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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Wrong-way swallowing as a possible cause of bronchitis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

A new theory was tested that swallowing the wrong way is the cause of the strong correlation between bronchial symptoms and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). One hundred and nineteen patients who were operated on for hiatal hernia and GERD were compared with 89 patients treated with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole concerning bronchial symptoms before and after treatment. Both groups had a frequency of cough of 34% before treatment. Omeprazole did not give any significant relief of cough, whereas patients who were operated on with fundoplication and crural repair showed a highly significant reduction of cough and bronchitis. It is believed that the distal anchoring of the longitudinal esophageal muscle by surgery improves esophageal transit and restores the delicate coordination in the swallowing centre between deglutition, the opening of the upper esophageal sphincter, and the epiglottic closure of the laryngeal entrance. It is concluded that the main reason for chronic bronchitis in patients with GERD is intermittent aspiration due to partial mis-swallowing.

Bronchitis↗
PubMed1994

Swallowing difficulties and early CNS injuries: correlation with the presence of axial skeletal deformities.

We reviewed the neurological findings in 36 adults with history of perinatal brain injury that required gastrostomy due to progressive swallowing difficulties in a population of 624 institutionalized patients. A stereotypic pattern of progression of deficits was observed. Risk factors that correlated with increased risk of swallowing disorders included: presence of multiple handicaps; progressive deformities of the spine and extremities; decreased range of motion of mandible, laterognathism and other mandibular asymmetries. These findings suggest that spinal deformities and swallowing difficulties are part of a spectrum of impaired function of paired axial muscles in this population. The identification of these risk factors may help in the long-term care plan of severely impaired patients whose survival is extended by the use of feeding tubes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

An inter-disciplinary approach to swallowing problems in acute stroke.

Many speech and language therapy (SLT) departments are in danger of being swamped with dysphagia referrals, often to the detriment of other work. At the same time surveys have shown that large numbers of patients with acute stroke have swallowing problems which are poorly managed during the critical early phase, not referred or missed altogether. The Collaborative Dysphagia Audit (CODA) study, carried out in six British hospitals, showed that nurses could quickly be trained to carry out basic screening assessments for dysphagia and that implementation of a co-ordinated inter-disciplinary dysphagia management policy (DMP) could substantially improve the proportion of dysphagic patients in whom appropriate feeding precautions were taken. These early DMPs were limited by the need for ward staff to keep all patients with suspected swallowing impairment nil by mouth until assessed by SLT, so in some acute stroke units nurses have been trained to a higher level which allows them to manage most routine transient swallowing problems, leaving only complex or persistent cases for referral to SLT. This approach has been used successfully in our unit in Gateshead, where a dysphagia nurse specialist post has been set up to act as a link between ward staff and SLTs, to ensure that the necessary training levels are maintained and to co-ordinate the DMP.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Cases of swallow syncope induced by the activation of mechanorecepters in the lower esophagus.

Swallowing is a rare cause of neurally mediated syncope. The mechanism of swallow syncope that contributes to hypotension, bradycardia, or to both is complex. A 59-year-old man had experienced a recurrent loss of consciousness during swallowing of carbonated beverages or sticky foods. Another 59-year-old man had complained of intermittent syncope just after eating foods. These two patients had no significant structural or functional abnormalities in the esophagus or heart. Both cases showed bradycardia when the lower esophagus was stretched by balloon inflation. The activation of mechanoreceptors in the lower esophagus can be regarded as an initiating factor of these cardioinhibitions. The patients were treated with permanent pacemaker implantation and instructed to change eating habits, respectively.

Bradycardia↗
PubMed2000

Ultrasonographic measurement of tongue movement during swallowing.

Previous ultrasonographic studies on tongue functions were limited by the possibility of artifacts caused by movement of the submental area during function. Consequently, tongue movements were misinterpreted. A dynamic tongue imaging technique, the cushion-scanning technique, was used to overcome this problem. Later, swallowing was investigated and divided into five phases using cushion-scanning technique-aided M-mode ultrasonograms. In this study, cushion-scanning technique in combination with the B-mode and M-mode ultrasonography was applied to investigate and measure the tongue movement during swallowing in 55 normal persons. The average duration, range of motion and speed of swallowing were found to be 2.43 s, 24.06 mm, and 10.34 mm/s, respectively. The computer-aided B-mode plus M-mode ultrasonography in combination with the cushion-scanning technique is a valuable tool for study of tongue functions.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Videofluoroscopy study of swallowing in neurogenic dysphagia].

Videofluoroscopy (VFS) was for the first time used for examining swallowing in 49 patients with nervous diseases. Disturbances in each phase of swallowing act are analyzed with evaluation of the time parameters and defects, causes of aspiration in neurogenic dysphagia are discussed, and cricopharyngeal insufficiency is described. Neurogenic dysphagia is characterized by a combination of disorders which determine the degree of dysphagia. The most severe swallowing disorders were observed in patients with multiple foci in the brain stem and in diphtheritic polyneuropathies. The authors conclude that VFS is the optimal method for the diagnosis of neurogenic dysphagia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[Manometric evaluation of disorders in oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing in patients after partial laryngectomy for localized supraglottic cancer].

