[Development of medical studies from high school to the thesis].
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Adolescent↗
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Results for “Student Dropouts”
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Evaluation of an intergenerational program for pregnant and parenting adolescents.
PROBLEM: Poor life outcomes for teenage mothers SUBJECTS: Young mothers (N = 65) several years after the birth of their first child. Half had mothers (called grandmothers) who attended the Teenage Mothers-Grandmothers program. METHODS: A long-term evaluation study of the effects of the Teenage Mothers-Grandmothers Program on outcomes for the teens. Instruments used: demographic questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Arizona Social Support Inventory Schedule, and an open-ended questionnaire. FINDINGS: Teens whose mothers participated in the program were significantly less likely to drop out of school and had significantly better self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Including the mothers of pregnant and parenting adolescents in programs can be beneficial.
Adolescent↗
The interrelationship between substance use and precocious transitions to adult statuses.
This study focuses on the interrelationship between premature or precocious transitions to adult statuses and roles and the use of alcohol and drugs. Panel data from early adolescence to young adulthood for a sample for a sample of youth who were at high risk for serious delinquent behavior is used. The results indicate that use of alcohol and drugs in early adolescence increases the risk of dropping out of school, becoming pregnant or impregnating someone, becoming a teenage parent, and living independently from parents or guardians prematurely. In turn, experiencing these precocious transitions increases the risk of the use of alcohol and drugs when respondents are young adults. The importance of these findings to the life course perspective generally and to interactional theory specifically are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Countdown to completion.
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Education, Nursing, Continuing↗
[Trends in the graduation of Brazilian physicians].
Physicians numerical increment in Brazil presented critical variations in recent years. So, annual means of graduated physicians were: 1972-1976, 7,082; 1977-1981, 8,304; 1982-1986, 7,542; 1987-1991, 7,058. In spite of this tendency to reduction, physicians per 10,000 inhabitants rate increased in the last 20 years: 5.96 in 1972, 4.59 in 1982 and 13.87 in 1992. Percentual increment of physicians per year represents 3.5% of the total number of active professionals/against less than 2% in the total population increase in Brazil. Thus that rate has a clear tendency to increase in the next years.
Brazil↗
Sexual behaviour, and knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS among out of school youth in Bahir Dar Town, northwest Ethiopia.
Intervention to control the spread of HIV/AIDS in out of school youth is under way in Bahir Dar Town. This survey was therefore conducted in April 1994 to provide baseline data on sexual behaviour, knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS. A total of 1115 out of school young people from eight randomly selected kebeles of the town were interviewed. Fifty one (4.6%) respondents said they have never heard of AIDS. Mean number of sexual partners for those who practised sex was 3.9 +/- 2.5. Knowledge scores were better than attitude and practice scores. Age, sex, marital status, educational status and occupation were significantly related with knowledge, attitude and practice scores (p < 0.05). The association of knowledge scores with attitude and practice scores was not statistically significant; p = 0.056 and p = 0.07, respectively. In addition to improving knowledge, emphasis should be given to other measures such as making the services accessible to the youth. A similar survey is recommended after the intervention programme is over.
Adolescent↗
Explorations in a proposed national policy for children and families.
Empirical evidence suggests that the family system is under pressure in the United States. This evidence includes but is not limited to a significant increase in out-of-wedlock childbearing by teenagers, an increase in the number of children living in families below the poverty level, lack of available health care to large numbers of children and families, and a rising number of children dropping out of school. The authors offer an analysis of the problems facing families, and a national policy model for children and families is proposed.
Adolescent↗
[Curriculum evaluation as implemented by the Ann Latsky Nursing College].
Comprehensive curriculum evaluation, based on Roos's curriculum evaluation model, was completed at the Ann Latsky Nursing College. This project was planned and implemented by means of a curriculum evaluation plan. In this article, the authors discuss the methodology that was followed during curriculum evaluation and that can serve as a guideline for tutors from other colleges.
Curriculum↗
Urban labor markets and individual transitions out of poverty.
Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and the U.S. census, I examine the effect of four structural characteristics on individual poverty exists: (1) economic restructuring, (2) skills mismatches, (3) racial residential segregation, and (4) welfare benefit levels. Results show that these factors play a role in explaining African Americans' economic disadvantages, but they have a weaker and often contrary impact on whites' poverty exists. Overall, the differing impact of the contextual characteristics on African Americans and whites exacerbates social stratification and illustrates racial divisions that contribute to pervade the labor market.
Adult↗
[School problems in adolescents].
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Adolescent↗
[Health care access of young people not attending school in precarious situations].
The legislations of July 1992 and January 1993 and the decree of 27th March 1993 offer the possibility for medical care to all, including many young people who do not have any rights when they need urgent medical attention. This study covers the proposals of professionals from the Languedoc and Roussillon regions who are responsible for the social and professional insertion of young people and their rights of access to medical care. These professionals serve both as the principal means of access to medical aid for young people and as the main obstacles to this aid which occurs as a result of the interaction between professional occupational practice and the behaviour of the young people concerned. From this study the following conclusions were drawn: this legislation excludes alien young people in an illegal situation; the potential availability of these rights is limited by arbitrary decision in administration; the period of coverage of these rights is long and complex; the financial obstacle is real for all young people who do not have free access to medical aid; the obstacles resulting from social interactions are frequent; there are many holes in the institutional network.
Adolescent↗
The social consequences of teenage parenthood.
The adolescent mothers consistently experienced great difficulty in realizing their life plans, when compared with their classmates who did not become pregnant premaritally in their early teens. Marital instability, school disruption, economic problems, and difficulty in family size regulation and child-rearing were some of the complications brought on by their premature, unscheduled childbearing.
