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PubMed1975

[A new butyric acid-producing bacteroides species: B. splanchnicus n. sp. (author's transl)].

Three butyric acid-producing saccharolytic Bacteroides cultures (1651/6, BM 158, and IPP 3751) were described by WERNER and REICHERTZ in 1971 (Zbl.Bakt.Hyg., I. Abt. Orig. A 217,206-216). Since then, 6 strains closely resembling 1651/6 were isolated from stool specimens and surgically removed appendices. In the present communication, strains 1651/6, S2/34, S3/38, S4/28, S6/6, A5/2 are described as members of a new species, Bacteroides splanchnicus n.sp. The strains were morphologically very similar (Gram negative non-sporing non-motile rods, 1-2.5 mu in length and 0.7 mu in width) and fermented glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, lactose, and arabinose (pH values of 4.6-5.4, moderate gas formation). Negative reactions (pH values of 5.8-7.2) were observed with 20 other carbohydrates. The strains were positive in the glutamic acid decarboxylase test and formed indole and H2S. In peptone-yeast extract broth and peptone-yeast extract-glucose broth acetic, propionic, isobutyric, butyric, and isovaleric acids were produced. Washed cells of strains 1651/6 and S4/28 incubated anaerobically in sterile solutions of single amino acids produced butyrate from lysine only. Abundant butyric acid was also produced from glucose. The in vitro activity of 15 antibiotics on 5 strains was studied by broth dilution tests. Uniformly, the strains showed resistance to aminoglycosides and polymyxins (MIC values, 60-500 mug/ml) and susceptibility to tetracyclines, lincomycin, clindamycin, rifampicin, and erythromycin (MIC values, 0.05-0.5 mug/ml). Chloramphenicol, penicillins, and cephalosporins showed bacteriostatic activity at concentrations of 5-40 mug/ml. The serological behaviour of 5 strains was studied in cross-agglutination and gel-diffusion experiments. Cross-reactivity was pronounced in gel-diffusion tests using rabbit antisera and autoclaved extracts and extracts prepared by repeated deep-freezing and thawing of whole cell suspensions as antigens. However, antisera against the B. splanchnicus strains did not react with antigens of B. fragilis 6869, B. thetaiotaomicron AS 126, B. vulgatus AM 45 a, B. distasonis AII 104 and butyric acid-producing strains BM 158 and IPP 3751 in agglutination and gel-diffusion experiments, and there were no cross-reactions between B. splanchnicus antigens and antisera against B. fragilis 6869 and the other aforementioned strains. The new species has been confirmed by members of the ICSB Taxonomic Subcommittee for Gram negative anaerobic rods. Strains 1651/6 and S4/28 have been deposited in The National Collection of Type Cultures, London (NCTC numbers 10825 and 10826). Strain NCTC 10825 (= 1651/6) is the type of the species, B. splanchnicus.

Acetates↗
PubMed1975

[Sensitivity of pathogenic clostridia to antibiotics].

By the sensitivity levels of the gas infection causative agents, i. e. pathogenic Clostridia to antibiotics, the latter were conditionally divided into 4 groups. The 1st group included the most active antibiotics, such as tetracyclines,, penicillins, cephalosporins, rifampicin, 7-chlor-7-desoxylincomycin. Their minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations did not usually exceed 2 gamma/ml. For most of the strains the inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations amounted to the tenth and hundredth fractions of gamma/ml. The antibiotics of the 2nd group, i. e. erythromycin, lincomycin,ristomycin and levomycetin inhibited multiplication and viability of pathogenic Clostridia in concentrations of 20 gamma/ml. Erythromycin was most active among them The 3rd group consisted of oleandomycin, novobiocin, geliomycin and azalomycin, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of them being 20 to 50 gamma/ml. The antibiotics of the 4th group, i. e. neomycin, monomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, polymyxin and others affected pathogenic Clostridia at very high concentrations, amounting to the hundrenth and thousandth of gamma/ml.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

[Experimental estimation of the effect of antibiotics, immobilized on the surface of titanium implant, on the development of the inflammatory process].

