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PubMed2004

[Study of the prevalence of disturbance of activity and attention and co-morbid psychiatric disorders in the sample of Kaunas city primary school pupils].

Aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of disturbance of activity and attention and co-morbid psychiatric disorders among the primary school children in Kaunas city. Parents and teachers of all pupils of 12 randomly selected primary schools (N=2942) were asked to fill the scales on the presence of disturbance of activity and attention symptoms in their children. Disturbance of activity and attention was diagnosed if at least 6 symptoms of hyperactivity and/or 6 symptoms of inattention were present for at least 6 months according parents reports in DuPaul-IV scale and the result of teachers CAP scale exceeded the norms for age and gender. Both scales were obtained for 2298 pupils--1096 girls and 1202 boys 6-12 years of age. Disturbance of activity and attention was diagnosed for 5.2% of primary school pupils. It was 1.9 times more frequent among boys than among girls. Prevalence of co-morbid psychiatric disorders was estimated individually interviewing suspected children and their parents using M.I.N.I. Kid questionnaire. Out of all disturbance of activity and attention diagnosed children, 52.5% were also diagnosed co-morbid psychiatric disorders, most frequently oppositional defiant disorder (31.3%) and different types of anxiety disorders (18.0%). Prevalent type of disturbance of activity and attention and co-morbid disorders was related with the age of the pupils. Symptoms of hyperactivity and co-morbid psychiatric disorders had influenced motivation of parents to seek treatment for their children. Forty percent of the parents of children, who were diagnosed disturbance of activity and attention, have applied to the mental health care professionals; most of them evaluated the help they received as partly useful (57.9%) or not useful at all (26.3%).

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Doctor Zamenhof (1859-1917): A physican "who hopes"! (I)].

In Lituania, during the second mid-nineteenth century, a Polish and Jewish ophtalmologist, doctor Zamenhof (1859-1917) created an universal and non-national language, he called "esperanto". This "a posteriori" language, constituted from various indo-european existing roots, was the essential tool, the first step to abolish the differences between human ethnies, nationalities and religions. This project aimed to instaure universal fraternity, Zamenhof strongly wished. Using paper and electronic (available on esperanto.org website) sources, the paper analyzes what were Zamenhof's life and works. In a next study, his universal approach will be put back in the ideological context of the period.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Doctor Zamenhof (1859-1917): a physician "who hopes"!(II)].

A previous paper detailed the life and the works of Louis-Lazare Zamenhof (1857-1917), a young physician, born in Lituania, of Jewish origin, specialiazed in ophtalmology. Zamenhof created a new universal language he called "Esperanto". The study continues Zamenhof's biography, from 1905, date of the first international esperantist congress, at Boulogne-sur-Mer, in France to 1917, year of Zamenhof's death, during World War I. The paper will restitute Zamenhof's ideology in the history of the ideas of the XXth century, such as nationalisms, internationalism, pacifism and universalism of Human Right.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed2004

Drug in four countries meet U.S. standards.

Antiretroviral drugs from four developing countries have been found to meet United States Pharmacopoeia standards for the active drug amount listed on the label, according to a study in the May 1 Clinical Infectious Diseases.

Anti-HIV Agents↗
PubMed2004

[Results of morphologic epidemiologic study of coronary arteries in Kaunas population aged 20-69 years: atherosclerotic lesions and their interrelationship].

OBJECTIVE: The object of study was the type, frequency and extent, as well as correlation of atherosclerotic lesions in Kaunas population aged 20-69 years. RESULTS: The frequency and intimal area of raised atherosclerotic lesions (fibrous and complicated plaque and calcinosis) are age-dependent. The increase of raised lesions area seems to alter at different decades of life. In men the most substantial progression in left anterior descending artery was observed at the fourth-fifth, in right coronary artery--at the fifth, and in both arteries of women - at the sixth decade of life. The area of fatty streaks is not dependent on age and comprises approximately 4-5% of intimal surface. We observed weak negative correlation between area of raised lesions and fatty streaks, and strong correlation between the area of all type of raised lesions in all three coronary arteries. CONCLUSIONS: The coronary artery atherosclerosis is progressing with age. Age decades, when increase of raised lesion area is observed, correspond to age periods, in which mortality due to ischemic heart disease increases significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[M.I. Oifebakh].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

History, 19th Century↗
PubMed2004

[Research of the amounts of flavonoids accumulated in the buds of single-styled hawthorn].

