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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

An evaluation of open scalp wounds.

A retrospective study of 661 adult patients with open scalp wounds attending the Accident and Emergency Department of Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, Scotland, was performed. Detailed information was recorded about history, nature of open wounds ('contused' or 'incised'), wound exploration and radiological findings. The commonest cause of injury was assault (40%), followed by falls (34%). Half of the patients had been drinking alcohol. The majority of scalp wounds were 'contused' (84%) resulting equally from assaults and falls; 'incised' wounds (16%) were more commonly due to assault. Although division of the occipitofrontalis aponeurosis was infrequent (18%), most (78%) of the skull fractures occurred in this group. Wound exploration detected nine fractures not evident on skull X-rays. To maximise fracture detection rate, careful wound exploration should be an important adjunct to skull radiography and, in particular, division of the occipitofrontalis aponeurosis should alert the casualty officer to the likelihood of a skull fracture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The use of chromic catgut in the primary closure of scalp wounds in children.

A prospective clinical trial examining the benefits of using an absorbable suture for the closure of scalp wounds, is described. One hundred wounds were included, of which 50 were closed with chromic catgut, and 50 were closed with silk. On examination 5 days later, there were no complications in either group. The advantages of using an absorbable suture material in children's scalp wounds are discussed.

Catgut↗
PubMed2005

Light microscopic examination of scalp hair samples as an aid in the diagnosis of paediatric disorders: retrospective review of more than 300 cases from a single centre.

BACKGROUND: Microscopic examination of scalp hair can provide important diagnostic information in a range of paediatric conditions. It is a non-invasive and cost effective investigation, which is not widely performed. AIMS: To examine retrospectively the value of hair examination by light microscopy, including polarising microscopy, in a specialist paediatric pathology department during a 15 year period (1989-2004) and to describe the morphological abnormalities indicative of specific paediatric conditions. METHODS: Three hundred and twenty two hair samples were submitted. Microscopic changes were analysed in the light of clinical information categorised as: (1) erythroderma, (2) neurological impairment, (3) immunological/haematological defect, (4) ectodermal dysplasia, (5) abnormal hair only, and (6) non-specific/absent clinical details. RESULTS: Abnormalities were evident in 49% of the samples. In 25%, the changes were compatible with specific diagnoses including Menkes disease, Netherton's syndrome, trichothiodystrophy, Griscelli and Chediak-Higashi syndromes, monilethrix, uncombable hair, and loose anagen syndromes. In respect of the clinical presentation groups noted above, diagnostic changes were seen in 41%, 32%, 33%, 0%, 29%, and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Morphological light microscopic examination of scalp hair is an inexpensive, rapid, and non-invasive investigation, which can provide valuable diagnostic information in a range of paediatric conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

EEG scalp electrode projection onto three-dimensional surface rendered images of the brain.

A technique is described for generating magnetic resonance-based, surface rendered images of the brain with electroencephalographic (EEG) scalp electrode positions projected onto the cortical surface. This technique (EEG electrode projection) was used in 10 patients who subsequently underwent surgery for medically intractable frontal lobe epilepsy. In most cases of intractable epilepsy, successful surgery entails the resection of electrophysiologically abnormal cortical tissue rather than an identifiable mass lesion. EEG electrode projection is a unique and useful surgical tool because it provides images that spatially correlate the surface anatomy of the brain and the electrophysiologic abnormality recorded at the scalp. Excellent correlation was found between cortical topography delineated by the surface rendered images and cortical anatomy at surgery. Agreement between EEG electrode projection and electrocorticography as to the location of the electrophysiologic abnormality increases confidence that appropriate cortical areas have been identified for resection. The technique provides new and unique insight into important anatomic-electrophysiologic relationships and aids in formulation of surgical strategy.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Peripherally inserted central venous catheters: success of scalp-vein access in infants and newborns.

The authors assessed the feasibility of placing peripherally inserted central venous catheters via scalp veins in infants and newborns. In 60 newborns and infants, aged 3 days to 10 months, placement of 62 2-F peripherally inserted central venous catheters was attempted with scalpvein access. The tip location was central in 30 of the 62 catheters (48%) and long peripheral intravenous in 17 (27%); access failed in 15 (24%). Scalp-vein access for peripherally inserted central venous catheters offers a safe and effective alternative route for gaining central venous access in infants and newborns.

Brachiocephalic Veins↗
PubMed1998

Delayed telogen replacement in a boy's scalp.