Titanium implants with immobilized lincomycin and ampicillin were studied on rats with respect to the effect on development of inflammatory reactions. The data on the concentrations of sialic acids in the blood during the postoperative period and the histological examinations showed that lower concentrations of sialic acids, early fibroblastic reaction, productive nature of inflammation in the main and rapid formation of the fibrous connective tissue capsule around the implants were the characteristic features and advantages of the use of the implants with the immobilized antibiotics as compared to the use of the routine titanium implants.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1991

[Effect of antibiotics on fecal excretion of various products of microbial metabolism of aromatic amino acids].

The model experiments on intact albino rats and those exposed to lincomycin, ampicillin and rifampicin showed that intragastric administration of the three antibiotics to the laboratory animals in therapeutic doses for 8 days induced statistically significant changes in the fecal excretion of n-cresol, indole and skatole, microbial metabolites of aromatic amino acids in the gastrointestinal tract of a macroorganism. The results are in favour of using biochemical tests for rapid diagnosis of the intestinal microflora response to antimicrobial agents.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

Reproduction and treatment of necrotic enteritis in broilers.

A change in ration from one containing 50% fish meal to a standard chick starter containing 10(8) Clostridium perfringens/g of feed resulted in the production of necrotic enteritis in 2-week-old broiler chicks. Lincomycin added to the inoculated ration at a concentration of 20 g/907.2 kg significantly reduced mortality in the chicks. Inoculation of broth cultures of C perfringens directly into the duodenum, using a surgically inserted tetrafluoroethylene resin tube, indicated a relationship existed between the number of C perfringens inoculated and the gross lesions. The disease could be consistently produced by this technique.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1990

Effect of antibiotic pretreatment on glycoside/glycosidase-based colonic drug delivery.

The effect of antibiotic pretreatment on the intestinal distribution and hydrolysis of the prodrug prednisolone-beta-D-glucoside was studied in rats. A combination of neomycin, lincomycin, and metronidazole was administered twice daily by gastric intubation for three days to young adult male rats. On the fourth day, prednisolone-beta-D-glucoside was administered intragastrically. The distribution of prodrug and drug in the intestinal contents was significantly altered by the antibiotic treatment. In comparison with untreated rats, stomach to cecum transit time appeared to be reduced, and more prodrug was hydrolyzed in the small intestine. In addition, an appreciable amount of the dose was retained longer in the small intestine of treated animals. The total recovery of prodrug and drug was unaltered by the pretreatment. Possible explanations for the observed results are presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

In vitro activity of clindamycin and other antimicrobials against gram-positive bacteria and Hemophilus influenzae.

SUMMARY: Seven antimicrobials--clindamycin, penicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, erythromycin, lincomycin and cephalexin--were found to have a high degree of activity in vitro against 256 isolates of gram-positive bacteria and Hemophilus influenzae. Clindamycin was clearly superior against staphylococci and 3.12 mug/ml or less of clindamycin inhibited all 35 isolates of H. influenzae. Synergism was not demonstrated when clindamycin was tested in combination with sulfisoxazole or sulfamethoxazole by either the agar dilution or 24-hour growth curve method. This was true for penicillin as well, and the effect was independent of sulfonamide sensitivity. The erythromycin-sulfonamide combination was synergistic against 6 of 10 strains studied by the growth curve method; this effect was not demonstrable by the agar dilution method.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1990

[Long-term surviving child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia complicated with legionellosis].

An 11 year-old girl was diagnosed as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on November 26th 1979 and was induced into complete remission with vincristine and prednisolon. After consolidation therapy with daunomycin, vincristine and prednisolone, she developed pneumonia on January 21st 1980. No cause of pneumonia was found by sputum culture or serologic tests. Treatment with cefmetazol (CMZ), sulbenicillin (SBPC) and minocycline (MINO) was not effective but 9 g/day of LCM made a remarkable effect. Indirect immunofluorescence assay of antibody showed x 512 titers on January 22nd and in her recovery period, the titers showed eight times increased up to x 4,000. The diagnosis of Legionellosis was made on CDC's criteria. She recovered completely with sequential lincomycin (LCM) and erythromycin (EM) therapy. On October 1989, she is still in the first complete remission of ALL for more than 8 years.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1985

[The effect of selected drugs on the interpretation of hemostasis- related study results].