Manometric examinations of swallowing were conducted on 81 patients after partial laryngectomy and on 35 subjects being a control group. Resection of piriform recess, a part of the base of the tongue, the hyoid bone or its part is the factor that causes intensified difficulty during swallowing and increase in the frequency of the occurrence of aspiration. The results of manometric examinations indicate that the shape and mobility of the tongue and the mobility of remaining after the surgery parts of the larynx have the greatest influence on the efficient swallowing in patients who have undergone partial laryngectomy due to cancer initially located in the supraglottic area. The larynx mobility is closely related to the remaining of the hyoid bone. The importance of remaining the possibly non-deformed structure and mobility of the tongue during partial laryngectomy involves the issue of reconstruction of defects occurred during the surgery. Manometric examinations confirm the effectiveness of the method involving reconstruction of defects in a part of the base of the tongue with a vascular pedicle flap of the submandibular gland.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Esophageal perforation in a sword swallower.

We present the case of a 59-year-old man who sustained an esophageal perforation as a result of sword swallowing. An esophagogram established the diagnosis, and surgical repair was attempted. However, 19 days later, a persistent leak and deterioration of the patient's condition necessitated a transhiatal esophagectomy with a left cervical esophagogastrostomy. The patient recovered and has resumed his daily activities at the circus, with the exception of sword swallowing. This case report presents an unusual mechanism for a potentially lethal injury. Our search of the English-language medical literature revealed no other report of esophageal perforation resulting from sword swallowing. Management of such an injury is often difficult, and a favorable outcome is dependent on prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2001

[Video-roentgen cinematographic evaluation of pharyngeal phase disorders during swallowing in patients after partial laryngectomy due to localized supraglottic cancer].

Videorentgenocinematographic examinations of swallowing were conducted on 81 patients after partial laryngectomy and on 35 subjects being a control group. Resection of piriform recess, a part of base of the tongue, the hyoid bone or its part is the factor that causes intensified difficulty during swallowing and increase in the frequency of the occurrence of aspiration. The results of videorentgenocinematographic examinations indicate that the shape and mobility of the tongue and the mobility of remaining after the surgery parts of the larynx have the greatest influence on the efficient swallowing in patients who have undergone partial laryngectomy due to cancer initially located in the supraglottic area. The larynx mobility is closely related to the remaining of the hyoid bone. The importance of remaining the possibly non-deformed structure and mobility of the tongue during partial laryngectomy involves the issue of reconstruction of defects occurred during the surgery. Videorentgenocinematographic examinations confirm the effectiveness of the method involving reconstruction of defects in a part of the base of the tongue with a vascular pedicle flap of the submandibular gland.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Polychlorinated biphenyl contamination and minisatellite DNA mutation rates of tree swallows.

The evidence that exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) leads to mutations is equivocal and controversial. Using multilocus DNA fingerprinting, we compared the mutation rate of tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) nesting at sites with high and low levels of contamination with PCBs. The upper Hudson River, USA, is highly contaminated with PCBs as a result of releases from two capacitor manufacturing plants in Hudson Falls and Fort Edward, New York, USA. Tree swallows nesting nearby have some of the highest known concentrations of PCBs in their tissues of any contemporary bird population (up to 114,000 ng PCB/g tissue). We found no difference in mutation rates between sites in New York with high PCB contamination and reference sites in Wisconsin, USA, and Ontario and Alberta, Canada, with known or presumably low levels of contamination. Thus, the mechanism behind altered reproductive behavior of tree swallows along the upper Hudson River is most likely physiological impairment, such as endocrine disruption, rather than mutation.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Swallowed partial denture: a case report.

Accidental swallowing and aspiration of dental prostheses is not uncommon and has been reported frequently in the literature. The location of a swallowed or aspirated dental prosthesis often is accomplished radiographically but this is difficult with prostheses constructed entirely of acrylic resins. A case report of an elderly patient who swallowed a removable partial denture is reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1953

Swallowed foreign bodies.

Of 98 swallowed foreign bodies demonstrated, 71 with fate definitely known are reported. Seventeen of 20 foreign bodies in the esophagus had esophagoscopic removal. Only two of 51 foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract had laparotomy, while 49 were spontaneously passed. Early esophagoscopic removal of foreign bodies lodged in the esophagus and conservative management of foreign bodies which have passed the esophagogastric junction are recommended. Laparotomy is rarely indicated in the management of swallowed foreign bodies, although various observers are not in full agreement as to the circumstances in which "watchful waiting" is advisable nor as to how long it is permissible to wait for spontaneous passage. In 20 of 71 cases of swallowed foreign bodies, the objects were in the esophagus at the time the patient was first examined. Esophagoscopic removal was carried out in 17 cases. In two cases a foreign body was passed per rectum and in one was vomited. Laparotomy for removal was done in only two of the 51 cases in which the foreign body was already in the stomach or bowel at the time of examination, and in one of them the operation probably could have been avoided.

Administration, Rectal↗
PubMed2001

The swallowing and voicing characteristics of pharyngeal dystonia: a single case report.