BACKGROUND: In case the shedding telogen hair is not replaced in time by a terminal anagen hair, an empty space results. OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the phenomenon is present in prepubertal subjects. METHODS: From July 1996 to May 1997, an 8-year-old boy was submitted monthly to the phototrichogram technique. Sixty hairs were monitored throughout the study. RESULTS: 52% of all studied hairs were terminal anagen hairs throughout the study and additionally 22% were in a regular hair cycle. Vellus hairs and empty spaces were observed in 18 and 8% of follicles, respectively. In 2% of hairs, vellus hairs and empty spaces were associated. CONCLUSIONS: Vellus hairs and empty spaces are present even in children. Without gonadal androgens and expression or induction of 5alpha-reductase in the prepubertal scalp, they are unlikely to herald androgenetic alopecia (AGA) but could reflect a physiological phenomenon of 'true resting' of a small proportion of scalp hair. Androgens may increase the phenomenon which may account in part for AGA development.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1998

Pediatric intracranial epidural abscess secondary to an infected scalp vein catheter.

The authors present a case of a 5-week-old infant developing a retrotorcular epidural abscess as a result of an infected scalp vein catheter. The abscess developed in the absence of sinusitis, otitis, trauma, or prior surgery. The diagnosis of epidural abscess was made on the basis of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound-guided aspiration of the fluid collection. An identified strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis was cultured from both the intravenous catheter and the abscess. The patient underwent a suboccipital craniectomy with drainage of the abscess and a 6-week total course of intravenous antibiotics. Magnetic resonance imaging 4 months after the procedure and 2.5-year pediatric clinic follow-up have demonstrated no evidence of neurologic deficit or recurrence. When present, a scalp vein catheter must be considered as an etiologic agent for an intracranial epidural abscess in this age-group.

Brain Abscess↗
PubMed1994

Cell kinetics of anagen scalp hairs under physiological and pathological conditions.

The cell kinetics of anagen scalp hair bulbs taken by punch biopsies from healthy male volunteers (n = 50) were determined at defined bulbar hair segments using microdissection and DNA flow cytometry. The highest proliferative activity (S phase) was measured within the lower most bulbar segment (14.0%) but decreased to the Auber's segment (7.6%) and to the isthmus segment (5.9%). The results support histoautoradiographic data demonstrating most of the proliferative activity in the hair bulb below the Auber's level [1]. Furthermore, cell kinetic data of dissected anagen hair bulbs segmented at Auber's level from an androgen-sensitive scalp area were studied in male pattern baldness (n = 15, Hamilton IV) and hirsutism (n = 13). The results revealed a significant increase of S phase cells in male pattern baldness (8.9%) compared to healthy males (n = 10, 7.9%) as well as in hirsutism (10.2%) compared to healthy females (n = 10, 7.5%). In hirsutism the percentages of S phase cells ran parallel to the plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate whereas no correlation to testosterone could be proved. Similar, 6 hypothyroid and 6 hyperthyroid patients were studied. In hyperthyroidism an increase of S phase values (10.3%) was found, while it decreased in hypothyroidism (6.1%). A correlation between the height of S phase and plasma triiodothyronine level was noted. Our studies demonstrate that DNA flow cytometry is a suitable method for the evaluation of physiological or hormonal influences on cell cycle kinetics of human anagen hair bulbs in vivo.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1997

Mechanical behaviour of scalp hair in premature and full-term neonates.

Using a new computerized methodological procedure a separate analysis and a quantitative determination of the viscous and elastic parameters of the scalp hair shaft were performed in 37 neonates of both sexes with a gestational age of 28-29 weeks (n = 16) and 39-40 weeks (n = 21), respectively. A statistically significant (p < 0.001) decrease in the values of modulus of elasticity (E alpha) was found in the hair shaft of premature neonates, as compared to the full-term ones, whereas the values of post yield slope (E beta) and of SDIS/SSTOR (viscous parameter) did not significantly differ in the two groups. The decrease in modulus of elasticity in the hair shaft of premature neonates may be interpreted in terms of an insufficient number of disulphide bonds between the alpha-helical keratin units of the hair cortex or of a disordered arrangement of microfibrils within the matrix. Further studies are now warranted to determine the pattern of mechanical parameters of the scalp hair shaft in large numbers of newborn infants of different gestational ages and to answer the question as to whether this pattern might be useful in the accurate postnatal assessment of fetal maturation.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1996

Differential diagnosis of scalp trichilemmal cyst on MRI.

The characteristic MRI of scalp trichilemmal cysts is reported. The feature of an iso-intense area on T1-weighted images is unique to trichilemmal cysts. MRI is helpful in diagnosing the trichilemmal cyst and useful in distinguishing cystic tumors on the median scalp from a cranial malformation, meningo- or encephalocele.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Hereditary hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp.

We report on a female aged 13 years, whose scalp hair began to disappear at the age of 9 years, leaving only sparse wispy hairs in the parietal-occipital region. Eyelashes, eyebrows and body hair were unaffected. There were no signs of ectodermal dysplasia on the skin, nails, teeth and eyes nor other congenital abnormalities. The family pedigree showed 15 relatives similarly affected according to an autosomal dominant mode of transmission. Clinical, genetic, histological and ultrastructural aspects led to a diagnosis of hereditary hypotrichosis simplex of the scalp (Toribio-Quiñones type).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Primary cutis verticis gyrata or pachydermia verticis gyrata: a peculiar scalp disorder of mentally retarded adult males.