OBJECTIVE: To determine the amounts of flavonoids accumulated in the buds of single-styled hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.); and to establish the possibility of usage of hawthorn buds in pharmacy practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Different examples of hawthorn buds collected in 2001, 2002 and 2003 from some Lithuanian regions: Akmene (V1, V2, V3), Kedainiai (S1, S2, S3), Klaipeda (M1), Lazdijai (D1, D2, D3) and Vilnius (VL1, VL2) from branches of lower storey. Examples were extracted with ethanol and flavonoids were measured by spectroscopic method and by high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS: From 0.72 to 1.89% of flavonoids are found in the hawthorn buds. The dominating flavonoid is vitexin-2-O-rhamnosid (6.72-10.91 milligrams in one gram of dried crude drug). Other flavonoids are: vitexin: 0.88-6.53 milligrams/gram, hyperosid: 0.85-2.70 milligrams/gram, rutin: 0.72-2.10 milligrams/gram and quercitrin: 0.82-1.01 milligrams/gram. CONCLUSION: The marks of phytochemical compounds of Lithuanian single-styled hawthorn buds corroborated the theory of possibility to use hawthorn buds as pharmaceutical crude drug and form sufficient ground for planning phytochemical and pharmacological researches of new hawthorn crude drug.

Apigenin↗
PubMed2004

[Investigation of chemical composition of propolis extract].

Propolis is a natural product, produced by bees and containing exudates from plants, mixed with bee wax. Propolis and its ethanolic extract are usually used for treatment and prevention of different diseases. Propolis has antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anesthetic and immunomodulating properties. Till now there is no data about chemical composition of Lithuanian propolis. Thus, the aim of our work was to investigate the chemical composition of Lithuanian propolis and its ethanolic extract by using gas chromatography / mass spectrometry. We found, that the main structural types of compounds were terpenoids, aromatic and aliphatic acid esters. The most of terpenoids were mono- and sesquiterpens: azulene, alpha-bisabolol, citral, valerenol, etc. Thus, our data show, that the composition of propolis is various and depends on the origin of plants, from where propolis was collected.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed2004

[Diversity of medicinal plant species grown in the greenhouse of Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University].

Collections of ornamental plants, as the object of the research, have been accumulated since 1924 in Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University. Plants are grown in six sections of the greenhouse following the geographic-climatic principle. It is also used for educational purposes in order to introduce students and public with plant world and the variety of its species. According to the data of taxonomical analysis made in 2002-2004 it was estimated that in the sections of the greenhouse there are grown 110 species of medicinal plants belonging to 83 genera, 56 families, 7 subclasses, 6 classes and to 3 divisions. The division Magnoliophyta is the largest of number of taxons: 2 classes, 7 subclasses, 50 families, 77 genus and 104 species. The number of plant species in 56 families of medicinal plants differs: the biggest (5-8 species) is in two families, the lowest (1-2 species)--in 41 and medium (3-4 species) in 13 families. Medicinal plants make 15% of all plant species grown in the greenhouse. According to the using these plants are: oil, aromatic, dye-stuff, ornamental, resiniferous, food, timber, melliferous, fibrous, spice, saponin, stimulating, tannin-bearing and technical.

Botany↗
PubMed2004

[Research of medicinal plants at Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University].

Article presents the development of scientific work of the period of 80 years (1924-2004), research of medicinal plants and designing of their collections in Kaunas Botanical Garden of Vytautas Magnus University. Research of medicinal plants, its directions and the designing of the collections have been changing according to the separate time stages. There are three noteworthy stages of scientific research: the first--1924-1949, the second--1949-1984, and the third--1984-2004. This article reviews scientific problems of separate stages in publications, editions and scientific dissertations. The materials of the research are the collections of medicinal plants. These collections have also been changing according to many factors: political system, change of scientific workers and their chiefs, material basis, reforming of the structural subdivisions and their subordination.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed2004

[Self-rated health and probability of death among middle-aged Kaunas population (20-year follow-up)].

