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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Computed tomography of the thorax in HIV disease.

A wide variety of thoracic disorders can arise in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), although recent developments in the therapeutic management of AIDS patients has resulted in a changing pattern of chest disease. The use of CT in the diagnosis and management of these thoracic manifestations is discussed along with the CT appearances of the various infectious and non-infectious complications of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) which are commonly encountered in clinical practice.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2001

CT and MRI findings of mucin-containing tumors and pseudotumors of the thorax: pictorial review.

Bronchial mucus has tomodensitometric features and MR signal intensity similar to that of water. However, chronic entrapped mucus collections, due to water reabsorption and higher protein content, can have CT attenuation values higher than 20 and reaching even 130 HU. Higher protein concentration also causes a sensible reduction in T1 relaxation time. The demonstration of mucus within a mediastinal, bronchial or pulmonary lesion is an important diagnostic clue permitting remarkable shortening of the list of differential diagnoses. This article illustrates the CT and MR findings allowing correct characterization of the mucus-containing lesions of mediastinum, bronchi, and lung.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗
PubMed2006

Thorax ultrasound in the management of pediatric pneumonias complicated with empyema.

The aim of this work is to prospectively study the value of thoracic ultrasound (US) before pleural drainage in children with parapneumonic effusion (PPE). All children hospitalized for PPE, identified by thoracic radiography, underwent US to assess pleural loculation, echogenicity, and pleural fluid quantity. From August 2001 to July 2003, 52 children were examined. US was performed on 48 of these children, of whom 35 received chest tube drainage and 13 only received clinical treatment. US identified 38 patients with free flowing and 10 with loculated pleural fluid. About 25 of the free flowing (65.8%) and 10 (100%) of the loculated patients received chest tube drainage. Echogenicity was anechoic in 13, echoic without septations in 17 and echoic with septations in 18. Chest tube drainage was required in 6 anechoic (46.15%), 14 echoic without septations (82.35%), and 15 echoic with septations (83.33%). Quantity of fluid estimated by US varied from 20 to 860 ml. Effusion volume was higher in patients that were echoic with septations and loculated effusions. Pleural glucose and pH were lower, and LDH was higher in loculated PPE patients. In conclusion, US is an auxiliary exam for determining whether thoracic drainage is needed in parapneumonic effusion; loculated or echoic effusion should be drained, and free anechoic fluid needs further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Resection of sternal tumors and reconstruction of the thorax: a review of 15 patients.

PURPOSE: We report our experience of resecting sternal tumors, followed by reconstruction of the skeletal and soft-tissue defects, and discuss the usefulness of sandwiched Marlex and stainless-steel mesh. METHODS: Fifteen patients underwent resection of a sternal tumor and chest wall reconstruction with autologous bone grafts, sandwiched Marlex and stainless-steel mesh or a titanium plate, and musculocutaneous flaps. The sternal tumors were from locally recurrent breast carcinoma in ten patients, metastasis from other organs in three, and primary chondrosarcoma in two. RESULTS: All patients were extubated without paradoxical respiration just after surgery. There was no operative mortality. A wound infection developed in the acute phase after a sandwiched Marlex and stainless-steel mesh reconstruction in one patient. A second repair with Marlex and stainless-steel mesh was required in two patients; for flail chest after an autologous bone graft in one; and following re-recurrence of breast carcinoma in another patient who had undergone a musculocutaneous flap repair. No signs of breakdown, dislodgment, severe depression, or deformity were seen in any of the six patients who underwent reconstruction with Marlex and stainless-steel mesh during a median follow-up period of 56 months. CONCLUSIONS: Wide resection of sternal tumors provides good local control. Reconstruction with Marlex and stainless-steel mesh seems to be the most effective technique for repairing a wide anterior chest wall defect.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Silicone thorax: a complication of tube thoracostomy in the presence of mammary implants.

Rupture of silicone breast implants is usually either iatrogenic or due to trauma. We present a case of blunt chest wall trauma in a patient with bilateral breast implants. Emergency chest tube thoracostomy resulted in rupture of one of the prostheses and caused subsequent migration of silicone into the chest cavity, where it led to empyema. The patient ultimately required a thoracotomy to evacuate the silicone and decorticate the lung. Review of the literature and methods to avoid this complication are described.

