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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Axillar ultrasound of the glenohumeral joint.

A new ultrasonographic method for detection of intraarticular effusion in the glenohumeral joint was developed. The distance between the humerus and the joint capsule is measured at the axilla with the humerus in 90 degrees abduction. Effusion was detected by ultrasonography in 10 of 11 joints in which effusion was confirmed by intraarticular puncture. Intraarticular injection of physiological NaC1 solution could be seen as a change in the scan. The mean ultrasonographic distance between the head of humerus and the joint capsule was 2.4 mm (SD 0.5 mm) in 80 shoulder joints of 40 healthy adults. Thus, intrasynovial effusion can be suspected if the distance is 3.5 mm (mean + 2 SD) or more, or the difference between both sides is 1 mm or more.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental study on a new non constrained total shoulder prosthesis].

We designed a new non constrained total shoulder prosthesis and examined it biomechanically. In order to adapt the shoulder prosthesis for the Japanese, fifty skeletal and one hundred radiographs shoulder joints of Japanese were measured. In radiographs we also measured curvature radius of the humeral head and glenoid fossa. We studied force analysis to elucidate the stability of gleno humeral joint using Rigid Body Spring Model. The result on this study indicate that to lengthen the glenoid surface and to make it near the same radius head and glenoid the joint stability will become stable. Our total shoulder prosthesis consist of a cobalt alloy humeral component, a cobalt alloy glenoid component and a high density polyethylene++ outer head put over a small head of humeral component. The glenoid component have two variations. One is for anatomical replacement and its central angle is 78 degrees. The other is for poor function of rotator cuff and its central angle is 110 degrees. The results of biomechanical experiments showed possibility and advantages of our non constrained total shoulder prosthesis being put into clinical practice.

Alloys↗
PubMed1995

Listeria monocytogenes arthritis of several joints.

A patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) developed an infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes in her left knee and both shoulder joints. The clinical presentation of the disease was rather indolent with relatively moderate joint symptoms. Moreover, the synovial fluid sample was only slightly turbid with a white blood cell count of 23.5 x 10(9)/1. As compared to the earlier reported cases of L. monocytogenes septic arthritis, our patient is unique because she had infection in several joints. The polyarticular joint involvement combined with the clinical symptoms resembling the activation of RA posed us diagnostic difficulties.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

Translocation of the biceps humeri for flail shoulder.

A method of anterior translocation of the biceps humeri in the treatment of flail shoulder was undertaken in seven patients and allowed active forward flexion of 40 to 70 degrees at the shoulder joint. This gave the patients a feeling of control over the shoulder.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Inertial properties of the arm are accurately predicted during motor imagery.

In the present study, using the mental chronometry paradigm, we examined the hypothesis that during motor imagery the brain uses a forward internal model of arm inertial properties to predict the motion of the arm in different dynamic states. Seven subjects performed overt and covert arm movements with one (motion around the shoulder joint) and two (motion around both the shoulder and elbow joints) degrees of freedom in the horizontal plane. Arm movements were executed under two loading conditions: without and with an added mass (4kg) attached to the subject's right wrist. Additionally, movements were performed in two different directions, condition which implies changes in the arm inertia due to the inertial anisotropy of the arm. Our analysis was focused on the timing features of overt and covert movements measured by means of an electronic stopwatch. Durations of right-direction arm movements (low inertial resistance) were smaller compared to durations of left-direction arm movements (high inertial resistance). Additionally, loading the arm with an added mass of 4kg significantly changed the dynamics of motion: movements were indeed more prolonged under loaded conditions. In both cases, the duration of simulated movements mirrored that of overtly executed movements. Therefore, neither the inertial anisotropy of the arm nor the addition of an external mass affected the timing correspondence between overt and covert movement execution. These findings suggest that the brain internally represents the inertial properties of the arm and makes use of it both for sensorimotor control and for the generation of motor images.

Acceleration↗
PubMed1985

Osteochondral hemiarthroplasty. An experimental investigation in baboons.

Hemiarthroplasty using osteochondral autografts and allografts were performed on 40 hip, 23 knee and 5 shoulder joints in baboons. Follow-up at one, two and three years revealed good results as assessed by clinical and radiological examination. Histological and radionuclide studies revealed cartilage viability in 70 to 80% of cases.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

MR arthrography of rotator interval, long head of the biceps brachii, and biceps pulley of the shoulder.

