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PubMed1987

Modification of sweet acidophilus milk to improve utilization by lactose-intolerant persons.

Enhanced digestion of yogurt by lactose-intolerant individuals is believed to be due to inherent beta-galactosidase (lactase) in the culture organisms that aids in the hydrolysis of ingested lactose. However, sweet acidophilus milk, which contains lactase-rich organisms, does not enhance lactose digestion. Using breath-hydrogen measurements to indicate malabsorption in 14 human subjects, we compared utilization of: milk, yogurt, heated yogurt, yogurt plus lactose, heated yogurt plus lactase, sweet acidophilus milk (SAM), and SAM made with sonicated cells. Results indicate that both the reduction of lactose during fermentation and the presence of indigenous bacterial lactase are responsible for the increased ability to tolerate lactose in yogurt. Improved utilization of SAM by sonication suggests that intracellular lactase is not available during digestion and that sonication releases the lactase activity from the cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Sensitivity of the lactobacilli of the subgenus Streptobacterium to bacteriocins of lactobacilli of different species].

Sensitivity of 167 cultures of Lactobacilli of Streptobacterium to 39 bacteriocins produced by L. acidophilus, L. jugurti, L. salivarius, L. lactis, L. helveticus, L. casei, L. plantarum, L. fermenti, L. brevis and L. buchneri was studied. It was found that the cultures of L. casei were sensitive to 30 types of bacteriocins, while the cultures of L. plantarum were sensitive to 9 bacteriocin types. 89.6 per cent of the cultures of L. casei and all cultures of L. plantarum were sensitive to one or several bacteriocins produced by Lactobacilli of different species.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed2003

In vitro comparative kinetics of adhesive and haemolytic potential of T. vaginalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic females.

The host parasite relationship and pathogenic mechanisms of the commonly reported sexually transmitted urogenital disease, trichomoniasis, are poorly understood. This study was planned to correlate the adhesion properties of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women to vaginal epithelial cells in vitro (in presence and absence of L. acidophilus) and to ascertain the haemolytic activity of the isolates, in order to assess these properties as possible markers of pathogenicity. Cytoadherence assay study shows the significant difference in adhesion only up to first 15 minutes of incubation in symptomatic versus asymptomatic isolates. The presence of L. acidophilus was found to be more effective in enhancing the attachment of T. vaginalis in a time dependent manner mostly operative through its pH lowering effect, whereas the excretory secretory products of L. acidophilus reduced the attachment in case of both symptomatic and asymptomatic isolates. Amount of haemoglobin released by isolates from symptomatic patients was significantly higher than by the isolates from asymptomatic women. This investigation forms the basis for future studies to explore the role of other known virulence factors of T. vaginalis in initiation and persistence of vaginal infection by the parasite.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Salivary microbiota levels in relation to periodontal status, experience of caries and miswak use in Sudanese adults.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present investigation was to assess the salivary levels of 25 oral bacteria in relation to periodontal status and experience of caries, and to compare the levels of these bacteria between habitual miswak and toothbrush users in adult Sudanese subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study subjects consisted of 56 individuals with age range 19-53 years (mean 35.2 years) and included 30 miswak and 26 toothbrush users. The periodontal status and presence of dental caries were assessed clinically. Whole saliva was collected from all subjects, and the levels of 25 selected bacterial species in saliva were assessed by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method using whole genomic DNA probes. RESULTS: A high percentage of the subjects had detectable levels (> or = 105 bacterial cells) of several bacterial species in saliva. Between 12% and 16% of the subjects showed high (> or = 106 cells) salivary levels of the periodontitis-associated bacteria A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. melaninogenica, P. intermedia, C. rectus and E. corrodens, whereas only two (3.6%) and four (7.1%) subjects had high levels of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum, respectively. There were no significant differences in the levels of all or most bacterial species by age group, gender or periodontal status. Presence of > or = 105 L. acidophilus bacterial cells in saliva was associated with high caries scores (p = 0.02). There were significantly higher levels of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. melaninogenica, C. rectus, P. micros, V. parvula, S. mutans, S. anginosus, A. israelii, C. sputigena, and C. gingivalis, and significantly lower levels of P. intermedia, F. nucleatum, S. sputigena, E. corrodens, L. acidophilus, S. sanguis, S. salivarius, S. oralis, and S. mitis in the miswak than in the toothbrush group. CONCLUSIONS: : The findings suggest that miswak may have a selective inhibitory effect on the level of certain bacteria in saliva, particularly several oral streptococci species. This is the first report that the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method can be useful for assessing the levels of a wide range of bacterial taxa in saliva.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Growth-promoting effects of lactoferrin on L. acidophilus and Bifidobacterium spp.

We investigated the effects of lactoferrin on the growth of L. acidophilus CH-2, Bifidobacterium breve ATCC 15700, B. longum ATCC 15707, B. infantis ATCC 15697, and B. bifidum ATCC 15696. The growth of L. acidophilus was stimulated by bovine holo-lactoferrin but not by apo-lactoferrin. With bifidobacteria, bovine lactoferrin stimulated growth of three strains: B. breve, B. infantis and B. bifidum under certain conditions. Both apoprotein and holoprotein had similar effects. However, B. longum growth was not affected by lactoferrin. Thus, the mechanism of stimulating growth of bifidobacteria may be different from that of L. acidophilus. By far-western blotting using biotinylated lactoferrin and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin, lactoferrin-binding proteins were detected in the membrane protein fraction of L. acidophilus, B. bifidum, B. infantis and B. breve. The molecular weights of lactoferrin-binding proteins of L. acidophilus were estimated from SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 27, 41 and 67 kDa, and those of the three bifidobacterial strains were estimated to be 67-69 kDa. However, no such lactoferrin-binding components were detected in the membrane fraction of B. longum. It is interesting that the appearance of lactoferrin-binding proteins in the membrane fraction of these species corresponds to their growth stimulation by lactoferrin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of adapted Maliutka and Malysh Propionibacterium acidophilus mixtures in the combined treatment of acute diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in infants].

