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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Augmentation of alcohol consumption by caffeine in malnourished rats.

The alcohol consumption of malnourished rats increased substantially when caffeine, but not isohedonic quinine, was added to their available fluids. The effect was not observed in rats receiving an adequate diet. Conversely, food restriction raised alcohol consumption substantially in adequately fed but not in malnourished rats.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2000

[Contribution of human genetics to the understanding of sensory systems].

As in the other animal species, human senses are adapted to their environment. The energy of photonic, mechanical, thermic or chemical, stimulus is perceived by sensory cells, either dispersed or packed in a sensory end organ. Fifteen years ago, our knowledge of the molecular bases of the function of the various modes of sensory perception was rudimentary with the noticeable exception of that of the phototransduction cascade. Since then, several causative genes for human sensory defects have been isolated. We will examine the outcome of this research in fundamental and medical terms, and bring up the vast yet unexplored fields of the sensory perception. Human genetics should contribute to enlighten the molecular aspects of the latter.

Genetics, Medical↗
PubMed1992

Visual, somatosensory, olfactory, and gustatory hallucinations.

Hallucinations that involve any of the sensory modalities may accompany a number of functional and organic conditions. Although characteristics of the hallucinations are not specific, they are characteristic and suggestive of specific disorders. Appropriate evaluation and treatment require consideration of the past psychiatric, neurologic, and medical history; assessment of accompanying psychiatric and neurologic signs and symptoms; and degree of response to conventional therapy. Any patient with hallucinations of recent onset or presenting a significant change in the nature of prior hallucinations, particularly when the patient does not respond to conventional therapy, deserves an evaluation to rule out treatable organic factors.

Female↗
PubMed2006

Neglect and extinction: within and between sensory modalities.

PURPOSE: The interest in human conscious awareness has increasingly propelled the study of neglect, the most striking occurrence of an acquired lack of conscious experience of space. Neglect syndromes commonly arise after unilateral brain damage that spares primary sensory areas nonetheless leading to a lack of conscious stimulus perception. Because of the central role of vision in our everyday life and motor behaviour, most research on neglect has been carried out in the visual domain. Here, we suggest that a comprehensive perspective on neglect should examine in parallel evidence from all sensory modalities. METHODS: We critically reviewed relevant literature on neglect within and between sensory modalities. RESULTS: A number of studies have investigated manifestations of neglect in the tactile and auditory modalities, as well as in the chemical senses, supporting the idea that neglect can arise in various sensory modalities, either separately or concurrently. Moreover, studies on extinction (i.e., failure to report the contralesional stimulus only when this is delivered together with a concurrent one in the ipsilesional side), a deficit to some extent related to neglect, showed strong interactions between sensory modality for the conscious perception of stimuli and representation of space. CONCLUSIONS: Examining neglect and extinction by taking into account evidence from all sensory modalities in parallel can provide deeper comprehension of the neglect syndrome mechanisms and possibly more effective multi-sensory based rehabilitation approaches.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Primary adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison's disease).

In the United States the etiology of most cases of adrenal gland atrophy or destruction is unknown. Autoimmune processes may be responsible. With rare exceptions, all three zones of the adrenal cortex are destroyed and there is reduced glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid and androgen secretion. Although the deficiency of glucocorticoid is probably the most severe threat to life, treatment is available to correct all the deficiencies. Patient education and preparedness can prevent serious complications.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1990

[Rhinolaryngological functional diagnosis in exposure to irritants].

2,601 workers with exposure to irritant noxae received a standard occupational rhinolaryngeal check up supplemented with higher specialized methods. The measurements of mucociliary clearance, the screening--olfacto-/gustometry, the cytological investigations of the nasal mucous membranes with the smear technique, and the sonography of paranasal sinuses, too, were qualified for occupational practice. The significance of leading symptoms and the unity of upper and lower respiratory tract are to emphasize.

Environmental Exposure↗