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Patterns of rates of mortality from narcotics and cocaine overdose in Texas, 1976-87.

Drug overdose mortality data for narcotics and cocaine for Texas for 1976-87 reveal a cyclic pattern of narcotics mortality falling from 0.92 per 100,000 population in 1976 to a low of 0.13 in 1979, and rising to 0.62 in 1986. The data also show a sharp increase in cocaine mortality from 0.07 per 100,000 in 1983 to 0.38 in 1987. The data indicate that men consistently are at higher risk than women for overdose from both categories of drugs. Hispanics in the El Paso and San Antonio areas were found to have much higher risk of mortality from narcotics than expected, while blacks in the Houston and Dallas areas were at higher risk of cocaine mortality. The evidence suggests that narcotics and cocaine mortality is highest among the blue collar categories of the work force. The cyclical pattern of drug overdose mortality suggests the need for more examination of the historical interplay of public policies and social factors against the magnitude of the drug problems. The differences in mortality patterns by sex, ethnicity, and location indicate the need to develop policies and programs that address the unique characteristics of different at-risk populations.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Dental care for cancer patients: a survey of Texas dental school graduates.

A survey of recent Texas dental school graduates regarding their preparedness for addressing the oral health care needs of cancer patients in their practices suggests several trends. Many graduates (26%) do not feel adequately prepared to manage and provide oral care for cancer patients. Over 95% of the dentists surveyed expressed interest in locally sponsored continuing education courses on the oral health care of cancer patients. Clearly, both predoctoral and postdoctoral dental education must recognize the need for formalized instruction on the oral cre of cancer patients if general dentists are to provide high-quality, comprehensive dental care for these patients.

Dental Care for Persons with Disabilities↗
PubMed1990

Roles for Texas physicians in the implementation of Education of Handicapped Act Amendments.

As a result of Public Law 99-457, there are increasing state efforts to provide special education services to handicapped students ages 3 and older, and to develop early intervention for those from birth to age 3 years. Physicians can make significant contributions to these efforts. This paper presents information about PL99-457 and discusses the potential roles for Texas physicians in the implementation of the law and in meeting the needs of developmentally at-risk infants, young children, and their families. Roles are described in the areas of clinical care, research, graduate and continuing education, and policy development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Texas physicians fare poorly with geographic practice cost index.

Big changes in the way Medicare pays physicians are coming, thanks to the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1989 (OBRA). TMA is monitoring and participating in the plans for those changes. Beginning in 1992, a new fee schedule-based payment system will be phased in over the following 5 years. The Medicare Fee Schedule will be based on three components: the Resource Based Relative Value Scale (RBRVS), a conversion factor, and a geographic adjustment factor, known as the geographic practice cost index (GPCI). In this special section on GPCIs, three experts discuss the effect the GPCIs may have on Texas physicians.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1990

Isolation of Leishmania mexicana from Neotoma micropus collected in Texas.

A female Neotoma micropus infected with Leishmania was collected in Zavala County, Texas, on 15 January 1990. The infection was limited to lesions at the bases of the ears, and the parasite grew readily in Schneider's Drosophila medium supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum. Isozyme analysis determined the parasite to be Leishmania mexicana.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

West Texas teenagers and AIDS: a survey of their knowledge, attitudes, behavioral changes, and information sources.

We conducted this study to determine the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and sources of AIDS information among teenagers in West Texas. We also examined differences by gender, ethnicity, and rural/urban status. Results were divided into the following categories: general knowledge of AIDS, AIDS-related attitudes, behavior changes caused by AIDS, and AIDS information sources. The 289 ninth-grade students revealed a greater knowledge of AIDS than had been shown in studies in other states. However, there were group differences with Anglo students exhibiting greater knowledge of AIDS. There were also some differences between rural and urban students, with urban students scoring higher on knowledge. Finally, doctors were regarded as the most reliable source of AIDS information. There were many implications related to AIDS education from these results and from the other findings in this study.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Texas nurses are reading, yet.

The time Texas nurses spend reading professional literature is similar with physicians, yet they also read almost twice as much general material. A significant relationship was demonstrated between nurses who are members of nursing organizations and reading. Supervisor encouragement also influences reading but was reported as often not occurring.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Knowledge and attitudes of Texas dentists concerning AIDS.