Adolescent↗
Early conduct problems and later life opportunities.
Associations between the extent of conduct problems at age 8 years and later life opportunity outcomes at age 18 years were examined in a birth cohort of New Zealand children studied prospectively to age 18 years. Conduct problems at age 8 were assessed using a combination of parent and teacher reports of conduct disordered and oppositional behaviours. Two measures of life opportunities were assessed at age 18: (a) whether the young person had left school by age 18 without educational qualifications; (b) whether the young person had experienced a period of unemployment of 3 months or longer following school leaving. The analysis suggested the following conclusions: (1) There were clear and significant (p < .0001) tendencies for increasing levels of conduct problems at age 8 to be associated with increasing risks of leaving school without qualifications and of unemployment by age 18. (2) A substantial component of these associations was explained by a series of confounding social, family, and individual factors (notably child intelligence, early attentional problems, and family sociodemographic disadvantage) that were associated with both early conduct problems and later life opportunities. (3) Further analysis suggested that linkages between early conduct problems and later educational underattainment and unemployment (after adjustment for confounders) were mediated by a series of adolescent behavioural processes including patterns of peer affiliations, substance use, truancy, and problems with school authority.
Adolescent↗
Mental health attrition from Air Force basic military training.
The Department of Defense invests considerable money in recruiting and training new military recruits who are discharged for mental health reasons before completing their first enlistment, often within the first 6 months of active duty. The purpose of this study was to provide a description of 1,138 Air Force recruits referred for a mental health evaluation while in basic military training. Variables examined include dispositions, demographic features, diagnoses, mental health history, and attitude and motivation characteristics. Findings show that trainees recommended for discharge often had a history of depression, expressed a lack of motivation to continue in the military, were reporting suicidal ideation, and typically had withheld information on their mental health history during their Military Entrance Processing Station processing. The results are discussed in terms of potential strategies for reducing mental health attrition in Air Force basic military training.
Adult↗
The attrition rate of students in master's level nurse anesthesia programs.
This survey was conducted in October 1990. Survey forms were sent to all nurse anesthesia programs offering master's degrees. The purpose of the study was to determine the dropout rate of students who did not complete their programs during the period from 1985 to 1990. Directors were asked to rate their satisfaction to determine if students were more likely to leave because of clinical or academic difficulties or for personal reasons. The time frame and the circumstances surrounding the students' departures were also examined. The attrition rate of programs ranged from 0-25% (mean = 8.2%). More than half the students left for personal reasons. The remainder were almost equally divided between clinical and academic reasons. In fact, many directors had difficulty distinguishing between these two causes. Most students left during the first 12 months of their program, and more than half of them were not encouraged to resign. A large majority (78%) of directors found their program's attrition rate to be very acceptable.
Data Collection↗
The peer relations of dropouts: a comparative study of at-risk and not at-risk youths.
Little research has been devoted to exploring the relationship between high school disengagement and friendship network changes. In this study, the characteristics of friends, the environments of the friendship network and the nature of peer relations of students at-risk and not at-risk of dropping out of high school were compared. A questionnaire was given to 191 high school students (109 males, 82 females) from a middle class environment at the beginning and end of the school year. Results indicated that at-risk students had more dropout friends, more working friends, fewer school friends and fewer same-sex friends. Sex differences were discovered in several areas. Findings are discussed in relation to research and theories pertaining to dropouts and adolescent development.
Adolescent↗
The effect of school dropout rates on estimates of adolescent substance use among three racial/ethnic groups.
OBJECTIVES: This study examined, across three racial/ethnic groups, how the inclusion of data on drug use of dropouts can alter estimates of adolescent drug use rates. METHODS: Self-report rates of lifetime prevalence and use in the previous 30 days were obtained from Mexican American, White non-Hispanic, and Native American student (n = 738) and dropouts (n = 774). Rates for the age cohort (students and dropouts) were estimated with a weighted correction formula. RESULTS: Rates of use reported by dropouts were 1.2 to 6.4 times higher than those reported by students. Corrected rates resulted in changes in relative rates of use by different ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: When only in-school data are available, errors in estimating drug use among groups with high rates of school dropout can be substantial. Correction of student-based data to include drug use of dropouts leads to important changes in estimated levels of drug use and alters estimates of the relative rates of use for racial/ethnic minority groups with high dropout rates.
Adolescent↗
Structural equation socialization model of substance use among Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic school dropouts.
PURPOSE: To test a socialization model of polydrug use among Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic school dropouts. METHODS: A sample of 910 Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic school dropouts were surveyed regarding their use of alcohol, marijuana, and other drugs, and socialization characteristics that have previously been shown to be predictive of adolescent substance use. A structural equation model based on peer cluster theory was evaluated for goodness of fit and for differences in model characteristics by ethnicity and gender. RESULTS: Results partially confirmed peer cluster theory among school dropouts in that association with drug-using peers was the most powerful direct predictor of substance use. The effects of a number of other socializing influences were indirect, mediated through association with drug-using peers. Some differences were present between Mexican-American and white non-Hispanic subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Results were similar to those obtained from previous tests of this model among youth who remain in school, suggesting that social influences on drug use are similar across students and school dropouts. Association with drug-using peers dominates the prediction of substance use among school dropouts. However, family communication of drug use sanctions helps to both limit substance use and strengthen family bonds. Prior school adjustment is likely to be an important protective factor in limiting substance use among Mexican-American dropouts.
Adolescent↗