This paper describes the swallowing difficulty and abnormal voicing characteristics of a subject with pharyngeal dystonia. This rare form of dystonia, considered to be a neurological condition resulting in involuntary spasm of the muscles of the pharynx, has not been documented in terms of its effects on the acoustic properties of the voice. This study revealed that during pharyngeal spasm, there are significant delays in voice onset time, a reduction in fundamental frequency, an increased percentage of sub-harmonics and variability in the amplitude perturbation quotient as well as shimmer. There was also evidence of these characteristics during periods of 'spasm-free' voice production, suggesting that the condition might be more consistent than what the subject described. Resonance disturbances were observed in spasm, which might explain the 'hollow' and affected voice quality. The subject also reported severe swallowing difficulties during the periods of spasm, characterised by a tight constriction at the level of the subject's throat. It is clear that an abnormality at the level of the cricopharyngeal muscle has a dual effect on the acoustic properties of the voice and on swallowing.

Acoustics↗
PubMed1992

[Recurrent bronchopneumopathies in the infant due to swallowing dyspraxia. Two cases].

In two infants with recurrent lower respiratory tract infections starting within a few weeks of birth, dynamic electromyographic studies of sucking and swallowing evidenced a disorder of lingual and pharyngeal activities responsible for the episodes of aspiration. The central location of the anomaly was demonstrated by the absence of peripheral neuromuscular anomalies and by the presence of impaired blinking reflexes and brain stem potential anomalies. These neurofunctional anomalies improved over time and magnetic resonance imaging failed to disclose and structural anomalies of the central nervous system. The occurrence of the swallowing disorder as an isolated manifestation and its long duration, with follow-ups of 23 months and 4 years, are two unique features in these cases. Neurophysiologic investigations are essential for documenting the neurologic etiology of the swallowing disorders, demonstrating their location above or within the medulla oblongata, and differentiating functional and organic anomalies.

Deglutition Disorders↗
PubMed1999

[The investigation of accidental swallowing of Fluoride toothpaste in young children]

OBJECTIVE:This study was to investigate the accidental swallowing of fluoride toothpastes in young children during their toothbrushing and then to discuss the security of fluoride toothpastes used by young children.METHODS:The accidental ingesting of fluoride toothpastes in 180 young children aged 3-6 years old was assayed with fluoride-specific electrode.RESULTS:Among the 180 children invited to join the test,the average amount of the ingestion of fluoride toothpastes was 0.053g.The average swallowing ratio was 26.163%.The maximums presented in the group aged 3.0 to 3.9years old were 0.082g and 30.348%;respectively.CONCLUSION:Young children swallow a quantity of toothpaste on the brush during toothbrushing inevitably.It may result in the excessive daily fluoride ingestion which includes the fluoride ingestion from toothpaste,food and surroundings.So the incidence of fluorosis will increase certainly.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Late swallowing and aspiration problems after esophagectomy for cancer: malignant infiltration of the recurrent laryngeal nerves and its management.

One hundred eleven patients who underwent esophagectomy for squamous carcinoma of the esophagus were followed up during a 42-month period. Forty-three patients who had normal swallowing in the postoperative period had recurrent dysphagia on follow-up. The causes were benign anastomotic stricture (n = 15), malignant anastomotic recurrence (n = 2), recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (n = 22), and no known cause (n = 4). Twenty-six patients were assessed by laryngoscopy and 15 were deemed suitable for Teflon injection of the vocal cord. All but one patient had improved swallowing and phonation after the procedure. Mean survival time after Teflon injection was 5 1/2 months. A significant proportion of swallowing problems after esophagectomy are not caused by mechanical obstruction. Teflon injection of a unilateral paralyzed vocal cord provides good palliation in these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Videofluorographic observations on swallowing in patients with dysphagia due to neurodegenerative diseases.

We examined three intervention methods for their efficacy in preventing aspiration in 25 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 23 patients with degenerative cerebellar ataxia (CA). On videofluoroscopic examination. 13 patients with PD (52%) and 7 patients with CA (30.4%) showed aspiration. In all PD patients and 5 patients with CA, no aspiration was observed after changing the food form. With the chin down posture and supraglottic swallow techniques, no aspiration was observed in only 1 PD patient. Among 7 patients with CA, the chin down posture and supraglottic swallow techniques resulted in the disappearance of aspiration in 4 patients. This indicates that changing the food form (ex. jelly) was effective in preventing aspiration in both PD and CA patients with a history of aspiration. In addition, the chin down posture and supraglottic swallow techniques were effective in preventing aspiration in CA patients with good sitting-position balance and cervical control.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

[Current research and development trend of swallowable biotelemetry systems].

Swallowable biotelemetry systems are one kind of implantable biotelemetry systems. The research about swallowable biotelemetry systems is rapidly growing recently because they can be used to measure physiological and pathological parameters of human gastrointestinal tracts in vivo and they significantly improve patient comfort. This paper presents the current research of swallowable biotelemetry systems domestically and abroad. The development trend of these systems is analyzed at the end of the paper.

Capsules↗