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PubMed1994

A new tumor marker for bladder cancer.

Biochemical assay and immunohistochemical staining of neutral endopeptidase were performed on bladder cancer cells. In superficial bladder cancer the enzyme activity and immunohistochemical intensity of staining were high, while invasive bladder cancer showed only a low level of activity. This finding suggests that neutral endopeptidase is expressed at a certain stage of cell differentiation, during the neoplastic process in the bladder. Gene expression is assumed to be closely correlated with this mechanism. From the results of this study neutral endopeptidase will serve as a new tumor marker for bladder cancer as well as acute lymphatic leukemia.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1982

Large bowel cancer: an overview.

Cancer of the large bowel is a problem of international scope but with wide national incidence variations possibly related to climatic factors. Neither etiologic studies nor improved methods of early detection have thus far had an impact on national death rates. Surgical treatment, while comparatively effective, does not promise a significant increase in survival data, and thus far, adjuvant therapies have failed to fulfill early enthusiastic expectations. Nevertheless, continued research pursuit of the nature of the neoplastic process, development and application of improved diagnostic and screening methods, and synthesis of better combined modality therapy, will result in substantial improvements in therapeutic results.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2006

Anal ulceration associated with Nicorandil: case series and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Use of Nicorandil in the treatment of ischaemic heart disease has been associated with oral, ileal and more recently anal ulceration. We report a series of six cases of peri-anal ulceration in patients on nicorandil therapy, their response to withdrawal of the drug and review the literature. METHODOLOGY: Systematic case note review of all patients with anal ulceration presenting to a single colorectal unit. Including detailed medical and drug history, morphological and histological appearances of the peri-anal ulcer after biopsy. Nicorandil therapy stopped in conjunction with physician and the progress of the ulcer monitored. Photographs taken before and after cessation of Nicorandil after informed consent. A literature search on Nicorandil combined with the key words: anal, peri-anal, ulceration and adverse drug effects was performed using the Cochrane Library Medline (January 1966 to June 2005) and Embase (January 1974 to June, 2005). RESULTS: Six patients were identified from our hospital records. Histological examination of all ulcers revealed nonspecific chronic inflammation. Five patients demonstrated healing of ulceration within six weeks of withdrawal of Nicorandil, the remaining patient had circumferential involvement of the anal canal and has not improved at 3-month review. One patient was recommenced on Nicorandil after healing due to refractory angina and ulceration recurred. CONCLUSIONS: We believe ulceration due to Nicorandil remains widely under diagnosed and the mechanism of ulceration is unclear. Despite diversion colostomy one of our patients continued with peri-anal ulceration, which may suggest a systemic mechanism rather than local irritation. Biopsy of these lesions is essential to exclude neoplastic process and inflammatory bowel disease.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Genesis of papillary tumours: histological and microangiographic study.

The technique developed to study the microangiography of healthy bladders has been applied to study the known vagaries of papillary tumours their associated changes and their genesis. Epithelial hyperplasia (reactive hyperplasia), which develops as a from mucosal self-defence, is a general, non-specific tissue response to an adverse environment. The conversion of reactive hyperplasia into reactive autonomy represents the neoplastic process. The growth of abnormal arteries precedes the development of tumours. A papillary tumour results from a symbiotic growth relationship between such an abnormal artery and the overlying normal or hyperplastic epithelium. All known vagaries of papillary tumours have been studied.

Angiography↗
PubMed2006

Melatonin cytotoxicity in human leukemia cells: relation with its pro-oxidant effect.

