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PubMed2006

In-vitro mutagenic potential and effect on permeability of co-administered drugs across Caco-2 cell monolayers of Rubus idaeus and its fortified fractions.

This study investigated the mutagenic, anti-mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of acetone extract of raspberry, Rubus idaeus L. (v. Ottawa) Rosaceae, and the isolated and characterized ellagitannin and anthocyanin fractions thereof, suitable for food applications. The studied raspberry extract and fractions did not show any mutagenic effects determined in the miniaturized Ames test and were not cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells at the used concentrations. However, the anti-mutagenic properties were changed (i.e. decreased mutagenicity of 2-nitrofluorene in strain TA98, and slightly increased mutagenicity of 2-aminoanthracene in strain TA100) with metabolic activation. Further, their influence on the permeability of co-administered common drugs (ketoprofen, paracetamol, metoprolol and verapamil) across Caco-2 monolayers was evaluated. The apical-to-basolateral permeability of highly permeable verapamil was mostly affected (decreased) during co-administration of the raspberry extract or the ellagitannin fraction. Ketoprofen permeability was decreased by the ellagitannin fraction. Consumption of food rich in phytochemicals, as demonstrated here with chemically characterized raspberry extract and fractions, with well-absorbing drugs would seem to affect the permeability of some of these drugs depending on the components. Thus their effects on the absorption of drugs in-vivo cannot be excluded.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2006

The anti-gastropathic and anti-rheumatic effect of niga-ichigoside F1 and 23-hydroxytormentic acid isolated from the unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus in a rat model.

This study was undertaken to produce the clinical merits of two natural antinociceptive anti-inflammatory triterpenoids which synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs do not have. The triterpenoid glycoside niga-ichigoside F1 (NIF1) and its aglycone 23-hydroxytormentic acid (23-HTA), which were isolated from the unripe fruits of Rubus coreanus (Rosaceae), reduced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) factor and C-reactive protein (CRP) factor in Freund's complete adjuvant reagent-induced rats, suggesting that these two triterpenoids had an anti-rheumatic effect. It was also shown that treatment with NIF1 or 23-HTA reduced gastric lesion extent, acidity and total gastric acid output induced by EtOH plus sodium salicylate in a gastric secretion test. Moreover, 23-HTA had a greater effect than the glycoside, NIF1. To clarify the anti-gastropathic mechanism of these two compounds, their free radical scavenging activities in the gastric mucosa were examined in a rat EtOH-sodium salicylate-induced gastropathy model. The two compounds significantly increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, indicating that the healing effects of NIF1 and 23-HTA against gastropathy are associated with free radical scavenging enzyme activities. These results support the notion that the long-term administration of NIF1 or 23-HTA should overcome the adverse effects of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

A new acylated triterpene from the roots of Chaenomeles japonica.

A new acylated triterpene together with prunasin, (-)-epicatechin, daucosterol, and three triterpenes, ursolic, oleanolic, and pomolic acids was isolated from the root of Chaenomeles japonica (THUNB.) LINDL. (Rosaceae) and determined to be 3-O-(E)-3, 5-dihydroxycinnamoylursolic acid on the basis of NMR and FAB-MS experiments.

Acylation↗
PubMed2006

Evaluation of digital skin images submitted by patients who received practical training or an online tutorial.

We evaluated the ability of subjects to capture and submit teledermatology images with a digital camera. We also examined whether participants who received individual training sessions would capture better-quality images than participants who were provided only with self-training. Fifty participants were randomized between in-person training and self-training via an online tutorial. The majority of participants were young, well educated women. Two dermatologists reading the images for quality indicators had high agreement that digital images acquired were of high quality: images were well framed, appropriately bright, in focus and did not have a shadow. There was moderate agreement on diagnosis-related indicators, such as the presence or absence of pustules or papules and acne versus rosacea. There was no difference in the image-quality attributes between participants personally trained and those trained with the online tutorial. Subjects participating in this study were able to acquire images of good quality, irrespective of whether they received practical training or used an online tutorial.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2006

Molecular modeling of pathogenesis-related proteins of family 5.

