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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Emotion-abstraction patterns in verbatim protocols: a new way of describing psychotherapeutic processes.

The goal of the study was to develop a computer-aided system that is able to identify key moments in transcripts from psychoanalytic sessions and to provide an adequate theory of change. The term key moment refers to 1 or more sessions of a treatment or to segments of a session that are seen as clinically important and often considered to be a turning point or breakthrough and that mirror points of insight as they occur in the course of the psychotherapeutic process. It will be shown that patterns built of combinations of the content analysis variable "emotion tone" and "abstraction" allow for describing therapeutic cycles including key moments. The method is shown successfully for a single case and for a sample of improved and not improved patients.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed2002

New treatments in neurorehabilitation founded on basic research.

Recent discoveries about how the central nervous system responds to injury and how patients reacquire lost behaviours by training have yielded promising new therapies for neurorehabilitation. Until recently, this field had been largely static, but the current melding of basic behavioural science with neuroscience promises entirely new approaches to improving behavioural, perceptual and cognitive capabilities after neurological damage. Studies of phenomena such as cortical reorganization after a lesion, central nervous system repair, and the substantial enhancement of extremity use and linguistic function by behavioural therapy, support this emerging view. The ongoing changes in rehabilitation strategies might well amount to an impending paradigm shift in this field.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Ethnographic analysis of traumatic brain injury patients in the national Model Systems database.

OBJECTIVE: To compare demographics, injury characteristics, therapy service and intensity, and outcome in minority versus nonminority patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Twenty medical centers. PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand twenty patients (men, n=1,518; women, n=502; nonminority, n=1,168; minority, n=852) with TBI enrolled in the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems database. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Age, gender, marital status, education, employment status, injury severity (based on Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] admission score, length of posttraumatic amnesia, duration of unconsciousness), intensity (hours) of therapy rendered, rehabilitation length of stay (LOS), rehabilitation charges, discharge disposition, postinjury employment status, FIM instrument change scores, and FIM efficiency scores. Independent sample t tests were used to analyze continuous variables; chi-square analyses were used to evaluate categorical data. RESULTS DEMOGRAPHICS: overall, minorities were found to be mostly young men who were single, unemployed, and less well educated, with a longer work week if employed when injured. ETIOLOGY: motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) predominated as the cause of injury for both groups; however, minorities were more likely to sustain injury from acts of violence and auto-versus-pedestrian crashes. Minorities also had higher GCS scores on admission and shorter LOS. Rehabilitation services: significant differences were found in the types and intensity of rehabilitation services provided; these included physical therapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language pathology, but not psychology. CONCLUSION: Minority patients who sustain TBI generally tend to be young men with less social responsibility. Although MVCs predominate as the primary etiology, acts of violence and auto-versus-pedestrian incidents are more common in the minority population. Minorities tend to have higher GCS scores at admission. Also, the type and intensity of rehabilitation services provided differed significantly for the various interdisciplinary subspecialties. Rehabilitation charges, discharge disposition, and postinjury employment status were similar for the 2 groups, even though LOS is typically 3 to 4 days shorter for the minority group. A more detailed investigation is warranted to explain these findings.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2006

Language play in children with autism spectrum disorders: implications for practice.

The purpose of this article is to present evidence for the use of language play by children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) within the context of play with peers. A conceptual framework for the development of language play is described. This framework, which is supported by the literature on language play in typically developing children, is used to assess patterns of language play in children with ASD. The findings of a descriptive study are used to provide evidence for language play in the speech of children with ASD during interactions with typical peers and show that children with ASD use language play in a similar way as their typically developing peers with the exception of age of occurrence. Implications for clinicians in their work with children with ASD are discussed as they relate to the existence of language play in children with ASD and the function of language play as a tool for language learning.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed1978

Explorations in the uses of language in psychotherapy: simple empathic statements.

I submit these ideas with hesitation. They seem to rest on a particular assumption widely at variance with contemporary practice and itself difficult to state. The prevailing assumption has been that the content of a person's mental life, symptoms, or experience lay in that person's mind, and that by asking questions, listening, in various ways making ourselves receptive, we could penetrate that mental life. In this traditional manner of thinking, the language of penetration has been secondary to the material being reached. In contrast, I suspect that the language of investigation and therapy is as important as the matter being investigated or treated--that in fact the two bear a symbiotic relationship to each other.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Language, transference, and the developmental context in child analysis.