Melatonin has a variety of functions in human physiology and is involved in a number of pathological events including neoplastic processes. The tissue protective actions of melatonin are attributed to its antioxidant activity though, under certain conditions, melatonin might also exert oxidant effects, particularly in cancer cells. This study evaluated the effects of 10(-5) and 10(-3) m concentrations of melatonin on human leukemia cells. Moderate cytotoxic effects of melatonin at 10(-3) m concentrations were observed in CMK, Jurkat and MOLT-4 cells which was associated with significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Melatonin treatment was not associated with significant cytotoxicity in HL-60 cells, although the generation of ROS was significantly increased. K562 and Daudi cells did not appear to be effected by melatonin treatment. Cellular membrane lipid peroxidation was not influenced by melatonin with the exception of CMK cells. Cell cycle kinetics were not affected in melatonin-treated samples, again with the exception of CMK cells which showed increased apoptosis. Melatonin, therefore, induces the production of ROS that may be associated with cytotoxicity depending on the concentration of melatonin in some leukemia cells and does not appear to stimulate leukemia cell growth. These pro-oxidant actions of melatonin may assist in limiting leukemic cell growth.

Apoptosis↗
PubMed1994

Endocervicosis of the urinary bladder.

A further case of endocervicosis of the urinary bladder is described. It is important that gynaecologists and pathologists be aware of this entity and its possible relationship to previous Caesarean section to avoid confusion with a neoplastic process.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Microbial findings in cancers of the breast and in their metastases to the skin. Implications for etiology.

In four cases of carcinoma of the breast, variably acid-fast coccoid forms were found in sections from their metastases to the skin and in one of these cases in sections of the primary carcinoma. In this one case, similar-appearing corcoid forms were observed within the sections of the primary malignancy. In this same case, Staphylococcus epidermidis was cultured and studied at once and as it aged for development of forms comparable to those found in the microscopic sections of the neoplastic process. The implications of the findings for etiology of carcinoma of the breast are discussed.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

Granuloma gluteale infantum: case report and review of the literature.

Granuloma gluteale infantum, a benign granulomatous eruption involving the gluteal region, histologically shows a nonspecific dermal inflammatory infiltrate composed of neutrophils, lymphocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils. It is important to recognize this condition, as it may clinically simulate a neoplastic process. It arises as a complication of primary irritant diaper dermatitis, however, and typically resolves without treatment.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1982

Adenocarcinoma of the appendix in older patients.

Acute inflammation of the appendix secondary to luminal obstruction is the chief reason for appendectomy. The rare association of a malignant neoplastic process with the inflammatory process is usually an unexpected finding and is often not diagnosed until the histologic study has been completed. Two patients with adenocarcinoma of the appendix are presented. They exemplify the diverse situations of intraoperative recognition with immediate definitive treatment, or surgical management after appendectomy alone. A review of the literature confirms the rarity of appendiceal adenocarcinoma in older patients. In this report, the pathophysiology of appendiceal carcinoma and guidelines for therapy are outlined. Emphasis is placed on the possible occurrence of a malignant appendiceal lesion in the elderly patient with acute appendicitis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

HIV-2 infection with cerebral toxoplasmosis and lymphomatoid granulomatosis.

A Nigerian man had acute onset of headache and vertigo due to a cerebellar mass. A brain biopsy of the mass revealed toxoplasmosis despite repeated negative HIV-1 serology. The presence of an opportunistic infection and his country of origin raised the suspicion for HIV-2; this was confirmed by positive HIV-2 serology. Despite his preliminary pathological diagnosis, results of physiological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (perfusion MRI and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy) were not typical for toxoplasmosis. The lesion showed a biochemical and perfusion pattern that was intermediate for infectious and neoplastic processes. Further neuropathology confirmed a secondary diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2001

Primary hepatic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of T-cell phenotype in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a report of an autopsy case and review of the literature.