A total of 1,200 practicing Texas dentists were surveyed concerning AIDS knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. The results were analyzed and an analysis of variance indicated an inverse relationship between city population and avoidance behavior towards AIDS by dentists. Additionally, dentists in practice over 10 years manifested higher avoidance characteristics towards AIDS. Increased knowledge did not correlate with less avoidance behavior. The results of this study indicate that additional methods of educating dentists concerning HIV infection and AIDS, infection control, and the role of health care professionals concerning patients with infectious diseases are needed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1990

Three new species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Apalone spinifera pallidus (Testudines: Trionychidae) in Texas, with a redescription of E. amydae.

Three new species of Eimeria are described from pallid spiny softshells, Apalone spinifera pallidus, collected in north-central Texas. Oocysts of Eimeria spinifera n. sp. were found in the feces of 3/9 (33%) turtles and are subspheroid, ellipsoid, or pear-shaped, 16.3 x 14.0 (14-19 x 12-18) microns, with a thin, single-layered wall; shape index 1.2 (1.1-1.3). A micropyle is absent, but an oocyst residuum is present; polar granule present in 16% of the oocysts. Sporocysts are elongate-ovoid, 10.3 x 5.2 (8-12 x 5-6) microns, each with a Stieda body bearing short filaments. Oocysts of Eimeria apalone n. sp. were found in 5/9 (56%) turtles and are ellipsoid, elongate pear-shaped, or subspheroid, 16.8 x 13.2 (12-19 x 10-16) microns, with a thin, single-layered wall; shape index 1.3 (1.0-1.5). A micropyle, oocyst residuum, and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are elongate-ovoid, 11.3 x 6.2 (9-14 x 5-7) microns, each with a prominent Stieda body. Oocysts of Eimeria pallidus n. sp. were found in 4/9 (44%) A. s. pallidus and are spheroid or subspheroid, 23.4 x 21.6 (18-27 x 17-25) microns, with a thin, single-layered wall; shape index 1.1 (1.0-1.3). A micropyle is absent, but an oocyst residuum is present; polar granule present in 20% of the oocysts. Sporocysts are elongate-ovoid, 14.3 x 6.2 (13-17 x 6-7) microns, each with a Stieda body and short filaments. In addition to the new species, 3 previously described eimerians, including Eimeria amydae Roudabush, 1937, which is redescribed, were also found.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Going the distance: rural health care in Texas.

Many doctors and hospitals are being squeezed out of rural and small-town Texas, and some of the population is beginning to suffer a lack of medical care comparable to that of underdeveloped countries. These articles consider the problem and present some options for improving health care delivery to rural Texans.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1989

Pediatric AIDS: a new health problem on the Texas horizon.

The current epidemic of HIV infection/AIDS initially limited to homosexual males appears to be spreading through heterosexual transmission and intravenous drug abuse. Infants, children, and adolescents are affected. We examine the modes of transmission of HIV infection in this population and the impact the spreading of this infection in the pediatric age group will have on Texas.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Cardiovascular mortality trends in Harris County, Texas: 1980 to 1986.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death in Texas and in the United States. This study determines the trend in mortality rates attributed to cardiovascular diseases in Harris County from 1980 to 1986. The region of the county that does not include the City of Houston was specifically studied. Mortality of cardiovascular diseases in these two areas follow patterns similar to that of the United States in the same time period. Both the entire county and Harris County excluding Houston show declines in cardiovascular mortality rates in the 7-year period. The populations were divided into four ethnic categories (white, black, Hispanic and "other"), and each ethnic group reported significant declines in overall cardiovascular mortality except in the "other" population, which showed an increase in the male group. Significant downward trends were noticed in the white and Hispanic population in the two major subcategories of cardiovascular diseases: diseases of the heart and cerebrovascular diseases. The black population in each geographic area studied was consistently higher in cardiovascular mortality than the other three ethnic groups observed (white, Hispanic and "other"). Knowledge of cardiovascular disease mortality rates by ethnicity, sex, and age as well as temporal changes in mortality rates within Harris County are important for health planners in continuing and implementing programs aimed at awareness, prevention, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1989

Texas Medical Foundation strives for quality medical care.