The family of pathogenesis-related (PR) 5 proteins have diverse functions, and some of them are classified as thaumatins, osmotins, and inhibitors of alpha-amylase or trypsin. Although the specific function of many PR5 in plants is unknown, they are involved in the acquired systemic resistance and response to biotic stress, causing the inhibition of hyphal growth and reduction of spore germination, probably by a membrane permeabilization mechanism or by interaction with pathogen receptors. We have constructed three-dimensional models of four proteins belonging to the Rosaceae and Fagaceae botanical families by using the technique of comparative molecular modelling by homology. There are four main structural differences between all the PR5, corresponding to regions with replacements of amino acids. Folding and the secondary structures are very similar for all of them. However, the isoelectric point and charge distributions differ for each protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Isotretinoin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in acne and other skin disorders.

Isotretinoin is a new orally active retinoic acid derivative for the treatment of severe refractory nodulocystic acne. The pharmacological profile of isotretinoin suggests that it acts primarily by reducing sebaceous gland size and sebum production, and as a result alters skin surface lipid composition. Bacterial skin microflora is reduced, probably as a result of altered sebaceous factors. Isotretinoin 1 to 2 mg/kg/day for 3 to 4 months produces 60 to 95% clearance of inflammatory lesions in patients with severe, recalcitrant nodulocystic acne, with evidence of continued healing and prolonged remissions in many patients after treatment withdrawal. Doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg/day have also proven successful in the clearance of lesions; however, with such low doses the duration of remission after discontinuation of therapy is usually shorter. Encouraging results have also been seen in small numbers of patients with rosacea, Gram-negative folliculitis, Darier's disease, ichthyosis and pityriasis rubra pilaris, the response in keratinising disorders resembling that with the related drug etretinate. While long term follow-up studies in these patients have not been reported, prolonged remission after withdrawal of isotretinoin in disorders of keratinisation is unlikely, as with other drugs used in these conditions. Isotretinoin is only partially effective in psoriasis, in contrast to etretinate which is very effective in psoriasis but ineffective in severe acne. Some encouraging results have also been reported with isotretinoin in patients with squamous and basal cell carcinomas, but isotretinoin has proven unsuccessful in non-squamous cell epithelial and non-epithelial cancer. Side effects affecting the mucocutaneous system occur in nearly all patients receiving isotretinoin, but rarely lead to drug withdrawal. Raised serum triglyceride levels are also commonly reported. The possibility of long term spinal or skeletal bone toxicity may restrict the use of isotretinoin in severe disorders of keratinisation requiring prolonged administration. Isotretinoin is strictly contraindicated in women of childbearing potential due to its severe teratogenic properties, unless an effective form of contraception is used. Thus, isotretinoin offers an effective advance on the treatment options available in a difficult therapeutic area - those patients with severe, nodulocystic acne not responding to 'traditional' therapy.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2005

Non-acne dermatologic indications for systemic isotretinoin.

Systemic isotretinoin has been used to treat severe acne vulgaris for 20 years. However, isotretinoin also represents a potentially useful choice of drugs in many dermatologic diseases other than acne vulgaris. Diseases such as psoriasis, pityriasis rubra pilaris, condylomata acuminata, skin cancers, rosacea, hidradenitis suppurativa, granuloma annulare, lupus erythematosus and lichen planus have been shown to respond to the immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities of the drug. Isotretinoin also helps prevent skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma. A combination of systemic isotretinoin and interferon-alpha-2a may provide a more potent effect than isotretinoin alone in the prevention and treatment of skin cancers.Systemic isotretinoin may be considered as an alternative drug in some dermatologic diseases unresponsive to conventional treatment modalities. However, randomized clinical trials aimed at determining the role of systemic isotretinoin therapy in dermatologic diseases other than acne vulgaris are required.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2004

Therapeutic constituents and actions of Rubus species.

Rubus species (family Rosaceae) have been cultivated for centuries for their fruits. These and other parts of the plants have been used traditionally for therapeutic purposes. This article highlights these and the potential they can offer. The constituents reported in the various species and those demonstrated to exhibit pharmacological properties have been reviewed. In the search for biologically active compounds, one of the most frequently documented species of the genus is the raspberry plant R. idaeus, the leaves of which have been used traditionally as a uterine relaxant and stimulant during confinement, for the treatment of diarrhoea and similar enteric disorders and as an astringent. Investigations of other Rubus species have been conducted in the last twenty-five years, and have shown possible application for a wide range of indications, including bacterial infections, anxiety, pain and inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Treatment of pyoderma faciale with isotretinoin in a patient with ulcerative colitis.

