Parasitism by Capillaria hepatica.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “NEMATODE INFECTIONS”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Thelaziasis in cats and dogs-a case report.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
THE INCIDENCE OF HEARTWORMS AND INTESTINAL HELMINTHS IN STRAY DOGS.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
[Studies on thelaziasis in cattle in Czechoslovakia].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Animals↗
Association of a sex-related difference of Strongyloides stercoralis-specific IgG4 antibody titer with the efficacy of treatment of strongyloidiasis.
It is difficult to completely eradicate strongyloidiasis, a human intestinal nematode infection with Strongyloides stercoralis with drugs, especially in males. To find host factors involved in the response to treatment, patients infected with S. stercoralis were examined for S. stercoralis-specific antibody titers and the effect of treatment with albendazole on these titers were determined. The cure rate was slightly but not significantly lower in males than in females (P = 0.108). However, a significantly higher titer of S. stercoralis-specific IgG4 antibody was observed in males than in females (P = 0.0097), and the S. stercoralis-specific IgG4 antibody titer was significantly higher in the male non-cured group than in the cured group (P = 0.035). These results suggest that elevation of the S. stercoralis-specific IgG4 antibody titer is associated with resistance to treatment of S. stercoralis infection, especially in males.
Animals↗
Nematodes and liver fluke in New Zealand.
A general review of the epidemiology, significance and control of nematode parasitism of sheep, goats, cattle and deer in New Zealand, the emergence of anthelmintic resistance and its effects, and the search for parasite control strategies that reduce reliance on anthelmintic use, is provided. The research that has formed the basis for present levels of understanding of this complex and important topic is summarised and sources of further information are indicated. Aspects of nematode infections of horses, pigs, dogs and cats, and the history of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica, in New Zealand are also reviewed briefly.
Journal Article↗
Screening of Veronica anthelmintica seed and Embella ribes fruit mixed in equal parts against gastrointestinal nematodes.
The antinematodal activity of a mixed prescription of Veronia anthelmintica seed (Kali zeeri) and Embelia ribes fruit (Babrang) was evaluated in goats. The EPG (Egg per gram) counts were made in the faeces before and on the 3rd, 10th and 15th days of the treatment with the powder in 0.5, 1 and 2 g/kg body weight doses and with the water and methanol extracts equivalent to 2 g/kg of the original powder. The evaluation of data on 15th day of the administration showed that 2 g/kg of powder, its equivalent amount of methanol extract and 0.01 g/kg of morantel tartrate are equally effective and safe in treating natural gastrointestinal nematode infection of the local goats.
Journal Article↗
Identification and molecular cloning of a novel mouse mucosal mast cell serine protease.
A novel 28,000 Mr serine protease, designated mouse mast cell protease-2 (MMCP-2), that is stored in the secretory granules of Kirsten sarcoma virus-immortalized mouse mast cells (KiSV-MC) has been identified and its NH2-terminal amino acid sequence has been determined. Analysis of a 953-base pair cDNA that encodes MMCP-2 revealed that this serine protease is a basically charged protein, possessing the histidine-aspartic acid-serine charge relay system that is characteristic of other serine proteases. DNA blot analysis using the full-length MMCP-2 cDNA indicated the existence of a family of highly related serine protease genes in the mouse genome. When the same DNA blot was probed with the 149-base pair KpnI----3' fragment of the cDNA, the probe hybridized to a single DNA fragment, thereby demonstrating that this 3' fragment could be used as a gene-specific probe. The presence of high levels of the MMCP-2 mRNA transcript in the intestines of nematode-infected mice, and its absence in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells and peritoneal cavity-derived connective tissue mast cells, suggest that this member of the mouse mast cell protease family is preferentially expressed late in the differentiation of mucosal mast cells.
Amino Acid Sequence↗
[Filariasis control: entry point for other helminthiasis control programs?].
Filariasis control programs are based on a decentralized drug distribution strategy known as "community-directed". This strategy could also be applied to the control of schistosomiasis and intestinal nematode infections. Integration of these control programs could be highly cost-effective. However, as a prerequisite for integration, it would be necessary to identify zones where these helminthic infections co-exist, specify the population categories that should receive each medication (ivermectin, albendazole, mebendazole, and praziquantel), check that combined administration of these drugs is safe and ensure that an integrated program would have no detrimental effect on the health care system and on the efficacy of ongoing programs.
Anthelmintics↗
Intestinal helminthiasis and abdominal symptoms in adults.
