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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Establishing a normal range for mouth opening: its use in screening for oral submucous fibrosis.

The maximal mouth opening of 700 healthy Nepalese adults, age range of 18-68 years, measured by paraclinical workers was determined as there are no data available for an Asian population. The mean value of the inter-incisal distance was 47.1 mm (range 33.7-60.4 mm) and 98% of the population surveyed fell within this range. The minimum limit of normal oral opening was determined to be 34 mm. Ten out of 13 patients with histologically confirmed oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) had a maximal oral opening of less than 34 mm. It was concluded that reduced oral opening measured by paraclinical workers as a single screening test for oral submucous fibrosis, has a sensitivity of only 77% and will detect only advanced cases. However, each of the 3 subjects from the healthy population found to have restricted mandibular opening and who agreed to be examined further had significant oral conditions, namely oral submucous fibrosis (2) and pericoronitis (1). The study confirms the value of this measurement as a screening procedure for significant oral disease by paraclinical staff particularly in developing countries where trained dental and medical personnel are scarce. Because of its limited sensitivity, measurement of mouth opening is unsatisfactory as a single screening test for OSF, as it will not detect early stages of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The significance of the mouth in old age.

Information on the significance of the mouth in old age has been obtained from structured interviews with older subjects focused largely on the significance and impact of oral dysfunction. There is, however, a growing sense that inventories of dysfunction do not explain the full significance of aging and that structured interviews offer little opportunity to explore feelings and concerns. This study adopted a qualitative approach to collect and analyse data from unrestricted responses to the question: "What is the significance of oral health in the lives of older adults?" The data were collected by interviewing 24 elders, and major themes in transcripts of the interviews were identified by the research team using inductive analytical techniques. Our findings indicate that the significance of oral health in this age group was considered largely within the context of three interacting themes--comfort, hygiene and health--that can be illustrated within a theoretical framework that corresponds with more general theories of aging to offer guidance for health promotion and further research. Overall, the participants offered a positive perspective on the mouth, and they emphasized the need to adapt as an integral part of successful aging and a means of coping with the impact of oral disorders.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Electrical burns of lip and mouth in children. Report of 2 cases.

2 cases of electrical burns of the oral cavity in young children are reported. Both cases were treated conservatively. 1 of the patients, now that 3 years have passed, has a slight scar with a slight deformity of lower and upper lips. We are planning reconstructive surgery within a short time. There are no functional or developmental disturbances. The main cause of electrical burns in young children is biting or sucking the free end of live extension cords or placing sockets into the mouth. Since most of these injuries are from low-voltage, electric circuits are localized to the surroundings of the mouth. However, the injuries are small or narrow, but reach much deeper than initially appear. Therefore, the scar may be small but the deeper tissue may sustain more extensive damage than expected.

Burns, Electric↗
PubMed2001

Development and standardization of a piezo electric immunobiosensor for foot and mouth disease virus typing.

An immunobiosensor using a piezo electric (PZ) crystal was developed and standardized for foot and mouth disease (FMD) diagnosis and virus typing. A 6MHz quartz crystal was used as the frequency determining element. Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) type specific antibody raised in rabbits/monoclonal antibody was coated on the crystal surface and the resonance measured. One microlitre of the 10% aqueous suspension of the clinical sample (tongue or foot epithelium) was applied on both surfaces of the crystal and the resonance recorded. A difference in resonance of more than -2.5Hz was obtained in positive samples (homologous antigen and antibody). The test was standardized initially using various dilutions of FMD tissue culture antigen. Repeatability and sensitivity were also tested and it was found that the crystals could be washed and reused eight times. The test could be used for FMDV type specifically and no cross-reaction between FMDV types was observed. The shelf-life of the antibody-coated crystal stored at room temperature was 18 weeks. Application of the biosensor test to the FMDV clinical samples confirmed virus typing results when compared with enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA) and it could also detect virus in ELISA negative samples and mixed virus infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Burning mouth syndrome.

Burning mouth syndrome is a common condition particularly affecting elderly women. Numerous precipitating factors are recognized that lead to a burning sensation in clinically normal mucosa. By taking each precipitating factor into account, a favorable treatment outcome usually can be achieved. This article highlights the significance of precipitating factors in burning mouth syndrome and suggests a treatment protocol based on current scientific evidence.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Prenatal development of the muscles in the floor of the mouth in human embryos and fetuses from 6.9 to 76 mm CRL.

The development of the muscles in the floor of the mouth is described in 10 human embryos and fetuses ranging from 6.9 to 76 mm CRL by means of computer-aided graphical 3D-reconstructions. All primordia of the muscles in the floor of the mouth could be identified from the 15.6 mm CRL stage on. The proportions and insertion lines of the early muscles were found to be different from adult anatomy. Each muscle first inserted in the medial surface of Meckels cartilage, but during the developmental period between 19 and 68 mm CRL the insertion lines were gradually transposed to the bony ridges of the mandible which progrediently embraced Meckels cartilage. The fibers of the mylohyoid muscles left the anterior region near the symphysis mentalis free during all stages of this study. The digastric muscle revealed only one belly with a constriction of its continuous fibers where it passed the hyoid bone primordium. There was no attachment of digastric muscle fibers to the hyoid; only geniohyoid and mylohyoid fibers. Geniohyoid and genioglossus muscles basically correspond to their definite arrangement, but they underwent proportional changes. Individual specimens embodied irregularities such as accessory geniohyoid and hyoid portions and muscle fibers separate from the mylohyoide muscle.

