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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Effects of benzoyl peroxide on lipogenesis in sebaceous glands using an animal model.

BACKGROUND: Benzoyl peroxide is the most widely used topical agent for acne since the 1960s. Concomitant treatment of benzoyl peroxide with oral, or topical antibiotics diminishes the multiplication of antibiotic-resistant strains of Propionibacteria acnes. Besides being antibacterial, the chemical also functions as a peeling agent, has comedolytic activity, reduces free fatty acid levels, and is touted to be sebosuppressive. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to determine the ability of topically applied benzoyl peroxide to suppress lipogenesis of the sebaceous glands. METHODS: The data were obtained employing an animal model for human sebaceous glands, namely, the flank organs of female golden Syrian hamsters. RESULTS: Our results reveal no inhibition of lipogenesis in sebaceous glands by topical application of benzoyl peroxide. CONCLUSION: Despite many functions beneficial in acne therapy, benzoyl peroxide does not possess sebosuppressive capabilities. With the advent of water-soluble organic peroxides revealing similar antimicrobial activity to benzoyl peroxide, all therapeutic parameters (save for sebosuppression) will need to be assessed to weigh the benefits of these second-generation acne-fighting peroxides.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2006

A promising method for identifying cross-cultural differences in patient perspective: the use of Internet-based focus groups for content validation of new patient reported outcome assessments.

OBJECTIVES: This proof of concept (POC) study was designed to evaluate the use of an Internet-based bulletin board technology to aid parallel cross-cultural development of thematic content for a new set of patient-reported outcome measures (PROs). METHODS: The POC study, conducted in Germany and the United States, utilized Internet Focus Groups (IFGs) to assure the validity of new PRO items across the two cultures--all items were designed to assess the impact of excess facial oil on individuals' lives. The on-line IFG activities were modeled after traditional face-to-face focus groups and organized by a common 'Topic' Guide designed with input from thought leaders in dermatology and health outcomes research. The two sets of IFGs were professionally moderated in the native language of each country. IFG moderators coded the thematic content of transcripts, and a frequency analysis of code endorsement was used to identify areas of content similarity and difference between the two countries. Based on this information, draft PRO items were designed and a majority (80%) of the original participants returned to rate the relative importance of the newly designed questions. FINDINGS: The use of parallel cross-cultural content analysis of IFG transcripts permitted identification of the major content themes in each country as well as exploration of the possible reasons for any observed differences between the countries. Results from coded frequency counts and transcript reviews informed the design and wording of the test questions for the future PRO instrument(s). Subsequent ratings of item importance also deepened our understanding of potential areas of cross-cultural difference, differences that would be explored over the course of future validation studies involving these PROs. CONCLUSION: The use of IFGs for cross-cultural content development received positive reviews from participants and was found to be both cost and time effective. The novel thematic coding methodology provided an empirical platform on which to develop culturally sensitive questionnaire content using the natural language of participants. Overall, the IFG responses and thematic analyses provided a thorough evaluation of similarities and differences in cross-cultural themes, which in turn acted as a sound base for the development of new PRO questionnaires.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed2003

Metformin or antiandrogen in the treatment of hirsutism in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Hirsutism is a common and distressing symptom frequently encountered in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), who also show relative insulin resistance. The aim of this trial, in which hirsutism was the primary end point, was to compare the efficacy of the oral antihyperglycemic medication metformin with that of an established treatment, combined ethinyl estradiol and cyproterone acetate. Patients (n = 52) were randomized to receive either metformin (500 mg, three times daily) or Dianette (ethinyl estradiol, 35 micro g; cyproterone acetate, 2 mg) treatment for 12 months, with assessments before treatment, at 6 months, and at 12 months. Both objective and subjective methods of evaluating hirsutism were used, and in addition, patient perceptions were examined. The results show that metformin is potentially an effective treatment for moderate to severe hirsutism in women with PCOS. They also suggest that in some respects (Ferriman-Gallwey score and patient self-assessment), it is more efficacious than the standard treatment (Dianette). The objective evaluation of hair diameter reduction showed that both treatments were moderately effective at multiple anatomical sites. Dianette treatment was responsible for profound suppression of androgen activity, in contrast to metformin, which induced negligible change. However, metformin did reduce markers of insulin resistance. The data suggest that hirsutism may be effectively treated by reducing hyperinsulinemia.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1997

Effect of 12-month dehydroepiandrosterone replacement therapy on bone, vagina, and endometrium in postmenopausal women.

The effect of 12-month dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) replacement therapy has been evaluated in 14 60- to 70-yr-old women who received daily applications of a 10% DHEA cream. Vaginal epithelium maturation was stimulated by DHEA administration in 8 of 10 women who had a maturation value of zero at the onset of therapy, whereas a stimulatory effect was also seen in all three women who had an intermediate vaginal maturation index before therapy. The estrogenic effect of DHEA observed in the vagina was not observed in the endometrium, which remained atrophic in all women. Most interesting, the bone mineral density significantly increased at the hip from 0.744 +/- 0.021 to 0.759 +/- 0.025 g/cm2 after 12 months of treatment (P < 0.05). These changes in bone mineral density were associated with a significant 20.0% decrease (P < 0.01) in plasma bone alkaline phosphatase and a 28% decrease in the urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio. A 2.1-fold increase over the control value (P < 0.01) in plasma osteocalcin was concomitantly observed. The present data describe for the first time a series of medically important beneficial effects of DHEA therapy in postmenopausal women through transformation of the precursor steroid DHEA into androgens and/or estrogens in specific peripheral intracrine tissues without significant adverse effects. The stimulatory effect on the vaginal epithelium in the absence of stimulation of the endometrium is of particular interest because it eliminates the need for progestin replacement therapy. On the other hand, the stimulatory effect on bone mineral density accompanied by an increase in serum osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation, suggests stimulation of bone formation by the androgenic action of DHEA, a finding of particular interest for both the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Analysis of latent fingerprint deposits by infrared microspectroscopy.

We report the use of infrared (IR) microspectroscopy for the analysis of fingerprint residues. The advantage of using an IR microscope lies in the ability to visualize and obtain spectra of individual particles and droplets that make up fingerprint ridge deposits at a spatial resolution of approximately 10 microm. Our initial results suggest that infrared microspectroscopy in reflection-absorption mode provides reproducible spectral analysis of fingerprint residue. Since infrared microspectroscopy is nondestructive to the sample, we will be able to study the changes in fingerprint ridge deposits as a function of time. The method holds promise for probing the difference between latent fingerprints of adults and children.

Adult↗