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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Effects of 9 weeks of hindlimb unloading on motor performances in adult rats.

It has been reported that abnormal steps associated with an ankle hyper-extension during walking were observed in adult rats after 2 weeks of hindlimb suspension (Canu and Falempin, 1997 & 1998). But such phenomena were normalized after 7 days of reambulation recovery. Canu and Falempin (1996) suggested that the spinal cord has a capacity to generate a well-organized pattern of locomotion even after a period of muscle disuse. There are, however, no reports about the effects of more prolonged suspension on motor performances. In the present study, 7 weeks old male rats were hindlimb-unloaded by tail suspension for 9 consecutive weeks and landing performances in response to drop from head-down, head-up, or supine position were investigated during 8 weeks of recovery. Posture maintenance during right-left translation was also checked.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Effects of 9 weeks hindlimb suspension on neuromuscular activity patterns in rat.

It is well known that gravitational unloading induces muscle atrophy associated with a shift of fiber type in slow-twitch muscle. Ishihara et al. (1996 & 1997) reported that 2 weeks of spaceflight caused a decrease in succinate dehydrogenase activities of ventral horn and dorsal root ganglion neurons in rats. Significant effects on motor performance are also induced in both human (Kozlovskaya et al., 1981) and rats (Canu and Falempin, 1997), but these changes are reversible. However, it is not known how neuromuscular function respond to long-term gravitational unloading. Therefore, the current study was carried out to investigate the effects of 9 weeks of hindlimb suspension on the neuromuscular function and mass in hindlimb muscles in rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[The arthrographic presentation of the hip, knee and tarsal joints of the cat].

The purpose of the present paper was to find out the most suitable localizations to puncture of hip, stifle and hock joints of the domestic cat. These joints are arthrographically presented. Further six contrast mediums in normal commercial usage were tested with regard to there contrast intensity. The only recommendable localization to arthrocentesis of the hip joint is at the cranial border of the greater trochanter of the femur. The stifle joint is approachable either at the medial or lateral border of the Lig. patellae. To puncture the proximal row of the hock joint the recommendable puncture site was found distal of the lateral malleolus between the tendons of the lateral digital extensor muscle and m. extensor digitorum longus. Any arthrocentesis of the distal row of the hock joint isn't recommendable. Contrast mediums with a iodine concentration below 300 mg/ml were not sufficient for arthrography.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Tarsal lameness of dairy bulls housed at two artificial insemination centers: 24 cases (1975-1987).

Degenerative joint disease of the tarsi was diagnosed in 20 of 24 Holstein bulls with tarsal lameness at 2 artificial insemination centers from 1975 to 1987. Each of the 2 centers housed about 100 bulls/yr. Of the 24 bulls with tarsal lameness, 22 were from the artificial insemination center designated as A, and 2 were from the center designated as B. Examination of the housing and management procedures revealed that center A had concrete floors with cuboidal-shaped yards, whereas center B had deep sand flooring, with long, narrow yards. The only other difference between the 2 centers was that center A used 1- and 2-year-old bulls as teasers for older, heavier bulls to mount, whereas center B used bulls that were at least 6 years old to withstand the stress placed on their hind limbs by the weight of bulls undergoing semen collection. Radiographic lesions of tarsi of bulls from both centers ranged from distention of the tibiotarsal joint pouch to hypertrophic degenerative osteoarthritis of the distal, intertarsal, and tarsometatarsal joints. It was concluded that the concrete flooring and the semen collecting practices were responsible for the high prevalence of tarsal lameness and degenerative joint disease of the tarsi in bulls housed at center A.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in joints with arthritis in abattoir baconers.

The occurrence of Mycoplasma hyosynoviae in synovial fluid of baconers with chronic arthritis was studied at an abattoir. Cultural examination of synovial fluid samples from diseased tarsal joints of 50 animals from 42 herds yielded M. hyosynoviae in 10 cases from 8 herds. Streptococci were found in 6 cases from 6 other herds. M. hyosynoviae antigen was found in 1 of 47 of the samples, and antibody to the mycoplasma was found in 14 of 40 of the samples by ELISA test. The presence of M. hyosynoviae in a joint was usually accompanied by the corresponding antibody. In joints with streptococcal infection antibody to M. hyosynoviae could not be found.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1992

Arthrotomy versus arthroscopy and partial synovectomy for treatment of experimentally induced infectious arthritis in horses.

To evaluate the clinical, laboratory, and histologic effects of 2 methods of treatment for infectious arthritis in horses, Staphylococcus aureus (3.4 to 3.9 x 10(3) colony-forming units) was inoculated into the tarsocrural joints of 8 horses on day 0. Each horse was treated with phenylbutazone (2 g, PO, q 24 h) and gentamicin sulfate (2.2 mg/kg of body weight, IV, q 8 h) for 14 days. On day 2, general anesthesia was induced, and each horse had 1 tarsocrural joint treated by arthrotomy, with removal of accessible fibrin and lavage with 3 L of sterile balanced electrolyte solution. An indwelling plastic drain was placed in the standing horse to provide a means for lavage with 3 L of balanced electrolyte solution twice daily for 72 hours. The contralateral tarsocrural joint was treated via arthroscopic debridement, synovectomy, and lavage with 3 L of balanced electrolyte solution. Arthrotomy and arthroscopic portals were allowed to heal by second intention. Lameness and thermographic examinations, analysis and bacteriologic culture of synovia, CBC, and WBC differential count were performed prior to inoculation and on days 1, 3, 6, 8, and 13. On day 14, each horse was euthanatized, and the joints were measured, opened, and photographed. Synovium and articular cartilage were obtained for semiquantitative histologic (H&E stain) and histochemical (safranin O fast green stain) evaluation. Lameness and joint circumference were significantly (P less than 0.05) greater in limbs treated by arthroscopy, synovectomy, and lavage. Arthrotomy with lavage eliminated the S aureus infection significantly (P less than 0.05) earlier than arthroscopy, synovectomy, and lavage, however, both treatments eliminated the infection in all but a single joint.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