The rotator interval and the long head of the biceps brachii tendon are anatomically closely associated structures believed to confer stability to the shoulder joint. Abnormalities of the rotator interval may be acquired or congenital and are associated with instability of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon. Clinical and arthroscopic diagnoses of rotator interval abnormalities and subtle instability patterns of the long head of the biceps brachii tendon are difficult. Magnetic resonance arthrography, owing to its superior depiction of ligaments with distention of the joint capsule, may be the procedure of choice, barring open surgery, for help in diagnosis of these conditions.

Arthrography↗
PubMed1989

Glenoid labrum: preliminary work with use of radial-sequence MR imaging.

The authors describe a magnetic resonance imaging method for examination of the glenoid labrum of the shoulder joint that utilizes a radial fast-imaging sequence. Seven shoulders were examined: a total of five in three healthy asymptomatic volunteers, one in a symptomatic patient not suspected of having a lesion of the glenoid labrum, and one in a patient with recurrent shoulder dislocation and surgical proof of an extensive tear of the labrum. The preliminary results suggest that this technique may advantageously demonstrate pathologic changes in the glenoid labrum and may contribute to the evaluation of the unstable and painful shoulder.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Frozen shoulder: correlation between the response to physical therapy and follow-up shoulder arthrography.

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between improvement of shoulder motion and shoulder joint space capacity determinated by arthrography. DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: General community hospital. PATIENTS: Twelve patients with clinically diagnosed frozen shoulder without rotator cuff tear. All subjects were divided as "primary" and "secondary" according to spontaneous onset or not, and "acute" or "chronic" depending on whether duration of disease was less than 2 months or longer. INTERVENTIONS: Outpatient rehabilitation programs, including physical modalities, exercise intervention, and regular weekly outpatient clinic follow-up. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Shoulder range of motion (ROM) and joint space capacity in shoulder arthrography. RESULTS: In acute patients, the joint space capacity increased significantly after treatment (t = 2.82; p < .05). Increased joint space capacity was most significantly correlated with improvement in external rotation (r = .77, p < .05), followed by abduction (r = .43, p > .05), but was poorly correlated with flexion and internal rotation. In chronic patients, both primary and secondary groups, there was no obvious joint space capacity increase despite significant shoulder motion improvement. Follow-up arthrograms showed the reappearance and/or enlargement of the axillary recess and smoother capular margins in all the patients except one chronic case (disease duration for 1 year). These findings were more obvious in acute than in chronic patients. CONCLUSIONS: For frozen shoulder, generally described as "adhesive capsulitis," the adhesion was reversible in the acute stage. The increase of joint space capacity was significant and was correlated with improvement of external rotation. In chronic patients, ROM restoration occurred independent of change in joint space capacity, which increased slightly. The stretching of other contracted soft tissues around the shoulder, in addition to the adhesive capsule, may contribute to the recovery of chronic frozen shoulder.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Shoulder girdle resection for giant basal cell carcinoma.

Forequarter amputation may seem the only surgical option when a tumour of the scapula or its overlying soft tissues invades the bones of the shoulder joint. As illustrated in this case of giant basal cell carcinoma, shoulder girdle (Tikhor-Linberg) resection is occasionally, possible, thus preserving a functional arm.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Artificial encapsulation of joint prostheses.

The great success of total joint replacement in surgery has been disturbed mainly by later loosening and wear-out of the plastic components. In an attempt to improve long term performance of joint prostheses and eliminate the adverse effects of wear debris, polymeric encapsulation as a main design feature has been proposed. The benefits of having an encapsulated and artificially lubricated joint prosthesis have been evaluated in tribological terms with particular reference to the UMIST shoulder joint. The selection of a number of biopolymers involved in this research project described. The possible interactions arising from the coexistence of these materials have been mechanically investigated. Much attention and a great deal of practical work has been focussed on the sealing of the capsule and on the relevant liquid permeability.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

Arthrography of the shoulder.

Arthrography of the shoulder is a most effective diagnostic tool in evaluating the shoulder joint. The technique is easily mastered with practice. A knowledge of shoulder anatomy is imperative in order to fully understand the normal as well as abnormal shoulder arthrogram.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed2001

Multijoint movement control in Parkinson's disease.