The aim of this study was to examine the self-rated health differences in relation with risk factors among middle-aged men and women and to assess the probability of death from all causes, from cardiovascular diseases and from ischemic heart disease in the self-rated health groups during the 20-year follow-up. In the framework of the World Health Organization MONICA-1 survey (1983-1984) random samples of Kaunas men and women aged 35-64 and stratified by age and gender (response rate 70.2%) were examined using standard epidemiological methods. Self-rated health was divided into five levels based on information from questionnaire: excellent, very good, good, fair, or ill. The participants of the survey were followed-up in terms of the end points reached, from the beginning of each study until December 31, 2001. The study population was followed-up through the death register: among women there were 197 deaths (94 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 44 deaths from ischemic heart disease) and among men there were 303 deaths (154 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 98 from ischemic heart disease). Among dead men and women the prevalence of fair and ill self-rated health was higher as compared to alive ones (respectively, 71.0% and 54.9%, p<0.001; 84.3% and 76.7%, p<0.05). Among dead women with hypercholesterolemia (> or =5.0 mmol/l), overweight (body mass index > or =25.0 kg/m2), nonsmoking and sufficient physical activity the prevalence of "fair and ill" self-rated health was higher as compared to alive; the prevalence of "fair and ill" self-rated health in men with hypercholesterolemia (> or =5.0 mmol/l) and sufficient physical activity was higher among dead as compared to alive. During the 20 year follow-up the probability of death from all causes, cardiovascular and ischemic heart disease among men with self-rated health as "ill and fair" as compared to "excellent and very good", showed statistically significant difference (log rank=18.5, p<0.001, log rank=10.8 p<0.01, log rank=8.9, p<0.01, respectively); among women there were no significant differences. The results of this study suggest that special attention and care should be directed to persons with reporting self-rated health as "fair and ill".

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Changes in health behavior of Lithuanian adolescents and adults over 1994-2002.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to investigate the time trends in health behavior during the period 1994-2002 in Lithuanian schoolchildren and adult population. The data on smoking, alcohol drinking, consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, physical activity habits are presented in the article. The study material was collected in 1994, 1998 and 2002 within the framework of two international projects: Health Behavior in School-aged children coordinated by WHO and Finbalt Health Monitor assessing health behavior among adults in Finland and Baltic countries. The data of our study showed that since 1994 prevalence of smoking substantially increased among Lithuanian teenagers aged 11-15 years and adult women. The increase in alcohol consumption was recorded in schoolchildren as well as in adult population. The adults started eating fresh vegetables and fruits more frequently while the usage of fresh fruits among teenagers declined. In 2002 70% of schoolboys and 45% of schoolgirls were physically active. There were no changes in physical activity among teenagers over the period of the study. The proportion of physically active persons in adult population has increased since 1994. CONCLUSION: The health behavior is unhealthy in large proportion of Lithuanian teenagers and adults. The negative trends in health behavior especially among teenagers may increase the risk of noncommunicable diseases in Lithuanian population. Therefore the elaboration and implementation of effective health promotion programs, which should start in early childhood and would be adopted to the needs of different age groups, is urgently needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Conservative ways to treat cancer pain].

Cancer pain is a major problem for cancer patients, as about 80 percent patients with advanced cancer declare pain as their main symptom. The causes of the pain are very different: due to the main tumor, its metastases, anticancer treatment, debility caused by the cancer or other diseases. The cancer pain relief algorithm is proposed in the article, including determination of the cause, type, intensity of pain, its pharmacological and non-pharmacological management, opioid rotation rules, treatment of adverse drug reactions, etc.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Comparative analysis of cartilage structure on MR and CT images.