The explosive onset of fluctuant facial papulonodules, usually in young women, is characteristic of pyoderma faciale. This disorder is neither a true pyoderma nor a variant of acne, but rather a severe form of rosacea. The most effective therapeutic modality appears to be isotretinoin, especially if preceded by a brief course of oral corticosteroids or a short interval of application of potent topical corticosteroids. Despite our concern about the potential adverse effects of systemic retinoids on underlying inflammatory bowel disease, isotretinoin was given to a patient with refractory pyoderma faciale. Response was dramatic, and no ill effects were encountered.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

The role of antibody to human beta4 integrin in conjunctival basement membrane separation: possible in vitro model for ocular cicatricial pemphigoid.

PURPOSE: To demonstrate the specific binding of autoantibodies present in the sera of patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP) to human beta4 integrin present in the normal human conjunctiva (NHC) and to study the role of OCP autoantibodies and antibody to human beta4 integrin in the pathogenesis of subepithelial lesion formation in OCP. METHODS: Indirect immunofluorescence assay and in vitro organ culture method using NHC were used. Sera and IgG fractions from 10 patients with OCP; immunoaffinity-purified OCP autoantibody; antibodies to human beta4, beta1, alpha6, and alpha5 integrins; and sera from patients with pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid (BP), and chronic atopic and chronic ocular rosacea cicatrizing conjunctivitis; and normal human serum (NHS) were used. RESULTS: Nine of 10 OCP sera or IgG fractions, immunoaffinity-purified OCP autoantibody, antibodies to human beta4 and alpha6 integrins, and sera from patients with BP showed homogenous, smooth linear binding along the basement membrane zone (BMZ) of the NHC. NHS, antibodies to other integrins, and sera from patients with chronic cicatrizing conjunctivitis from other causes showed no such binding. When NHC was first absorbed with OCP sera and then reacted with anti-beta4 antibodies or vice versa, the intensity of the BMZ binding was dramatically reduced or completely eliminated, indicating that there were autoantibodies in OCP sera specific for the beta4 integrin. BMZ separation developed 48 to 72 hours after addition of total OCP sera, IgG fractions from OCP sera, immunoaffinity-purified autoantibodies from sera of patients with OCP, or anti-beta4 antibodies to the NHC cultures, but not after addition of normal control sera, sera from patients with chronic cicatrizing conjunctivitis from causes other than OCP, or sera from patients with OCP in clinical remission. CONCLUSION: Circulating anti-beta4 integrin antibody may have an important role in the pathogenesis of OCP.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed2001

[Constituents of the leaves of Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim].

The paper deals with the isolation of constituents from light petrol and methanol extracts of the leaves of Holodiscus discolor (PURSH) MAXIM., Rosaceae. beta-sitosterol and taraxasterol were isolated from the light petrol extract, luteolin-7-O-glucoside was isolated from the methanol extract. The isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic means and by comparison with authentic samples.

Flavonoids↗
PubMed2001

Aphid pests of strawberry crops and their parasitoids in France.

The pest status of aphids on strawberry crops has changed with time. They were mainly considered with respect to virus transmission. Now, they are rather considered as sap-feeders and honeydew producers. As such, low populations regulated by natural enemies can be tolerated and systematic use of insecticides avoided. A survey of the species present in the different areas of production has been undertaken during 1999 and 2000 in France. During this survey, well known species of the strawberry crops have been found, like Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Aphis forbesi or Acyrthosiphon rogersii. Widely polyphagous species like Aphis gossypii, Aulacorthum solani, Myzus ascalonicus or Macrosiphum euphorbiae were also present quite often. Eventually, aphids of the Rosaceae, not considered before as important pests of the strawberries, like Rhodobium porosum, have also been found in many different areas. The biology of the different species and their natural enemies have to be taken into account with respect to integrated control of strawberry pests.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

[The role of Helicobacter pyroli in the development of skin diseases].