Anaplastic large-cell lymphomas (ALCL) were first described by Stein et al. in 1985 as large-cell neoplasms with a pleomorphic appearance, subtotal effacement of the lymph node structure, and expression of the lymphoid activation antigen CD-30 (Ki-l). Since their first description, these tumors have been documented in a variety of extranodal sites. We report a primary hepatic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma in a patient with advanced AIDS, who presented with hepatic failure and multiple nodules in the liver. A complete autopsy showed discrete tumor nodules throughout the entire liver without gross or microscopic involvement of lymph nodes or any other organs by the neoplastic process. The tumor cells showed typical histological and immunohistochemical features of ALCL and were strongly immunoreactive with the T-cell markers CD-3 and UCHL-1. Only one previous case of primary hepatic ALCL has been reported in the literature, and this tumor occurred in an immunocompetent patient and was not immunoreactive for B- or T-cell markers. To our knowledge, this study represents the first reported case of primary hepatic anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of T-cell phenotype. Additionally, this is the first case of primary hepatic ALCL reported in an AIDS patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma (nevus): immunohistochemical findings and review of the literature.

Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma (nevus) is a rare form of congenital tumorous malformation with proliferation of eccrine secretory coils and ducts, surrounding capillary angiomatous channels and occasionally other minor elements. To date, there have been only about 24 cases reported in the literature. We report an additional case with more detailed description of the microscopic findings, including immunohistochemical observations. The patient was a 28-year-old female who presented with painless, flesh- to reddish brown-colored, violaceous or bluish subcutaneous nodules on the extremities and trunk. The tumors did not show sweating following exertion. The histologic features were comparable to the previously reported cases. The hamartomatous eccrine sweat glands and ducts and a few apocrine glands demonstrated qualitatively diminished antigens commonly found in the eccrine sweat apparatuses, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and S-100 protein. The findings of CD34, CD44, human nerve growth factor receptor and Ulex europaeus antigens have not been previously reported. The histologic features suggested a "hamartomatous" growth rather than a true neoplastic process.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Mitotic granuloma annulare: a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases.

The finding of mitotic figures in granuloma annulare (GA) has not been emphasized in the literature. We describe 20 cases of a cellular, mitotically active variant of GA; we defined this group as cases having > or = 1 mitosis per 10 hpf. Clinically, the lesions could not be distinguished from typical, localized GA: there were 9 males and 11 females with a mean patient age of 49 +/- 15 years (mean +/- SD), compared to 45 +/- 20 years in a randomly selected control group of 60 patients with GA, and no unusual sites of predilection were noted. Histologically, a classic, palisading granuloma pattern predominated (18/20 cases). Lesions were located in the mid-dermis and tended to be more cellular than typical GA. The histiocytes comprising the lesion often had enlarged nuclei and prominent nucleoli. The number of mitoses per 10 hpf was 3.0 +/- 1.5 (range 1.0-7.2), control group 0.3 +/- 0.5; occasional atypical mitotic figures were observed. The proliferative nature of these lesions was confirmed using MIB-1 staining; the percentage of MIB-1 positive cells ranged from 5%-29% (mean 15 +/- 6%). Mitotic GA must be distinguished histologically from neoplastic processes, in particular epithelioid sarcoma. We conclude that histiocytes in clinically typical GA can exhibit an increased mitotic rate. Recognition of this variant is important in order to avoid overdiagnosis of a malignant condition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Desmoplastic cutaneous leiomyosarcoma: case report and review of the literature.

We report the case of a 51-year-old man with an asymptomatic indurated plaque on the chest wall that was surgically excised and submitted for histopathological examination. Microscopically, the dermis was occupied by a neoplastic process with spindle-shaped cells arranged in longitudinal fascicles with cytologic atypia; the abundant sclerotic stroma was composed of hyaline material. Tumoral cells showed immunohistochemical reactivity to smooth muscle markers. The diagnosis was desmoplastic leiomyosarcoma of the skin. This unusual entity is identified and discussed, and we review the literature.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1975

Cytogenetic studies in myelomatosis.