By applying in vitro and additional in vivo investigations of analysing coagulation in human beings with the routine methods TPZW, PTT and TZ it was possible to exclude influences of hemostasis described in literature and often uncritically generalised in papers and articles as well as assumed influences for such medicaments as acetylsalicylic acid, ascorbic acid, chlorpromazine, fluphenazine, gentamycin, haloperidol, lincomycin, methyldopa, sodium fluoride and penicillin G in therapeutic doses or concentrations in vitro respectively which correspond to therapeutic or toxic doses. For such solutions of infusion as infucoll 6% and gelafusal there exist these influences in the sense of an acceleration of coagulation in vitro. They can be regarded as shiftings within the normal range of methods which have no clinical relevance. Infucoll M 40 will to a concentration of 0.25 mmol/l of blood which corresponds to therapeutic conditions, to a shortening of Tz falling below the normal range of the method. These findings correlate with data in literature and could be identified even in lower concentrations by excluding the effect of dilution. According to literature these relations are identical with those in vivo some minutes after infusion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The sperm compatibility of lincospectin in the framework of the Federal Republic of Germany customary bull sperm preservation methods with the use of a Tris egg yolk thinner (clinical short report)].

Regulations considering the inner-community-exchange of frozen bovine semen prescribe the use of lincomycin and spectinomycin (LINCOSPECTIN) and streptomycin-penicillin as antibiotics in the diluted semen. A susceptibility test with Tris-egg yolk-freezing medium, mostly used in Germany, demonstrated that lincospectin in a concentration of 450 micrograms/ml diluted semen had no detrimental spermatologic effect on sperm function.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Characterization of multiple changes of antibiotic resistance characters in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2)].

Among mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) studied which were sensitive to chloramphenicol (Cmls), strains sensitive to a number of antibiotics (ristomycin, tetracycline, polymyxin, lincomycin) amount of 46%. Antibiotic-sensitive mutants are capable to form different classes of resistant revertants with frequency varying from 10(-2) to 10(-6) in independent strains. Ristomycin-sensitive clones (Rims) have been found to occur with high frequency in Cmls strains and Cmlr revertants. Mutations mediating the Rims phenotype are mapped in a locus linked to the gene for resistance to chloramphenicol. The results obtained are discussed, in accordance with the notion about possible role of cml mutation in induction of secondary mutational changes in the genome of S. coelicolor A3(2).

Chloramphenicol Resistance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Q fever in a 5-year-old girl].

The first case of Q fever in Poland in a 5-year girl is presented. A girl is inhabitant of the Lublin region where this disease is of endemic character. Q fever was diagnosed on the base of the clinical examinations and serological tests. The course of the disease was acute. Doxycycline and lincomycin were given. A short time lapse between the treatment and eradication of Coxiella burnetii antigen indicates rather spontaneous recovery.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1979

Partial purification of a toxin found in hamsters with antibiotic-associated colitis. Reversible binding of the toxin by cholestyramine.

A toxin with cytotoxic and enterotoxic activities was isolated from cecal contents of hamsters receiving lincomycin. The toxin was partially purified by ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, (NH4)2SO4 precipitation, and gel filtration. Cytotoxic activity, assayed on monolayers of HeLa cells, was restricted to material that eluted in the molecular weight range of 107,000 +/- 6,000 daltons. Cytotoxicity of crude AAC toxin could be demonstrated at concentrations as low as 0.04 microgram/ml. The toxin was heat labile (55 degrees-60 degrees C for 0.5 hr) and sensitive to trypsinization, acidification at pH 3, or alkalinization at pH 9. Cytotoxic activity was inhibited by Clostridium sordellii antitoxin. Enterotoxic activity of the crude toxin and the cytotoxic fraction from gel filtration was demonstrated by fluid secretion in ligated rabbit ileal loops. Studies were done in vitro with cholestyramine resin, vancomycin, or gentamicin to determine if the toxin was bound or denatured by these drugs. It was demonstrated that cholestyramine bound the toxin, significantly reducing its cytotoxicity. Reversible binding of the cytotoxic material was demonstrated by salt gradient elution. Neither vancomycin nor gentamicin had any effect on the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the toxin.

