronal displacement of the tooth and was associated with pronounced recession of the gingival margin and extensive loss of connective tissue attachment. The degree of gingival recession and the amount of loss of connective tissue attachment were, however, less extensive than the amount of tooth extrusion. Thus, repeated fiberotomy obviously failed to entirely prevent coronal migration of the attachment apparatus. It was also observed that undesired attachment loss had occurred at the reference roots.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Changes of facial gingival dimensions in children. A 2-year longitudinal study.

Facial gingival surfaces of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth were monitored to evaluate changes of the width of the keratinized and attached gingiva. 96 children 6 to 12 years of age were examined 2 x with an interval of 2 years. Measurements included dental plaque, gingival inflammation, probing depth, and width of keratinized and attached gingiva. In addition, study models were used to determine the facial/lingual position of the teeth. The results of this report, evaluating well-aligned teeth only, showed that during the 2-year observation period, increases in widths of the facial keratinized and attached gingiva took place. Increases occurred for the various teeth regions examined, and for deciduous as well as permanent teeth. During transition from the deciduous to the permanent dentition, patterns of change were variable. The increase of gingival widths was greatest for sites with the smallest baseline width of attached gingiva, and smallest for sites with the greatest baseline width. It was concluded that in well-aligned teeth, a conservative, monitoring approach prior to a corrective, surgical intervention seems prudent in children of this age with a minimal zone or absence of attached gingiva.

Child↗
PubMed1996

Effect of non-erupted 3rd molars on distal roots and supporting structures of approximal teeth. A radiographic survey of 202 cases.

Root resorption of 2nd molars in proximity to non-erupted 3rd molars has been widely reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of root resorption in second molars adjacent to non-erupted third molars. Its association to age and gender of the patient, location and inclination of the non-erupted third molar and to distal bone support of the 2nd molars was analyzed. A radiographic survey of 202 periapical radiographs taken in patients with clinically missing third molars was conducted. 3 examiners independently evaluated the radiographs and only those cases where at least 2 observers agreed were included in this report. Statistical analysis was performed on 186 radiographs. Associations were analyzed with the Pearson chi 2 test. Radiographic evidence of root resorption was found in 45 2nd molars (24.2%) of which 12 (6.5%) showed moderate to complete root resorption. Non-erupted tooth apical position and mesio-inclination of 60 degrees or more relative to the distal root of the second molar were significantly associated with root resorption (p = 0.01368 and p = 0.0194, respectively). Resorption was positively associated with age of patient (p = 0.00606). These results may support early extraction of impacted 3rd molars especially in cases with a mesio-angulation of 60 degrees or more and an apical location in proximity to the distal root of the 2nd molar.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Emergence of primary teeth and onset of dental stages in Icelandic children.

This study was undertaken to elucidate the mean ages at emergence of primary teeth and at the onset of dental stages DS 01 and DS 02 in Icelandic children. The material comprised 927 children (498 boys and 429 girls) aged 0-83 months who were presented for regular examinations in two Health Centers and children in three kindergartens in Reykjavík. Comparison of the mean ages at emergence of primary teeth in Icelandic, Finnish, Swedish, US, and Hungarian children disclosed a significantly earlier emergence in the Icelandic children, except that in Finnish children it was similar.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Submerging primary molars in Israeli rural children.

Dental study casts of 1530 Israeli rural children aged 3-13 years, evenly represented by the sexes, were examined for submersion of their primary molars, 24.8% of the children had one or more of these teeth affected. Out of 8250 teeth at risk, 8.81% were submerged to various degrees. Over 50% of them were primary mandibular first molars, close to 26% were primary mandibular second molars. The number of affected teeth rose with age in both sexes. Sex differences were significant only at 5-7 years, when girls were more frequently affected. Children with one or two affected teeth predominated. The submerged teeth were predominantly located in one or in both quadrants of the same arch. The degree of submersion became more severe with age.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Emergence of permanent teeth and onset of dental stages in Japanese children.

The purpose of the present cross-sectional study was to provide mean times of emergence of permanent teeth and onset of dental stages in Japanese children. A total of 1819 schoolchildren aged 6-15 yr were recorded. The results demonstrated specific sequences of emergence in the two arches and earlier emergence times in girls than in boys, both findings in keeping with investigations on other ethnic groups. Secular trend in tooth emergence was studied by comparing the results with data on Japanese children in 1934. The comparison revealed earlier mean times of emergence in general in contemporary Japanese.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Diabetes mellitus and associated oral manifestations: a review.

