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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Oropharyngeal aspiration of a silica suspension produces a superior model of silicosis in the mouse when compared to intratracheal instillation.

Instillation of crystalline silica into the lungs of mice is a common experimental model of pulmonary fibrosis. Typically, a suspension of silica in saline is injected into the trachea via intubation or surgical tracheostomy. These techniques require a high degree of technical skill, have a lengthy training period, and can suffer from a high failure rate. In oropharyngeal aspiration, a droplet of liquid is placed in the animal's mouth while simultaneously holding its tongue (to block the swallow reflex) and pinching its nose shut, forcing it to breathe through its mouth, aspirating the liquid. To determine whether oropharyngeal aspiration (OA) could replace intratracheal instillation (IT) in a model of silica-induced fibrosis, a comparison was performed. Crystalline silica was introduced into the lungs of male C57BL/6 mice by the IT or OA procedure, and the resulting inflammation and fibrosis was assessed after 3 weeks. IT and OA instillation of silica both resulted in neutrophilic inflammation and fibrotic changes, including interstitial fibrosis and dense fibrotic foci. Mice treated via IT demonstrated a few large lesions proximal to conducting airways with little involvement of the distal parenchyma and large interanimal variability. In contrast, OA resulted in a diffuse pathology with numerous fibrotic foci distributed throughout the lung parenchyma, which is more representative of human fibrotic lung disease. OA- but not IT-treated mice exhibited significantly increased lung collagen content. Furthermore, the interanimal variability within the OA group was significantly less than in the IT group. Oropharyngeal aspiration should be considered as an alternative to intratracheal instillation of silica and other particulates in studies of respiratory toxicity and lung disease.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1988

Contributing factors to sandblasters' silicosis: inadequate respiratory protection equipment and standards.

National concordance standards for respiratory protection during abrasive blasting have existed for more than 50 years; however, these standards have not kept pace with advances in blast equipment, have not provided realistic estimates of expected protection in the workplace, and have been misused by manufacturers and distributors of respiratory protective equipment who have assured, through sales literature, that the equipment is acceptable for conditions under which they have never been tested. This situation has contributed to exposure of sandblasters to hazardous levels of respirable free silica, and is reviewed here to prevent a continuation of the incompatibility of these and other standards for respiratory protection with the actual exposures to various noxious inhalants in the workplace.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Severity of silicosis at compensation between medically screened and unscreened workers.

OBJECTIVE: Most developed countries have medical surveillance programs for some of the workers (typically miners) exposed to silica, but the impact of these programs is not documented. METHODS: Clinical data from 1388 compensated silicotic workers in Quebec, Canada, were used. The severity of disease at compensation was compared between workers in the surveillance program and those who were not. RESULTS: Predicted vital capacity at less than 80% at compensation was less likely among workers under surveillance than among those who were not (odds ratio = 0.59; 95% confidence interval 0.44-0.80); the occurrence of a radiological image with large opacities and profusion of category 1/1 or more was also less likely in the group with surveillance (odds ratio = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.39-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: The data indicate a benefit from medical surveillance but alternative explanations are discussed.

Adult↗