Ammonium Sulfate↗
PubMed1986

New trends in the chemotherapy of staphylococcal infections.

The authors evaluated the susceptibility of some antibiotics against several Staphylococci subdivided in lyogroups and different resistance patterns: methicillin-susceptible/penicillin-susceptible (MS/PS), methicillin-susceptible/penicillin-resistant (MS/PR), methicillin-resistant/penicillin-resistant (MR/PR) and methicillin-resistant/penicillin-susceptible (MR/PS). The antimicrobial agents used were: methicillin, penicillin, rifampin, tetracycline, lincomycin, erythromycin, gentamicin and netilmicin. Netilmicin showed better activity against all Staphylococcus strains tested, particularly against coagulase-negative.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Isolation and characteristics of plasmids determining multiple antibiotic resistance in strains of group A streptococci].

DNA of the streptococcal plasmid ERLI, determining resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin has been studied. The presence of satellite DNA component in streptococcal DNA has been demonstrated by dye-CsCl and CsCl density centrifugation, by chromatography of denatured-renatured DNA on the nitrocellulose and by electron microscopy. By all these methods the presence of covalently closed circular DNA molecules has been shown. Plasmid DNA has buoyant density in CsCl equal to 1.698 g/cm3 (GC content--38.8%), molecular weight (by electron microscopy) -- 19.8 Mdal; number of copies chromosomal genome equivalent is equal to about 4--4.5. Plasmid ERLI DNA was extracted from an original strain-carrier of plasmid ERLI, from a transduced strain which received plasmid ERLI as a result of transduction and lysogenization by phage "mo" and from the two antibiotic sensitive EMS mutants of resistant strain. Satellite DNA could not be isolated from a sensitive strain which served as a recipient in transduction experiments. The results obtained are in agreement with the literature on the molecular weight of the plasmid measured by the sedimentation analysis and with the previous genetic data on the antibiotic resistance within group A streptococci.

Centrifugation, Density Gradient↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Fragment reaction catalyzed by E. coli ribosomes].

It has been shown that 50S subunits of E. coli MRE-600 ribosomes catalyze the reaction of N-(formyl)-methionyl ester of adenosine 5'-phosphate acting as peptide donor, with Phe-tRNA or CACCA-Phe serving as a peptide acceptor. The reaction is stimulated by cytidine 5'phosphate and inhibited by lincomycin, puromycin and chloramphenicol. The obtained results show that the structure of the donor site of peptidyltransferase is completely assembled on the 50S subunit and 30S subunit is not required for its formation.

Chloramphenicol↗
PubMed1973

Treatment of Streptococcal Pharyngitis. II. In vitro studies of antibacterial activity.

One hundred and forty isolates of beta-hemolytic streptococcus cultured from patients with clinical pharyngitis were studied by disc diffusion for antibiotic sensitivity to lincomycin, erythromycin, cephalexin and penicillin and by agar dilution to cephalexin and penicillin. All isolates were sensitive to </= 0.1 mug./ml. penicillin and </= 1.56 mug./ml. cephalexin. The disc-diffusion test was reliable in predicting the sensitivities in vitro. One strain of group A betahemolytic streptococcus was resistant to erythromycin by disc diffusion. When compared to Lancefield grouping 18% of strains were incorrectly identified as group A by the bacitracin-disc test. Cephalexin was uniformly effective in vitro in inhibiting beta-hemolytic streptococci and the 30 mug. cephalexin disc was reliable in predicting these sensitivities.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1979

Continuing peritoneal lavage in high-risk peritonitis.

A total of 27 patients with peritonitis who were considered to have poor prognoses were treated with a continuing peritoneal lavage of 1.5% Dianeal containing gentamicin sulfate, cephalothin sodium, and lincomycin. Twenty-one patients survived (78%), and only two patients developed intraperitoneal abscesses. The major benefit was found in those patients with gross peritoneal contamination. Anastomotic integrity was not affected by the lavage.

Adult↗