In a study to test the association between soil transmitted intestinal helminthiasis and abdominal symptoms in a non-paediatric age group, 242 randomly selected patients (137 males, 105 females, median age 45 years) were asked specific questions pertaining to abdominal symptoms at the time of admission to the adult medical wards. Stool examination on all patients revealed a round worm prevalence rate of 21%. A larger proportion of stool positive female patients were symptomatic than stool negative females (68% vs 30%, p = 0.04). There was no significant difference in symptoms between stool positive and stool negative male patients (34.6% vs 31%, p = 0.91). The results suggested an association between intestinal nematode infection and abdominal symptoms in females but not in males.
Abdominal Pain↗
The impact of inadequate sanitary conditions on health in developing countries.
One of the achievements of the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-1990) is a better understanding of the relationship between poor sanitary conditions and health. This article reviews current knowledge of the major water- and excreta-related diseases and the potential impact of improved sanitary facilities on health. Four health indicators are considered--diarrhoeal diseases, soil-transmitted nematode infections, dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease) and nutritional status. These constitute some of the major health problems in the developing world. Although there are large variations in morbidity and mortality rates both between and within geographical areas, some global estimates are presented. Children under 5 experience an average of 3.4 episodes of diarrhoea per year and a diarrhoeal mortality rate estimated at 12 per 1,000, leading to 4 million diarrhoea-associated deaths per year. Diarrhoea may also be associated with a sizeable proportion of adult deaths. Approximately 1,000 million people are believed to be infected with Ascaris lumbricoides, 900 million with hookworms and 500 million with Trichuris trichiura. Dracunculiasis, primarily occurring in remote rural areas, is known to be greatly underreported, but estimates suggest that 10 million people are infected each year. Malnutrition is widely prevalent and a common cause or associated cause of child death. The complex issues involved in measuring the health impact of improved sanitary facilities and the mechanisms by which these impacts may occur are discussed. These complexities, plus the differences in sanitary improvements and environmental settings, and the diverse nature of the health indicators considered, all contribute substantial variations in the health impact observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Adult↗
Strategic use of anthelmintics to prevent parasitic gastroenteritis in cow-calf herds in California.
On the basis of the hypothesis that the peak numbers of infective nematode third-stage larvae (L3) on herbage in winter months results from fall contamination of pastures, 2 methods to reduce fall contamination were tested. In trial 1, morantal sustained-release boluses were administered to 15 fall-calving cows on Sept 7, 1982. Fifteen untreated cows (controls) were placed on separate pastures. Numbers of L3 on herbage during the winter and spring were assessed by use of worm-free tracer calves. In trial 2, 19 cattle due to calve in the fall were administered 200 micrograms of invermectin/kg of body weight, SC, on Sept 2, 1983. Also, 17 cattle similarly were given a placebo injection and served as control animals. Treated cattle were placed on the pasture used by control cattle in trial 1 and control cattle on the pasture used by treated cattle in trial 1. Worm-free tracer calves were again used to assess numbers of L3 on herbage. In trial 1, tracer calves grazing the control animal pasture from January 14 to 28 acquired 37 times as many nematodes as did those grazing the treated animal pasture. In trial 2, the greatest difference observed was a 10-fold increase of nematodes in calves grazing control animal pastures, compared with worm numbers in tracer calves grazing the treated animal pasture.
Animals↗
IgE-mediated release of rat mast cell protease II, beta-hexosaminidase and leukotriene C4 from cultured bone marrow-derived rat mast cells.
Functional characteristics of cultured bone marrow-derived rat mast cells (BMMC) were studied. BMMC were shown to release in a time- and dose-dependent fashion the mucosal mast cell (MMC)-specific enzyme, rat mast cell protease II (RMCPII), following IgE-mediated activation in vitro. RMCPII release was temporally associated with that of the mast cell granule-derived enzyme, beta-hexosaminidase (beta-hex). Release of the pre-formed granule constituents, RMCPII and beta-hex, was associated with the generation of the membrane-derived lipid mediator, leukotriene C4 (LTC4) and, in older cultures, substantial amounts were generated (25.2 ng/10(6) BMMC). Absolute amounts of RMCPII, beta-hex and LTC4 released were dependent upon the age of the BMMC. These results extend our previous observations on the staining properties and protease content of rat BMMC and provide evidence that these cells are functionally, as well as histochemically, analogous to the MMC subset, which is so prominent during intestinal nematode infections in rats.
Animals↗
Specific detection of human antibodies to Onchocerca volvulus.