The meaning of silence and its effect on the transferential relationship in child analysis are examined through the analysis of a ten-year-old boy. Silence is treated as a multiply determined symptom whose origins can be found in the early parent-child relationship but whose meaning is reworked and intertwined with wishes, both libidinal and aggressive in nature, that are aroused during later developmental phases. Silence is conceptualized as a powerful linguistic communication, for once sound is united with meaning, there can be no blank silence. Although silence also serves to defend against the expression of forbidden wishes, it cannot be treated purely as resistance; it is a defining boundary of the arena in which the patient has to be engaged in order for the analysis to proceed. The question of whether the patient needs to speak for the work of interpretation to be mutative is also addressed.

Child↗
PubMed2006

The Interprofessional Rural Program of British Columbia (IRPbc).

The Interprofessional Rural Program of British Columbia IRPbc was established in 2003 as an important first step for the Province of British Columbia, Canada, in creating a collaborative interprofessional education initiative that engages numerous communities, health authorities and post-secondary institutions in working toward a common goal. Designed to foster interprofessional education and promote rural recruitment of health professionals, the program places teams of students from a number of health professional programs into rural and remote British Columbia communities. In addition to meeting their discipline specific learning objectives, the student teams are provided with the opportunity to experience the challenges of rural life and practice and advance their interprofessional competence. To date, 62 students have participated in the program from nursing, social work, medicine, physical therapy, occupational therapy, pharmaceutical sciences, speech language pathology, audiology, laboratory technology, and counseling psychology. While not without numerous struggles and challenges, IRPbc has been successful in meeting the program mandate. It has also had a number of positive outcomes not anticipated at the time the program was established.

British Columbia↗
PubMed1982

Sign language acquisition by a global aphasic.

A left hemisphere-damaged, hemiplegic, and globally aphasic man was taught receptive and expressive language using Total Communication--a combination of standardized sign language and speech. After an initial period during which words (in sign) were learned slowly and with frequent lapses of memory, the subject's learning ability and memory improved dramatically. He has learned to communicate using increasingly complex, syntactically correct sentences, self-correcting his mistakes. He reads and understands simple sentences. These results suggest that it may be possible to restore communicative function even in those stroke victims who remain orally aphasic if a suitable means of expression can be found.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1991

Muddles, bewilderment, and practice theory.

"Useful distinctions in conceptual schemes lead to explanatory or descriptive metaphors that have a clear form. Muddles, on the other hand, are created when useful distinctions that could be drawn are not[,] or when an unnecessary distinction is drawn" (5, p. 71; italics omitted), or when when a useful distinction is minimized or blurred. The field of family therapy (particularly its theories), as a whole, has various muddles of each kind. The purpose of this essay is to describe some of these muddles (in the field and its theories) and to suggest that the distinctions (a) between descriptions of doing therapy that exclude the therapist and descriptions of doing therapy that include the therapist (1, 5-9, 11), (b) between explanation and description, and (c) between ideology and grounded theory, are useful, and that in de-radicalizing and minimizing these distinctions, these differences creates mayhem and muddle--a veritable fog of non-clarity.

Causality↗
PubMed2003

Dialogue and power: a critical analysis of power in dialogical therapy.

This article explores the relationship between dialogue and power in the practice of dialogue-oriented, "not-knowing" forms of therapy. It is argued that power of a dynamic and reversible kind infuses much ordinary social dialogue, and that the joint processes of power and resistance work together to render an interaction dialogical. In contrast, in dialogical therapy, overt exercises of power threaten the interaction's dialogical status, and power is deferred and denied by the therapist through not-knowing practices. A case study of Harlene Anderson's (1997) is used to illustrate that it is precisely power's presence that informs the practices of not knowing and uncertainty that characterize dialogical therapies. It is suggested that the not-knowing therapist withholds aspects of his or her voice as a condition for dialogicity. Instead, special speaking arrangements are required, in which the therapist's not-knowing is continuously communicated to the client, for the therapeutic conversation to remain dialogical. Without these speaking arrangements, I argue that therapy moves toward monologue. Therapists inherit powerful speaking positions from the institutional and sociocultural context, and the rejection of power within therapy serves only to conceal this aspect of power, which nevertheless pervades the therapeutic relationship. Finally, it is suggested that power is a "common factor"--shared by all therapies--and that our status as "inheritors" of power needs to be included in our understanding of the therapeutic process. This expanded view of therapy requires the re-theorization of dialogue, such that it includes, rather than excludes, considerations of power.

Communication↗