Cytogenetic studies have been carried out on bone marrow aspirates from 25 patients with myelomatosis. Abnormal stem lines were present in 7 of the patients; the remainder had a diploid chromosome complement. In most patients - also in those without an abnormal clone - some metaphases had a blurred appearance similar to that seen in bone marrow aspirates from patients with acute leukaemia. In many of the chromosome preparations obtained before cytostatic therapy some metaphases with structural aberrations on the chromosomes were seen. Evidence is presented that in the patients with abnormal stem lines in the bone marrow, the chromosome abnormalities are confined to the myeloma cells and are not found in the erythrocytic or granulocytic precursors, which thus do not seem to be involved by the neoplastic process. Based on the present resuts and on a review of the relevant literature some general cytogenetic features are emphasized which may contribute to a better understainding of the disorder. Especially, it is demonstrated that in myelomatosis the cytogenetic changes are much more uniform than in other malignant disorders with the exception of chronic myeloid leukaemia.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Plasma cyclic nucleotide levels in patients with homozygous beta-thalassaemia.

To investigate the possibility that a proliferative non-neoplastic process influences extracellular cyclic nucleotide concentrations, we measured plasma cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels in 38 patients with homozygous beta-thalassaemia. This group consisted of 20 patients with thalassaemia major transfused regularly (mean pre transfusion Hb levels, 11 g/dl), and 18 patients with thalassaemia intermedia who did not require regular blood transfusion (mean Hb levels, 8.7 g/dl). In the patient group, plasma cyclic AMP levels were similar to those of 37 normal subjects matched for age and sex, whereas plasma cyclic GMP levels were markedly higher. Moreover, in the thalassaemic patients there was a significant negative correlation between plasma cyclic GMP levels and haemoglobin concentrations, suggesting that their marked erythroid hyperplasia may play a role in determining alterations in extracellular cyclic GMP levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Control of angiogenic activity in carcinogen-initiated and neoplastic hamster pouch keratinocytes and their hybrid cells.

This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that deregulated expression of the angiogenic phenotype by tumor cells is due to loss or inactivation of an angiogenesis suppressor gene(s). We used the technique of somatic cell hybridization to test the ability of untreated or chemical carcinogen-initiated hamster pouch keratinocytes, when fused to squamous epithelial neoplasms, to suppress tumor angiogenic activity by assaying hybrid-conditioned media (CM) in the avascular cornea of rat eyes. A non-angiogenic keratinocyte line, CL-2, derived from cultures of untreated epithelium and 3 lines of carcinogen-initiated keratinocytes, PN3, 5, and 7, of varying angiogenic potential were fused, using polyethylene glycol, to 3 tumorigenic, potently angiogenic, drug-resistant, hamster pouch carcinomas cell lines: HCPC-1, AW16E1-1, and AW16 E1-2. Serum-free 48-h CM from hybrid clones was prepared and assayed for angiogenic activity in rat corneas. CM from 5 hybrid clones derived from normal x neoplastic keratinocytes failed to induce an angiogenic response in 28 of 29 (97%) corneas tested. In contrast, CM from 4 hybrid clones derived from fusions between carcinogen-initiated and tumor cells were potently angiogenic in 24 of 25 (96%) corneas tested. Two angiogenesis suppressed hybrids clones were propagated in culture for an extended period of time, to permit chromosome segregation, and were found to re-express the angiogenic phenotype. These result indicate that angiogenesis is a recessive trait in normal hamster keratinocytes which is regulated in trans in these hybrid cells. It would also appear that loss or inactivation of angiogenesis suppressor function occurs early in the neoplastic process.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of collagen and elastic fibers in duct-ligated submandibular glands of mice.

Atrophy of salivary glands may occur by ductal obstruction caused by calculus, infection or neoplastic processes, or as consequence of systemic diseases and aging. In the present work, we have used histochemical methods to study the expression of elastic and collagen fibers during experimental atrophy of the submandibular gland of mice. Glandular atrophy was accompanied by a rapid increase in collagen deposition in both septal and intralobular regions. The expression of elastic fibers was not significantly altered during atrophy: a discrete increase of elastic fibers was noted only around ductal structures. The results showed that experimental ductal obstruction is a useful in vivo model to study molecular events that take part in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix during atrophy of salivary glands.

Animals↗