Specific diagnosis of antibodies to Onchocerca was achieved through (1) the construction of direct and indirect ELISA systems, and (2) restricting ELISA assays to the IgG4 class. The direct ELISA was based on the isolation of a surface derived, low molecular weight surface antigen preparation containing two main antigens (M. wt. 16.2 and 12.8 kDA) as defined by Western blot analysis. The direct ELISA system detected antibodies in children of six years old, and may therefore be applicable to detecting reinvasion in OCP areas of Onchocerca volvulus control. The indirect ELISA system was a competitive binding ELISA-based assay using a monoclonal antibody recognising two Onchocerca components (M. wts. 15.6 and 25.9) on a Western blot. The direct and indirect ELISA systems were similarly specific and sensitive when evaluated in a preliminary survey. The direct ELISA system yielded a specificity and sensitivity of: 100% and 100% respectively, using Mexican endemic and Mexican intestinal nematode infection sera as positive and negative controls respectively: 91% and 96% respectively, using Venezuelan endemic and Venezuelan Mansonella ozzardi infection sera as positive and negative controls, respectively: 87% and 93% respectively, using African endemic and Papuan (New Guinea) Wuchereria bancrofti infection sera as positive and negative controls respectively: 93% and 93% respectively, using African endemic and Indian W. bancrofti infection sera as positive and negative controls respectively. Similar specificity and sensitivity levels were obtained when the same comparisons were made using the indirect (inhibition) ELISA assay. These values may be contrasted with the currently used PBS extract of O. volvulus which yielded specificities of less than 10% in all the above comparisons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
The efficacy of amidantel, a new anthelmintic, on hookworms and ascarids in dogs.
Amidantel is a new anthelmintic from a new chemical class with an interesting anthelmintic spectrum. In dogs amidantel is highly effective in a single oral dose of 25 mg/kg against both hookworm species, Ancylostoma caninum and Unicinaria stenocephala. In Toxascaris leonina infected dogs a complete cure rate was achieved with a single oral dose of 50 mg/kg. Similar results were obtained with 8 mg/kg administered three times per day. The most sensitive parasite to amidantel was found to be Toxocara canis with a 100 per cent cure rate after a single oral treatment with 10 mg/kg. In preliminary trials amidantel was also effective against hookworms and ascarids after subcutaneous administration. All hookworms and almost all of the ascarids were eliminated with the faeces within 2 days after treatment. Amidantel was tolerated in all dosages tested by all the dogs without any symptoms.
Ancylostoma↗
Unique recognition of a low molecular weight Onchocerca volvulus antigen by IgG3 antibodies in chronic hyper-reactive oncho-dermatitis (Sowda).
Individual human Ig class responses to Onchocerca volvulus antigens have been evaluated by Western blotting using sera from cases of generalized onchocerciasis and chronic hyper-reactive onchocerciasis (Sowda). in all cases except IgG3 the patterns of recognition by human antibody classes were similar in Sowda and generalized onchocerciasis. Weak or undetectable responses were seen with IgG1, IgG2 and IgM. The total profiles of antigens recognized by the other Ig classes were different, although in some cases certain bands were commonly identified. The result with IgG3, however, was striking. Here, two major antigens (9 kD and 72kD) were recognized by IgG3 antibodies in Sowda sera but not generalized onchocerciasis sera. Furthermore, these two antigens were not recognised by any other Ig class, either in generalized or Sowda onchocerciasis, nor were they detected by antibodies of any class present in a collection of sera representative of other nematode infections. This difference in the IgG3 response was so pronounced that Sowda sera could be distinguished from generalized onchocerciasis sera by an IgG3-specific ELISA assay with a PBS parasite extract as the antigen. Thus, a correlation has been established between one particular clinical condition of onchocerciasis (Sowda) and a serological response, defined in terms of both the parasite antigens and an immunoglobulin class restricted antibody response.
Animals↗
Research needs and priorities for swine internal parasites in the United States.
The swine industry in the United States is increasing in the Southeast. The proportion of pigs raised in confinement has increased to 25% and the trend is expected to continue. Changes in geographic origin and in management have affected the swine parasite fauna. A few parasites have almost disappeared and others have gained new prominence. Prevention and control of parasites are accomplished by feed additives and routine therapeutic treatments. Knowledge of the epizootiologic factors governing parasite transmission, in relation to climate and management systems, may lead to improvements in the prevention and control of swine parasites. Opportunities exist for developing biological, chemical, and managerial practices that can be integrated economically into management systems to control parasites and improve performance through decreases in mortality and morbidity and increases in daily gain and feed conversion efficiency.
Animal Husbandry↗