Since implementation of Medicare's prospective payment system, the emphasis of medical peer review organization (PRO) activities is quality health care in the appropriate setting. The Texas Medical Foundation's dedication to quality health care is evident in its quality review, in its information to the medical community, and in its challenges for physicians to utilize contemporary techniques in medical practices. TMF is committed to the integrity of the medical profession and to its role as a physician-directed means of assuring efficient and quality inpatient services. TMF hopes that physicians will view the PRO for what it is: an advocate of excellence in the medical community.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Encouraging trends in lung cancer mortality in Texas, 1970 to 1986.

Trends in lung cancer mortality among white and black men and women in Texas for the years 1970 to 1986 offer some measure of optimism. A decline in mortality for men and women aged 35 to 44 years and for men aged 45 to 54 years is now evident. However, the rates in older men and women continue to rise. Following a long trend of ascending death rates, a plateau in the overall age-adjusted death rates among white men is now suggested. A similar decline for women will probably not be evident until early in the next century. These patterns are consistent with profound changes that have occurred in the prevalence of cigarette smoking over the past 30 years. It is urgent to maintain the momentum by emphasizing smoking cessation and prevention programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Anabolic steroids and growth hormone in the Texas Panhandle.

We conducted a survey of family physicians and general pediatricians in the Texas Panhandle to learn about patient interest in anabolic steroids and growth hormone. Responses were anonymous. Fifty-five percent of those surveyed responded. Of these, 48.5% had received inquiries about anabolic steroids, 29% had seen patients they felt were taking steroids, and 15% had received inquiries concerning growth hormone. All inquirers about steroids and growth hormone and all perceived steroid users were male, and almost all were white. Adolescents (from 13 to 17 years old) accounted for 48% of the inquiries, young adults (18 to 25 years old) 48%, and adults 4%. Twenty percent of the inquiries were made by parents. Adolescents accounted for 31% of the perceived steroid users, young adults 68%, and adults 1%. Weight lifters and body builders comprised 60% of this group, football players 26%, and those taking steroids primarily for psychological reasons 13%. Nearly all inquiries about growth hormone were made by parents, and 44% were made on behalf of children for purposes of augmenting their normal height or for athletic enhancement.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Effect of smoking and alcohol consumption on laryngeal cancer risk in coastal Texas.

Data from case-control studies of respiratory cancer conducted in the Texas Gulf Coast region between 1975 and 1980 were used to examine the effects of smoking and alcohol on laryngeal cancer risk. Analyses were limited to living white males, aged 30-79, which included 151 histologically confirmed incident laryngeal cancer cases and 235 population-based controls. A dose-dependent effect for cigarette smoking was observed, with odds ratios ranging from 4.4 for ever smoking up to one-half pack daily, to 10.4 for smoking more than two packs per day. Risks were strongest for current smokers and declined markedly following smoking cessation. Higher risks were associated with smoking nonfiltered than filtered cigarettes. No significantly elevated risks were associated with the use of other tobacco products. Odds ratios for alcohol beverages did not increase linearly with increasing use; instead risks were twofold for consumption of four or more drinks weekly. Patterns of risk associated with beer and hard liquor were not consistent and few participants drank wine. Although the data were sparse, a dose-response effect for alcohol intake was suggested for tumors of the supraglottis (n = 23), while for nonsupraglottic cases, alcohol risks were elevated but did not increase beyond those observed for four drinks per week. Predicted risks for the combined effects of cigarette and alcohol use were intermediate between an additive and multiplicative form of interaction.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Eimeria lancasterensis (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the eastern fox squirrel, Sciurus niger (Rodentia: Sciuridae), in north-central Texas.

Eimeria lancasterensis Joseph, 1969, is reported for the first time from the feces of 10 of 11 (91%) eastern fox squirrels, Sciurus niger ludovicianus, in Dallas and Johnson counties, Texas. Oocyst measurements were similar to those reported previously from the eastern gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis carolinensis, in Massachusetts. Except for our observation of a substieda body, oocyst morphology was identical to the original description of E. lancasterensis.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Suicide of AIDS patients in Texas: a preliminary report.

The incidence of suicide in patients with the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the state of Texas during the period between January 1986 and August 1987 was determined. AIDS patients were found to have a rate of suicide higher than expected when compared to the general population. The results of this study document this trend which has important implications in the care of the growing number of patients with AIDS.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