The magnetic resonance (MR) imaging device outperforms the quality of CT images for diagnosis related to soft tissues. The cartilage structure is intermediary between soft tissue and bones. The methodology to compare visualisation quality of two different CT and MR techniques was developed. It enabled to evaluate the equipment priority. Before carrying out the comparative analysis of cartilage structure images the method of reducing radiation dose for a CT examination has been developed. It was based on relationship between CT adjustment parameter (reconstruction increment) and image quality. The method enabled to carry out CT examination with a considerably reduced radiation dose for a patient and the medical personnel, taking part in the experiment.

Cartilage↗
PubMed2004

Investigation of heavy metals transportation from soil to the pine tree.

The Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most common tree in Lithuanian forests. Research on the impact of pollutants on pines allows us to evaluate pollutants in a major part of Lithuanian forests. Heavy metals (HMs) are among the major pollutants entering forest ecosystems in different ways: in their wet and dry form they come from local or distant sources of emission by being transported from seas alongside with nutrients and sea salt, washed up from the dead plants accumulated in soil, and together with mineral particles brought by wind or water. During the period of investigation, a decrease in the Cr concentration in pine rings is seen. High Zn concentrations (in 1987--1989 Zn concentration was 27.6 mg x kg(-1)) in the pine may be caused by emissions from heavy traffic. The results have shown that Mn has the highest concentration as compared with that of other HMs in the soil around the pine (at the depth of 30-40 cm, Mn concentration is 780 mg x kg(-1)). In comparison with other HMs, Cu and Zn have the largest factor of transport from the soil to the wood (0.39 and 0.49 respectively).

Ecosystem↗
PubMed2004

The historical outline of Vilnius pathological anatomy in the first half of the 19th century.

The first post mortem examination was performed in Vilnius by a priest Stefan Bisio in 1770. At the end of the 18th century, Jakub Briotet, a surgeon and anatomist, founded a modest anatomical (surgery) study. In 1804, Jan Piotr Frank and his son Józef arrived to Vilnius and became professors of the University. Jan Piotr Frank took charge of the University Teaching Hospital and Józef of the Chair of Pathology. When, in 1805, Józef Frank took charge, after his father, of the University Hospital, he founded the first anatomopathological examination room there. The samples were obtained mainly from post mortem studies--autopsies. Most of the samples kept in spirit in the Frank's room were eaten by the starving French soldiers during the retreat of Napoleon's army. Getting dead bodies for the Universities was easy thanks to Tsar's decrees from the years 1793-1809 which ordered to open dead bodies and collect monsters. Moreover, a permission to transfer dead bodies from military hospitals to the University was issued in 1810. These decrees did not stop the cases of students digging out dead bodies from the graves, which still happened in 1810 and 1817. Józef Frank acknowledged great role of post mortem in medicine teaching. He wrote: an author describing a disease with lethal outcome, who does not mention pathological changes found through autopsy is backward. Beside Frank's study, there was still a study founded by Briotet at the Vilnius University, at the Chair of Anatomy. In 1808, Tsar Alexander I designed ruins of Spaska Orthodox Church for an anatomic theater. After seven year redecoration works, it was opened. Beside the theater, dissection room and Veterinary Institute, the building included zoological, veterinary and anatomical museum. The growing anatomical museum had, in 1841, 2895 preparations including 1239 anatomopathological preparations. After closing down Vilnius University and opening Medical and Surgery Academy, pathological anatomy classes were introduced for the 5th year students in 1834. The first lecturer of pathological anatomy, as an individual subject, was Ludwik Siewruk. He started the classes in 1840 when he took charge of the Chair of Anatomy at the Moscow University. Jan Leonow continued the classes till the closing down of Medical and Surgery Academy by the tsar in 1842. The classes performed by Siewruk and Leonow were limited to lectures. Practical knowledge, autopsies were a part of pathology classes and specific therapy (3rd and 4th years of studies). After the Academy had been closed down, all the exhibits of the Vilnius anatomical museum, including anatomopathological preparations were moved to the anatomical museum of Kiev University. Few of them remained in the Vilnius Medical Society.

Anatomy↗