Cartilage↗
PubMed1991

Maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures in sitting and half-lying positions in normal subjects.

Maximal inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory (PEmax) mouth pressures were measured in seven normal adults in both sitting and half-lying positions on 2 days. Analysis of variance did not reveal significant differences between measurements made in the two positions for either PImax or PEmax. Measurements were repeatable and the results obtained in both positions were pooled. The coefficient of variation of PImax was 4.7% between-trials and 10.3% between-days, and those for PEmax were 3.4% and 4.4%, respectively. It is suggested that measurements of PImax and PEmax made in the half-lying position after thoracic surgery can be compared to pre-operative values which are commonly obtained in sitting without any influence from a positional effect. Details of the methodology to improve the reliability of the respiratory mouth pressures technique are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

"Scalded mouth syndrome" caused by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: two case reports.

Two cases of "scalded mouth syndrome" are presented and discussed. This condition is a rare side effect of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors are known to cause several other oral and extra-oral side effects. In scalded mouth syndrome, the patient's complaints concern a burning pain of the oral soft tissues. There are no clinical findings.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A method for measurement of the vocal tract impedance at the mouth.

In this contribution a method is presented for the measurement of vocal tract resonances. The technique uses a non-invasive acoustic excitation of the vocal tract and a fast and robust detection. The method is an alternative to the linear predictive coding (LPC) analysis for patients with voice and speech disorders. Sweep signals are emitted and recorded simultaneously from the small end of a tube placed in front of the mouth opening. The use of a pressure sensor and a velocity sensor provides a direct measurement of the vocal tract impedance at the mouth (VTMI). For selected sustained German vowels, and some consonants, a comparison of results from LPC analysis and VTMI measurements is given. The results indicate a good agreement in the frequency range from 500 to 5,000 Hz. The feasibility of the VTMI method for diagnostic and therapeutic applications is subject to current research.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Cesium-137 needle brachytherapy boosts after external beam irradiation for locally advanced carcinoma of the tongue and floor of the mouth.

PURPOSE: A retrospective study was undertaken to compare local tumor control and complications of external beam radiation therapy with and without interstitial 137Cs needle brachytherapy boost doses. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two hundred one consecutive patients with locally advanced (T3-T4) cancer of the tongue and floor of the mouth treated with definitive radiotherapy by external beam irradiation with (n = 78) or without (n = 123) low-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy from 1974 to 1999 were analyzed retrospectively. External beam irradiation was administered with conventional fractionation in 105 patients and administered with accelerated hyperfractionation in 96 patients. RESULTS: The 8-year actuarial local control rates showed a trend toward improved results in the combined-treatment group as a whole and also when it was stratified into patients with base of tongue sites and those with oral tongue and floor of mouth sites. Cox regression analysis for local control showed that the only significant variable was overall treatment time. The use of brachytherapy boost doses was not a significant variable. The 8-year actuarial probability of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Grades 3-5 late effects was 25% and 35% for patients with and without brachytherapy, respectively (p = not significant), although the crude incidence of mandibular radiation osteonecrosis was 10% and 1.6%, respectively (p =0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a trend toward improved local control rates for brachytherapy after external beam radiotherapy. The incidence of mandibular osteonecrosis was increased.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparative cephalometric study between nasal and predominantly mouth breathers.

AIM: To evaluate the possible correlation between the respiratory pattern in determining the craniofacial dimensions, using as baseline the Tweed-Merrifields cephalometric analysis, added to angle SN-GoGn and to Y axis angle. METHODOLOGY: The selected sample to this study comprised 50 teleradiographies taken in lateral and natural positions of the head in young female patients at the age of 9 to 12 years, presenting mean age of 10 years and 5 months and Class 1 malocclusion. After diagnosis of respiratory pattern, the sample was divided into two groups: control group, 25 teleradiographies of nasal breathers in lateral and natural positions of the head; experimental group, 25 teleradiographies of predominantly mouth breathers in lateral and natural positions of the head. RESULTS: The results were submitted to descriptive analysis (mean and standard deviation), test F and "t" Student test with significance level of 5%. There was no significant difference between the group with nasal breathing and the group with predominantly mouth breathing for any of the studied variables.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1970

Further investigations on the airborne excretion of foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Calf thyroid tissue cultures were found to be the most sensitive system in detecting virus collected in a large volume air sampler from boxes, where cattle, sheep and pigs infected with A and C strains of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus were housed. It was confirmed with all strains of FMD virus tested that pigs excreted the most virus followed by cattle and sheep, but there was variation between strains, the highest virus recoveries being obtained from animals infected with O(1) and C Noville viruses. The results are discussed in relation to outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease in Great Britain since 1954.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1972

The effects of spraying on the amounts of airborne foot-and-mouth disease virus present in loose-boxes.