Impairments in the performance of complex actions in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients are well documented. The aim of the present study was to investigate potential mechanisms that may be contributing to impaired movement performance in PD patients. PD patients and age-matched control subjects performed rapid pointing movements to a series of four tabletop targets. The height of the table was adjusted until the targets could be achieved with arm movements in the horizontal plane. The targets were arranged such that target 1 required elbow extension only and targets 2-4 required increasing amounts of horizontal shoulder flexion in addition to the elbow extension. While the control subjects accelerated and decelerated the elbow and shoulder joints simultaneously regardless of the target location, the PD patients decomposed motion during the acceleration phase by accelerating first the shoulder and then the elbow joint. For PD patients this decomposition of arm segments was associated with greater coactivation of the muscles about the elbow when elbow extension and shoulder flexion were simultaneously required (targets 2-4), in contrast to the single joint action. The control subjects decreased elbow joint coactivation while the patients increased it across the four targets. The resulting peak interaction torques at both the elbow and shoulder joints occurred relatively later for the PD patients. The coactivation patterns observed in PD patients may reduce the ability to take advantage of interaction torques and may also contribute to joint motion decomposition.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Intraoperative EMG response of the musculature after stimulation of the glenohumeral joint capsule.

UNLABELLED: In an experimental study we investigated the EMG response in 10 human subjects after intraarticular stimulation of the shoulder joint capsule following arthroscopic insertion of the stimulating electrode in the anterior glenohumeral ligaments. The muscle response was documented by mono- or bipolar electrodes. Reproducible EMG response patterns were present in superficial as well as in deep muscle layers. The response time ranged from 100 to 516 msec. The earliest muscle response was found in the anterior part of the deltoid muscle and the latest one in the supraspinatus muscle and the lateral part of the deltoid muscle. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results of this study suggest a significant influence of the tension in the joint capsule on the activity of the stabilizing musculature.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Suprascapular nerve block for postoperative pain relief in arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a new modality?

Arthroscopic shoulder surgery has a 45% incidence of severe postoperative pain. Opiates and interscalene nerve blocks have a high incidence of side effects, and intraarticular local anesthetic has been shown to be ineffective when used for postoperative pain relief. The suprascapular nerve supplies 70% of the sensory nerve supply to the shoulder joint, and local anesthetic block of this nerve is effective in certain shoulder pain disorders. To determine the efficacy of a suprascapular nerve block, subcutaneous saline was compared with a suprascapular nerve block using 10mL of 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine before general anesthesia was induced. In the immediate postoperative period, a 51% reduction in demand and a 31% reduction in consumption of morphine delivered by a patient-controlled analgesic system was demonstrated. There was more than fivefold reduction in the incidence of nausea, as well as reduced visual analog and verbal pain scores for patients who received a suprascapular nerve block. The duration of hospital stay was reduced by 24% in the suprascapular nerve block group. A 24-h phone call interview revealed a 40% reduction in analgesic consumption and a reduction in verbal pain scores at rest and on abduction. There were no complications from the suprascapular nerve block. This study demonstrates that a suprascapular nerve block for pain relief in arthroscopic shoulder surgery is an effective and safe modality of postoperative pain relief.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Synovial chondromatosis: a report of four cases with three diverse localizations].

Four patients with three diverse localizations of synovial chondromatosis are presented. Three were men and one was a woman (mean age 32 years; range 21 to 55 years). The site of involvement was the shoulder joint in two patients, and the ankle and hip joints in the remaining two. Pain and restricted joint movement were common complaints. Other clinical complaints included locking, crepitus, loss of muscle strength, instability, and feeling of a mass lesion. Plain roentgenograms showed multiple radiopaque nodules/loose bodies, with the female patient additionally having osteoporosis and bone erosion. The patients underwent arthrotomy followed by synovectomy and the loose bodies were removed. Diagnoses were confirmed by histologic examination. All the patients became asymptomatic following surgical treatment and no evidence of recurrent disease was detected.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The importance of imaging technics in the diagnosis of sports related periarticular shoulder lesions].

Numerous kinds of sports lead to lesions of the periarticular tissue of the shoulder, which can result in the supraspinatus syndrome or incomplete and complete rupture of the rotator cuff. Standard radiography is of limited use in the diagnosis of periarticular diseases of the shoulder. Osseous alterations in the greater tubercle and undersurface of the acromion can be explained as a supraspinatus syndrome or a long-standing rupture of the rotator cuff in connection with high positioning of the head of the humerus. A rupture of the rotator cuff is demonstrated by arthrography of the shoulder joint, a diagnostic method that we think is necessary despite regular examinations with ultrasonography.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Injection technique for the shoulder and elbow.

1. Injections of the shoulder or elbow can be carried out effectively with little or no discomfort, with the patient in the sitting position. 2. Aseptic technique should be observed. 3. The corticosteroid solution should not be injected into the tendons of the shoulder joint or elbow. 4. It is safer, less painful, and more effective to inject the solution into the overlying bursal space or the tendon sheath. 5. Repeated injections are not advised.

Acromioclavicular Joint↗