Breast Implants↗
PubMed1996

Resection of pulmonary nodules using video-assisted thoracic surgery. The Thorax Group.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the experience with video-assisted thoracic surgery for the resection of pulmonary nodules. METHODS: This voluntary registry (20 centers) included 388 patients with either benign (n = 171) or malignant (n = 217) pulmonary nodules. Pulmonary nodules were located using computed tomography scan-guided injection of methylene blue (59 patients) and hook wire technique (17 patients). RESULTS: Video-assisted thoracic surgery was converted into thoracotomy in 67 patients (17%) because of technical-emergency in 4, inability to complete resection in 33, and the need to perform lobectomy for cancer through thoracotomy in 30. In other patients, video-assisted thoracic surgery allowed wedge resection in 300 cases and lobectomy in 21 cases. No intraoperative and two postoperative deaths (0.56%) occurred. The complication rate was 8% (n = 31). Mean durations of chest tube placement and hospital stay were 3.3 days (range, 1 to 20 days) and 6 days (range, 1 to 25 days), respectively. Video-assisted thoracic surgery was judged by the surgeon to be a diagnostic procedure 226 times (58%) and a therapeutic procedure 162 times (42%). CONCLUSION: Video-assisted thoracic surgery appears to be safe and remains mainly a diagnostic procedure for malignant tumors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Diagnosis of anemia on computed tomography scans of the thorax.

Scans of 14 patients with hemoglobin levels of 7.6 to 10.2 grams/deciliter (gm/dL) were positive for the diagnosis of anemia. All demonstrated the interventricular septum and ascending and descending aortic walls. Scans of 23 patients with hemoglobin levels of 10.5 to 12.8 gm/dL were positive for the diagnosis of anemia in 11 and negative in 12. The ascending and descending aortic walls were seen 39% and 48% of the time, respectively. Scans of 13 patients with hemoglobin levels of 12.9 to 16.0 gm/dL were negative for the diagnosis of anemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Estimate of the excessive spinal cord dose in AP-PA thorax treatment.

By providing quick reference graphs, we have attempted to answer the question "Does this patient need a compensating filter to keep the spinal cord dose within a certain limit?" Such graphs were obtained using several parameters that influence compensating filtration when treating the mediastinum with (anterior-posterior) parallel opposed fields. For typical 5 and 10% excess spinal cord doses above the tumor dose, the reference graphs were designed to provide quick answers for patients with the following measured parameters: (1) patient thickness at the beam axis, (2) difference in source-to-skin distances, (3) air gap between the posterior skin and the couch top, and (4) posterior spinal cord depth. 4, 10, and 18 MV photon beams were used to illustrate the results.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Gated acquisition of MR images of the thorax: advantages for the study of the hila and mediastinum.

Gated and nongated magnetic resonance (MR) scans of the chest were compared in five normal volunteers and 20 patients with chest disease to determine possible advantages of gated MR for delineation of noncardiac mediastinal anatomy. In order to compare gated and nongated images of the chest using similar imaging parameters, five spin-echo sequences were obtained in each of five normal volunteers: TR: 1000 msec, TE: 30 msec; gated to every heart beat (TR approximately 1000 msec, TE: 30 msec); TR: 2000 msec, TE: 30 msec; gated to every other heart beat (TR approximately 2000 msec), TE: 30 msec; TR: 500 msec, TE: 30 msec. In the 20 patients, the gated images were gated to every heart beat and the nongated images were obtained using a TR of 2000 msec, both with a TE of 30 msec. The noise in the periphery and in the center of the gated and nongated images at the level of the carina was compared in the five normal volunteers, using the signal intensity of the posterior chest wall as a control. There was 92% +/- 44% greater noise in the central region and 63% +/- 60% greater noise in the peripheral region on the nongated studies (TR: 1000 msec), than on the studies gated to every heart beat. In three of the five volunteers, the measured noise was greater on the nongated long TR (2000 msec) images than on the images gated to every other heart beat. However, the mediastinal structures below the level of the aortic arch were much better defined on the gated images in all five subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Magnetic resonance findings in sarcoidosis of the thorax.

Fifteen patients with sarcoidosis underwent thoracic MRI examinations. The T2 signal intensity of lymphadenopathy varied, with no characteristic pattern noted. Three of four patients with bright lymph nodes on T2 images had stage I sarcoidosis, but low intensity nodes were also seen in stage I patients. Coronal images were complementary to axial images and better depicted subcarinal adenopathy. MRI does not distinguish the lymphadenopathy of sarcoidosis from other entities, but is useful for defining the anatomic extent of disease and differentiating pulmonary artery enlargement from adenopathy.

Adult↗