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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in children and young adults in the Cook Islands.

The prevalence of developmental defects of enamel of 1,417 Cook Island children aged 9-20 years on the island of Rarotonga was recorded in 1987. The labial surfaces of the 12 anterior teeth were examined and classified using the modified Developmental Defects of Enamel Index (DDE). At least 1 tooth with defective enamel was seen in 403 (28.4 percent) of subjects; 7.1 percent of all teeth were affected. These results show overall an intermediate prevalence in comparison with studies in other countries. The three most prevalent defects were: diffuse patchy opacities (2.4 percent of all teeth), demarcated white-cream opacities (1.6 percent), and hypoplasias (1.2 percent). The upper central incisors were the teeth most frequently affected. The prevalence of defects did not differ by age or sex. Most defects (40 percent) were located over the incisal third of the labial surface, and affected less than one-third of the labial tooth surface (76 percent).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Progress of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes mellitus among Niueans.

Noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a major public health problem among Polynesians in the South Pacific. The prevalence of NIDDM on Niue Island is higher than other Pacific Islands and is increasing. NIDDM is preceded by a state of impaired glucose tolerance in some cases. Progress to NIDDM is associated with certain factors that are modifiable. In 1980, the South Pacific Commission conducted a metabolic disease survey on Niue. Sixty-one people were diagnosed as having impaired glucose tolerance. In 1985, 48 of these people (all those still on the island) were reexamined. Demographic, biological and indicators of westernisation were recorded. Thirty-one percent (6% per year) had progressed to diabetes mellitus. This was higher than rates described elsewhere but comparable with the rates described among the Pima Indians. Younger age, skilled occupations, high socioeconomic status and higher overall modernity were associated with progression to NIDDM.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Kawasaki disease in Auckland, 1979-1988.

Records of 34 children diagnosed as having Kawasaki disease in the Auckland region from 1979 to 1988 inclusive were reviewed. Diagnostic and associated features were similar to those reported from North America and Japan. The incidence (average 5.1 per year per 100,000 less than 5 years of age) was similar to that reported in Europe and North America amongst nonorientals and was similar in Polynesians and nonPolynesians. Coronary artery abnormalities were found in five cases (15%), and two cases, both of whom presented before five months of age, died. Those with abnormal coronary arteries had fever for a significantly longer period than those with normal coronary arteries.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1989

Alpha thalassaemia in the Maori: a family study.

Twelve members of a Maori family were investigated for alpha-thalassaemia after a provisional diagnosis of thalassaemia had been made on the basis of chronic hypochromic microcytic red cell indices. Ten family members were shown to have the 3.7 kb deletion form of alpha-thalassaemia; two of these were homozygous for this deletion (-alpha/-alpha); eight had the single deletion (-alpha/alpha alpha). While anaemia was not a significant finding, the degree of hypochromicity and microcytosis correlated well with the alpha globin gene status of individual family members. This and other studies provide evidence that alpha-thalassaemia is a significant contributor to the chronic mild anaemia of the Maori.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Phenylalanine hydroxylase gene haplotypes in Polynesians: evolutionary origins and absence of alleles associated with severe phenylketonuria.

A total of 630 haplotypes for the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene locus were established in five groups of Polynesians comprising Samoans, Tongans, Cook Islanders, Maori, and Niueans. Considerable genetic continuity was demonstrated between these widely dispersed populations, since three common haplotypes (4, 1, and 7) constituted over 95% of alleles. A control group of individuals from Southeast Asia shared the same major haplotypes, 4, 1, and 7, with Polynesians. These data provide further support for the theories of genetic homogeneity and of Asian affinities of the Polynesian precursor populations. The absence of severe phenylketonuria (PKU) in both Polynesians and Southeast Asians is consistent with the lack of PAH haplotypes 2 and 3, on which the severe PKU mutants have arisen among Caucasians.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1989

A race nearly lost.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1977

Serum levels of immunoglobulins A, G and M in New Zealand and Tokelauan children.

Serum levels of immunoglobulins A, G and M are described in a group of New Zealand (NZ) children of European descent. These findings are used as reference standards for three groups of Tokelauan children, atoll residents, migrants in NZ, and NZ-born Tokelauan children. All three Tokelauan groups had high levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM. Breast feeding was diminished and morbidity was higher in the NZ-born group. The IgG level was negatively correlated with duration of breast feeding in this group. In the atoll group IgG was related to present illness but no other consistent relationships were found between present illness status and the immunoglobulin levels. It remains unclear whether the high Tokelauan immunoglobulin levels are genetically or environmentally determined.

Breast Feeding↗
PubMed1989

Maoris take up the fight against ill health.

The beginnings of grass-roots primary care are taking shape in New Zealand's Maori community. By referring to a scheme initiated in the Waikato area, the authors explain the difficulties encountered by this ethnic minority in striving towards self-help in matters of health.

Community Health Services↗