The paper presents the current state-of-the-art concerning the effect of Helicobacter pyroli infection on the progress of some skin diseases (Raynaud's disease, purpura hyperergica, rosacea, prurigo nodularis, atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria). The attention was turned to the lack of unanimity among authors respective to the effect of Helicobacter pylori on the progress of some skin diseases, especially those of allergic etiology. The methods of bacteria identification were discussed. The methods are as follows: invasive tests involving endoscopy of the upper segment of the alimentary tract--a traumatic test, histologic examination and bacteria culture as well as noninvasive tests: respiratory test and serological tests able to detect the humoral response to infection or examination of the bacteria genetic material by means of PCR. The therapeutic methods used to eradicate effectively the infection, recommended by the Working Group of the Polish Association of Gastroenterology (a three-component treatment for seven days--a drug able to diminish gastric secretion and two antibiotics) are also discussed.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Potential future dermatological indications for tacrolimus ointment.

Tacrolimus ointment is a steroid-free topical immunomodulator developed for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, a common, chronic inflammatory skin disease. By inhibiting T-cell activation and cytokine production, topically applied tacrolimus modulates inflammatory responses in the skin. Numerous clinical trials have shown that it is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, its licensed indication. In addition, numerous publications suggest that tacrolimus ointment may provide effective treatment for a variety of other inflammatory skin disorders, many of which are very difficult to manage with standard therapy. This paper reviews currently available evidence regarding the use of tacrolimus ointment in a range of dermatological disorders, including psoriasis, lichen planus, pyoderma gangrenosum, lichen sclerosus, contact dermatitis, leg ulcers in rheumatoid arthritis, steroid-induced rosacea and alopecia areata. It also provides recommendations for future clinical studies with tacrolimus ointment.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of sulfur in dermatology.

Sulfur has antifungal, antibacterial, and keratolytic activity. In the past, its use was widespread in dermatological disorders such as acne vulgaris, rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, pityriasis versicolor, scabies, and warts. Adverse events associated with topically applied sulfur are rare and mainly involve mild application site reactions. Sulfur, used alone or in combination with agents such as sodium sulfacetamide or salicylic acid, has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of many dermatological conditions.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2005

Evidence-based dermatology.

Evidence-based dermatology (EBD) is the application of the principles of evidence-based medicine to the diagnosis and treatment of skin disorders. EBD does not discount the individual dermatologist's clinical judgment. In fact, EBD is based on the interaction of external evidence, the physician's clinical experience, and the patient's experience. Randomized controlled trials constitute one of the highest levels of evidence and are the gold standard for validating a therapeutic intervention. For the treatment of rosacea, oral tetracycline, topical metronidazole, topical azelaic acid, and topical sulfur/sodium sulfacetamide have been validated by more than one randomized controlled trial.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2006

The evolution of azelaic acid.

Azelaic acid (AzA) is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid that has a long and complex history in the treatment of skin disorders. We summarize research on AzA from the past 25 years and follow its progress from a treatment of hyperpigmentation to a therapy for acne vulgaris and inflammatory (papulopustular) rosacea.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed2006

Gel vehicles are not inherently more irritating than creams.

BACKGROUND: It has been thought that topical gels are inherently more irritating than topical creams. Nevertheless, the irritancies of topical products are potentially quite variable, and a priori assumptions about relative irritancy of gels versus creams may not be accurate. PURPOSE: To determine whether a metronidazole gel formulation is more or less irritating to the skin compared to metronidazole creams. METHODS: A total of 32 normal, healthy volunteers were tested using irritancy patches with 0.75% metronidazole gel and cream, 1% metronidazole cream, and petrolatum (used as the "negative control"). Blinded observers evaluated the application sites for signs of irritancy. A numerical score was assigned to these irritancy patch sites each day for 21 days, or until significant irritation developed, and cumulative irritancy scores were calculated for the study period. A mixed model of variance analysis was performed. RESULTS: After 21 days of evaluation, analysis of the mean cumulative irritancy scores for each of the agents used showed there to be no statistical difference in irritancy potential between the metronidazole gel and the metronidazole creams. However, the 1% metronidazole cream was significantly more irritating than petrolatum. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the cumulative irritancy potential of cream and gel preparations of metronidazole. The irritancy of topical formulations for treating rosacea should be considered on a case by case basis.

Administration, Cutaneous↗