The air of loose-boxes which had previously held pigs infected with foot-and-mouth disease was sampled for virus after various procedures. Removal of infected pigs led to a 12- to 16-fold reduction in the amount of virus after 5 min. and a 400-fold reduction after 60 min. After heavy spraying (1.2 mm. of water in 5 min.) the amount of virus was reduced 500-fold compared to 30-fold after light spraying (0.20 mm. of water in 5 min.). The partition of infectivity associated with particle size was measured. The partition found after light spraying was similar to that found 5 min. after the pigs had been removed. Heavy spraying brought about a reduction in the infectivity associated with the large particles (> 6 mum.) but had no effect on particles less than 3 mum. A similar partition was found 60 min. after the pigs had been removed. The findings are discussed in relation to the spread of foot-and-mouth disease by the airborne route.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1987

Rediscovering the importance of nasal breathing in sleep or, shut your mouth and save your sleep.

Recent research, stimulated by the growing awareness of the sleep apnea syndrome, has shown that nasal breathing plays a major role in the regulation of respiration in sleep. These observations are not new; they confirm century-old clinical findings on the importance of nasal breathing in sleep. The earliest account of the deleterious effects of mouth breathing in sleep was made by Lemnious Levinus towards the end of the sixteenth century. Two hundred years later, Catlin dedicated an entire book to the superiority of nasal breathing over mouth breathing in sleep; and in the late 1800's, Cline, Wells, Griffin and others showed that obstructed nasal breathing causes sleep disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Prognosis in mouth cancer: host factors.

A personal series of 842 patients with a tumour of the oral cavity is presented. Five hundred and twelve of these patients had a histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma, and were previously untreated. Increasing age was associated with worsening performance status. Women were older at presentation than men, and tumours of the upper part of the mouth were more common in the elderly, but there was no relation between age and histological grade or stage grouping. Sex had no correlation with performance status or histological grade. However, men were more likely to have an advanced tumour, and tumours of the floor of the mouth and alveolus were much commoner in men. There was no correlation between performance status and site or histological grade, but patients in poor general condition were more likely to have stage III-IV tumours. Multivariate analysis showed that sex had no impact whatever on survival, but survival fell with increasing age and worsening performance status. The effect of age and performance status disappeared when the survival of treated patients was adjusted for deaths due to other causes.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Failure of vaccination to prevent outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease.

Outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease persist in dairy cattle herds in Saudi Arabia despite revaccination at intervals of 4-6 months. Vaccine trials provide data on antibody responses following vaccination. Using this information we developed a mathematical model of the decay of protective antibodies with which we estimated the fraction of susceptible animals at a given time after vaccination. The model describes the data well, suggesting over 95% take with an antibody half-life of 43 days. Farm records provided data on the time course of five outbreaks. We applied a 'SLIR' epidemiological model to these data, fitting a single parameter representing disease transmission rate. The analysis provides estimates of the basic reproduction number R(0), which may exceed 70 in some cases. We conclude that the critical intervaccination interval which would provide herd immunity against FMDV is unrealistically short, especially for heterologous challenge. We suggest that it may not be possible to prevent foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks on these farms using currently available vaccines.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Dexamethasone inhibits virus production and the secretory IgA response in oesophageal-pharyngeal fluid in cattle persistently infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus.

Cattle persistently infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus were treated with dexamethasone to suppress the immune system in an attempt to influence the level of virus recovery from oesophageal pharyngeal (probang) samples. Twelve carrier cattle were assigned to one of three groups: control; 0.1 mg/kg dexamethasone; and 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone. Groups 2 and 3 were injected intramuscularly three times weekly for 3 weeks with dexamethasone between days 33 and 56 post-infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). Cattle in both groups developed a leucocytosis, neutrophilia and lymphopenia. The secretory IgA response to FMDV infection was inhibited following, but not during, dexamethasone treatment between days 70 and 98 post-infection (P < 0.05). FMDV recovery from probang samples was reduced between days 40 and 64 post-infection (P < 0.05) during treatment with either 0.1 or 0.5 mg/kg dexamethasone. Following cessation of dosing with dexamethasone virus recovery returned to control levels. These observations suggest dexamethasone inhibits shedding of FMDV in a reversible manner which may be related to its immunosuppressive, anti-inflammatory or physiological actions.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Flavored yogurt complex viscosity influences real-time aroma release in the mouth and sensory properties.

The influence of flavored yogurt texture on aroma perception and in-nose aroma release measured by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry analysis was investigated. The study was carried out on six yogurts varied by protein composition and mechanical treatment. For the same matrix composition, the complex viscosity of yogurts influenced in-nose release and perception. After swallowing, aroma release and intensity of olfactory perception were stronger in low-viscosity yogurts than in high-viscosity yogurts. Moreover, the protein composition influenced aroma release only when yogurts exhibited wide variations of complex viscosity and consequently texture. In mouth, aroma release and perception were influenced more by yogurt mechanical treatment than by protein composition. On the basis of mass transfer analysis, the main physical mechanism which could explain the difference in aroma release would be the surface exchange area developed in the mouth and in the throat.

Dietary Proteins↗