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PubMed2005

Distinguishing bipolar depression, major depression, and schizophrenia with the MMPI-2 clinical and content scales.

Clinical and content scales from the MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) were used to examine the capacity of these scales to assist in the differential diagnosis of a sample of 212 psychiatric patients-137 with major depression; 43 with schizophrenia; and 32 with bipolar disorder, depressed state. Consistent with the previous literature, the clinical scales Depression (D), and Schizophrenia (Sc), and the content scales Depression (DEP), and Low Self-Esteem (LSE) best distinguished major depression from schizophrenia; the content scale DEP proved to be the most powerful predictor in distinguishing bipolar depression from schizophrenia. No clinical or content scale proved to be effective in distinguishing patients with bipolar depression from patients with major depression. In general, the content scales outperformed the clinical scales.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Mapping the MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical scales onto normal personality traits: evidence of construct validity.

The MMPI-2 Restructured Clinical (RC; Tellegen et al., 2003) scales were developed to remove common factor variance that saturates the clinical scales and create a more distinct set of measures, yielding a new set of scales with improved convergent and discriminant validity. In this study, we examined the relation between RC scale scores and scores on the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ; Tellegen, in press), a measure of normal personality, using a sample of 811 college students. The results indicate strong convergence between the RC scales and expected MPQ higher order factors and primary scales. The RC scales also demonstrated expected improved convergent and discriminant validity over the clinical scales.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The comparative validity of MCMI-II and MMPI-2 personality disorder scales with forensic examinees.

This study demonstrated the convergent and discriminant validity of the MMPI-2 and MCMI-II personality disorder scales with forensic examinees. Based on averaged correlational data, the scales performed comparably with previous findings in psychiatric samples. Furthermore, the scales demonstrated increased convergent correlations. Improved convergence was obtained for the Antisocial, Sadistic, Borderline, Schizotypal and Paranoid scales. Decreased convergence on the Dependent and Avoidant scales was also obtained.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Women alcoholics' responses to Scale 4 of the MMPI.

Responses to three items of Scale 4 of the MMPI accounted for the significant difference between the mean scores of women alcoholics and women psychiatric outpatients. Factor analysis of alcoholics' responses yielded six interpretable factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

MMPI correlates of extreme field independence and field dependence in a psychiatric population.

34 male and 34 female hospitalized psychiatric patients were divided into field-independent and field-dependent groups on the basis of rod-and-frame test performance and their MMPI scores were compared. A multiple discriminant analysis followed by a series of 2 X 2 factorial analyses of variance was used to assess the results. As in previous studies, more similarities than differences were found between the two cognitive styles. However, field-independent subjects tended to be more unconventional, aggressive, antisocial, and perhaps defensive than field-dependent subjects. Explanations of results were explored in reference to previous findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Study of structural analysis: comparing differential diagnoses based on psychiatric evaluation, the MMPI, and structural analysis of the Hand Test and Rorschach.

Experimental investigation of Structural Analysis compared diagnoses of 30 psychiatric inpatients derived independently from psychiatric evaluations, MMPI analyses, and Structural Analysis interpretation of Hand Test and Rorschach data. Results yielded positive preliminary implications for the use of Structural Analysis in psychodiagnostics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Neuropsychological and MMPI correlates of patients' future employment characteristics.

Previous research has suggested that patients' neuropsychological test scores correlate not only with neurologic status but also with their success in coping with some of the demands of daily living. This study investigated the utility of such laboratory test scores in predicting several vocational variables. Patients who had recieved neuropsychological evaluations were recontacted and questioned about their employment over the previous 6 mo. Of the 78 individuals who participated, 25 had been chronically unemployed. The remaining 53 were asked about job stability, hours worked, and wages earned, and were administered the Minnsota Job Requirements Questionnaire. Patients' scores on the Halstead-Reitan Battery, the WAIS and the MMPI were highly correlated with employment status (employed or chronically unemployed), income, and skills required on the jobs held. The results suggest that these tests may have clinical utility in assessing patients' employability, as well as the types of jobs for which they are suited.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

MMPI characteristics associated with cerebral palsy and dystonia musculorum deformans.

The origins of dystonia musculorum deformans are now considered to be organic. However, misdiagnosis of dystonia as a functional psychiatric disorder--usually conversion reaction--has persisted. The present study describes personality traits as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory in 30 persons with dystonia and in a control group of 37 persons with cerebral palsy. The data, examined by diagnosis, level of disability, and sex, showed no differences for diagnostic groups or levels of disability. Males scored in the direction of greater psychopathology than did females. The male dystonics showed the highest elevations of MMPI scales of all the groups. Although only one person with dystonia musculorum deformans and none with cerebral palsy produced the profile usually associated with conversion reaction, 36% of all profiles showed two scales above a T score of 70. This finding suggested that young adults with a physically disabling disease may be at higher risk for developing maladaptive personality traits.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Separation of brain-damaged from psychiatric patients: value of the Wiggins MMPI Content Scales.

The value of the 13 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Wiggins Content Scales for the separation of brain-damaged from psychiatric patients was investigated. A sample of 40 males, evenly divided between brain-damaged and psychiatric patients, was administered the MMPI. Statistical analysis yielded a significant difference only for the phobia content scale. Practical implications of the results are discussed.

Brain Damage, Chronic↗
PubMed1982

MMPI correlates of the degree of generalized impairment based on the Halstead-Reitan Battery.

The relationship between personality, as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), and neuropsychological status as measured by subtests from the Halstead-Reitan Battery was explored for 63 male veterans. Multiple regression analysis indicates only Ego Strength and Masculinity-Femininity contributed significantly to the regression equation. Results suggest less cognitive impairment is correlated with greater emotional stability. The amount of variance accounted for is small, however, indicating limited clinical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

MMPI profiles of normal people who display frequent temporal-lobe signs.

Comparisons were made between personality (MMPI) profiles of 26 part-time university students who scored in the upper and 29 students who scored in the lower one-quarter of the range on a scale that measures temporal-lobe signs in the normal population. Compared to the reference group, the subjects who displayed more temporal-lobe signs showed statistically significant elevations above a T score of 70 on Schizophrenia and Hypomania. There were secondary elevations on Psychasthenia and frequency scales. Similar profiles whose high-point scores display greater amplitude are typical for patients with schizotypal disorders and for many patients who have long histories of temporal lobe epilepsy. These results support the existence of a continuum of temporal-lobe lability that extends into the normal population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Ego strength denial on the MMPI-2 as a clue to simulation of personal injury in vocational neuropsychological and emotional distress evaluations.

Ego Strength (Es) scores on the MMPI-2 were compared for malingering and nonmalingering samples of personal injury claimants. These data suggest that the Es scale has utility in differentiating these two samples. A cut-off score of Es less than 31 is suggested for identifying personal injury malingerers in nonpsychotic outpatient population who are not obviously grossly disabled. Cross-validation is recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Maximized split-half reliabilities and distributional characteristics for Harris-Lingoes subscales with few items: a reevaluation for the MMPI-2.

100 MMPI-2 protocols were obtained from the files of an outpatient clinic. Distributions of all possible split-half combinations were computed for selected Harris-Lingoes subscales with few items. As expected, max r reliability estimates were significantly greater than alpha estimates and distributions of correlations were negatively skewed. Inspection of the distributions suggested that the Amorality scale contains an ambiguous item which does not appear to belong in this grouping. Serious problems were noted with the Hy5 subscale. Alpha reliabilities were comparable to previously reported estimates, and max r reliability estimates closely resembled reported test-retest estimates.

Female↗