BACKGROUND: Primary or idiopathic cutis verticis gyrata (CVG) is often associated with mental retardation or chronic schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of primary CVG and its histological aspects in a psychiatric adult population. METHODS: Eighty-three hospitalized psychiatric adult patients were examined for the primary form of CVG. Forty-nine (44 males and 5 females) out of them were schizophrenic, 16 (14 males and 2 females) were mentally retarded and the remaining 18 were affected by different psychiatric disorders. RESULTS: Three males, 2 mentally retarded and 1 schizophrenic, were found to be affected and the clinical diagnosis was confirmed histologically. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of primary CVG in males with mental retardation might be explained by ethnic factors or by the use of an adequate diagnostic methodology, improved by shaving the scalp hair in patients suspected to be affected. The term pachydermia verticis gyrata is suggested for the primary CVG, which is the most common scalp disorder in such a population.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Familial aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp without other defects in 6 members of three successive generations.

Six cases of isolated aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp among family members over three successive generations are described suggesting an autosomal dominant inheritance. Five family members were examined in our clinic while one member is abroad. A review of the literature concerning isolated congenital aplasia cutis of the scalp in three or more generations is done.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Additional effect of grenz rays on psoriasis lesions of the scalp treated with topical corticosteroids.

In a double-blind study comprising 17 patients with symmetrical psoriasis lesions of the scalp, the combination of grenz ray treatment and topical steroid showed a faster clearing than with the topical steroid alone. The results also indicate a longer remission time with the combination therapy compared to grenz rays alone. Therefore both the faster clearing and the longer remission time with the combination therapy, as compared to our previous study of grenz ray treatment of scalp psoriasis, are probably due to the additional effect of steroid therapy, on grenz rays.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1986

Hodgkin's disease presenting with superficial lymph nodes and tumors of the scalp.

Invasion of the skin by malignant cells in Hodgkin's disease is a rare occurrence and less common than skin involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We describe a 36-year-old man with Hodgkin's disease who presented with superficial lymph nodes and tumors on the scalp as initial clinical findings. Biopsy of a tumor of the scalp showed a diffuse dermal infiltrate composed of polynuclear neutrophils and eosinophils, large lymphocytes, and Sternberg-Reed cells. Ultrastructural examination of the skin biopsy specimens demonstrated the characteristic morphology of the Sternberg-Reed cells.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The surgical removal and repair of large scalp lesions.

Cancer of the scalp usually presents itself as a superficial lesion which is first noticed by the patient. However, there is often a long delay on the part of the individual in seeking medical attention. When he finally does seek medical attention, his tumors are often undertreated and require multiple procedures. This paper discusses the surgical resection that depends upon the depth of tumor penetration, the modalities of reconstruction, and our experiences with CO2 laser resection of a large scalp lesion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Comparison of topical treatment with desoxymethasone solution 0.25% with salicylic acid 1% and betamethasone valerate solution 0.1% in patients with psoriasis of the scalp.

A new preparation for treatment of psoriasis of the scalp, containing desoxymethasone 0.25%, salicylic acid 1% and polyol-fatty esters in ethanolic solution (Ibaril) was tested in patients with psoriasis of the scalp. In a double-blind study comprising forty patients there was a significant difference in favour of this solution in comparison with betamethasone valerate solution, 0.1% (Betnovat) after 2 weeks of treatment.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Effect of scalp block on postoperative pain relief in craniotomy patients.

The efficacy of scalp nerve block using 0.5% bupivacaine with adrenaline for postoperative pain relief in craniotomy patients was evaluated in 40 ASA I or II adult patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy. A standard general anaesthesia technique was followed. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group B received 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:400,000 adrenaline and group S received normal saline with 1:400,000 adrenaline, both after skin closure. Postoperative pain was assessed at 30 seconds and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 hours using a numerical rating scale. Diclofenac IM was administered as rescue analgesia if patients reported a numerical rating scale of 40 or more. Tramadol IV was administered as second rescue analgesia. Sixty per cent of patients in group S experienced moderate to severe pain (numerical rating scale of 40 or more) at some time during the first 12 postoperative hours in comparison to 25% patients in group B. Median pain scores were significantly lower in group B for up to 6 hours. Significantly more patients were pain free up to four hours in group B. Median duration for the requirement of first dose of diclofenac was longer in group B compared to group S (360 min vs 30 min, P < 0.01). The number of doses of diclofenac (5 vs 19) was significantly lower in group B compared to group S (P < 0.01). Tramadol was required by six patients in group S only. Scalp nerve block using 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:400,000 adrenaline decreases the incidence and severity of postoperative pain in patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy.

Adrenergic Agonists↗