Oral research concerning diabetes mellitus has revealed a number of clinical implications. These include, among others, the need for more intense management of the diabetic patient with periodontal disease because tissue destruction may be accelerated, the need for rapid control of oral infection in these patients in order to prevent exacerbation of the existing metabolic imbalance, and the desirability of performing a screening for diabetes mellitus on all patients exhibiting asymptomatic parotid enlargement. Despite the explosion of knowledge concerning diabetes mellitus that has occurred since the discovery of insulin, its definitive etiology continues to elude the scientific community and its treatment remains in the realm of clinical management rather than in that of prevention and cure. In the past, research on diabetes has focused on the role of insulin in seeking the fundamental etiology of diabetes and its complications. With the progression of research, it has become apparent that the initiation and progression of the disease probably involve the interplay of a multiplicity of factors. Hereditary and immunologic factors, as suggested earlier, appear to be operated on by environmental factors, subsequently altering the body's metabolic milieu with widespread primary and secondary effects. Fertile areas for future oral research in diabetes mellitus will include, therefore, genetics, immunology, enzymology, and basement membrane pathology. On the cellular and molecular levels, particularly, the oral cavity and associated structures comprise a somewhat under-investigated area in diabetes mellitus research and, thus, hold great promise for increasing our knowledge of this complex disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Orofacial manifestations in primary immunodeficiencies: polymorphonuclear leukocyte defects.

The orofacial manifestations of 17 children with primary defects of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function are reported. Oral disease was commonly found and included recurrent oral ulceration (35% of patient group), oral candidiasis (29%), recurrent herpes labialis (12%), enamel hypoplasia (18%) and delayed tooth eruption (12%). Only 3 children had no orofacial disease. Cervical lymph node enlargement was present in 41% of the children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Dentinogenesis imperfecta associated with short stature, hearing loss and mental retardation: a new syndrome with autosomal recessive inheritance?

The follow-up history and oral findings in two brothers from consanguineous parents suggest that the association of dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI), delayed tooth eruption, mild mental retardation, proportionate short stature, sensorineural hearing loss and dysmorphic facies may represent a new syndrome with autosomal recessive inheritance. Histological examination of the dentin matrix of a permanent molar from one of the siblings reveals morphological similarities with defective dentinogenesis as presenting in patients affected with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), a condition caused by deficiency of type I collagen. A number of radiographic and histological characteristics, however, are inconsistent with classical features of DI. These findings suggest that DI may imply greater genetical heterogeneity than currently assumed.

Body Height↗
PubMed1975

Microscopic features of the lateral periodontal cyst.

The lateral periodontal cyst is of developmental odontogenic origin and must be differentiated from the gingival cyst of adults, a primordial cyst in a lateral periodontal position, and a cyst of inflammatory origin. This paper is based on a histologic study of five cases. Four were in the mandibular premolar region and one in the lateral incisor-canine region of the maxilla. The cysts are lined by a thin non-keratinized epithelium which resembles the reduced enamel epithelium. Many of them arecharacterized by the presence of localized plaque-like thickenings of their epithelial linings, consisting of fusiform or large swollen, edematous cells. These epithelial thickenings appear to result from a localized proiferation of basal cells. The lateral periodontal cyst may arise initially as a dentigerous cyst which develops by expansion of the follicle along the lateral surface of the crown and comes to lie on the lateral aspect of the root if tooth eruption is normal. Alternatively, it may arise from the cell rests of Malassez.

Epithelial Cells↗
PubMed2005

Multivariate survival analysis for the identification of factors associated with cavity formation in permanent first molars.

This investigation used a multivariate survival model, which allowed for dependent caries data with possible censoring, to analyse the impact of timing of tooth emergence, gender and several reported oral hygiene and dietary habits on the incidence of cavity formation in permanent first molars (PFM) in young children. A 6-yr prospective oral health screening project in Flanders, Belgium, provided clinical and questionnaire data on 4,468 children. The results revealed that PFM in children who reported frequent brushing, who had no visible caries experience in the primary dentition, and who presented without occlusal plaque on the PFM had the best survival estimates. Girls had a higher incidence than boys of cavity formation in mandibular molars. The multiple survival analysis confirmed the major impact of the caries status of the deciduous dentition and self-reported oral hygiene habits on the incidence of cavities in permanent first molars.

Belgium↗