The efficacy of the adapted sweet, acidophilic and propionic-acidophilic mixtures Malyutka and Malysh included into a complex of therapeutic measures for acute gastroenterocolitis was studied and compared in 93 infants. The time course of gastroenterocolitis was the most favourable in children fed the propionic-acidophilic mixtures Malyutka and Malysh. As compared to children given the sweet and acidophilic mixtures Malyutka and Malysh, those fed propionic-acidophilic versions of the mixtures demonstrated more rapid elimination of the major symptoms and syndromes of disease and improvement of erythropoiesis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1984

Lactose malabsorption from yogurt, pasteurized yogurt, sweet acidophilus milk, and cultured milk in lactase-deficient individuals.

The use of fermented dairy foods is common in areas of the world where lactase deficiency is prevalent. Recently, we have shown that the digestion of lactose from yogurt is enhanced as compared to that from milk. This enhanced digestion is apparently due to inherent B-galactosidase in yogurt which is active in the gastrointestinal tract after consumption of the yogurt. Furthermore, yogurt is well tolerated by lactase-deficient subjects resulting in little or no gastrointestinal distress. Since other fermented and microbial-containing dairy foods are consumed worldwide and may also contain some "lactase" activity, we chose to evaluate the digestion of lactose from three of these products: pasteurized yogurt, cultured milk (buttermilk), and sweet acidophilus milk. Breath hydrogen techniques were used to evaluate lactose malabsorption in nine lactase-deficient subjects. The studies demonstrated that yogurt is unique among the products tested in enhancing the digestion of lactose. Furthermore, pasteurization of yogurt eliminated the enhanced digestion of lactose, reduced the inherent lactase activity of the yogurt by 10-fold and reduced cell counts by 100-fold. Interestingly, eight of nine subjects fed cultured milk experienced gastrointestinal distress, whereas all subjects fed pasteurized yogurt were symptom free, even though the amount of malabsorbed lactose was similar.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Selected nutrient intakes and blood serum mineral concentrations of elderly humans fed regular and sweet acidophilus milks.

Calorie, protein, fat, calcium, phosphorus and manganese intakes were retrospectively calculated from the self-recorded intakes of 12 elderly humans, who were fed regular and sweet acidophilus milks in addition to their normal free choice diets. Blood serum of the subjects was analyzed for total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus and manganese at the beginning of the study, at cross-overtime of milk treatments and at the end of the study. Total serum calcium, serum ionized calcium and phosphorus levels of the subjects were significantly higher at the end of the eight week study compared to pre-study levels (p < 0.05). The kind of milk had no effect on serum levels of total calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus and manganese. High dietary levels of calcium and phosphorus had no significant effect on serum manganese concentrations.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

A kinetic study of the lactic acid fermentation. Batch process at controlled pH. Reprinted from Journal of Biochemical and Microbiological Technology Engineering Vol. I, No. 4. Pages 393-412 (1959).

Kinetic data are needed to develop basic understanding of fermentation processes and to permit rational design of continuous fermentation processes. The kinetics of the fermentation of glucose to lactic acid have been studied at six constant pH levels between 4. 5 and 6.0 by measuring the instantaneous rates of bacterial growth and of lactic acid formation throughout each fermentation. It was found that the instantaneous rate of acid formation dP/dt, should be related to the instantaneous rate of bacterial growth dN/dt, and to the bacterial density N, throughout a fermentation at a given pH, by the expression when the constants alpha and beta are determined by the pH of the fermentation.

Bioreactors↗
PubMed2000

Direct analysis by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry of mixtures of phosphatidyldiacylglycerols from Lactobacillus.

Electrospray ionization followed by collision-induced dissociation in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer of mixtures of deprotonated phosphatidyldiacylglycerols afforded a group of three diagnostic ions of convenient abundance for each phosphatidyldiacylglycerol (PG) present in the mixture. Thus, it was possible to determine unmistakably the identity and substitution positions (sn-1 or sn-2) for both acyl groups of each PG present in the mixture. The method also allows the study of isomeric mixtures of PG and mixtures containing minor amounts of some PG from crude extracts of Lactobacillus acidophillus. The present results improve those of previous studies using fast atom bombardment and electrospray ionization tanden mass spectrometry, in which it was reported that it was possible to differentiate the identity and position of the sn-2 acyl substituent only by the presence of one ion, with variable abundance.

Lactobacillus acidophilus↗
PubMed2002

Monitoring the migration behavior of living microorganisms in capillary electrophoresis using laser-induced fluorescence detection with a charge-coupled device imaging system.

Remarkably high apparent peak efficiencies (10(6)-10(9) theoretical plates per meter) in capillary electrophoresis (CE) could be achieved in the separation of two different kinds of bacteria and Baker's yeast using poly(ethylene oxide) as a necessary buffer additive. In these applications no deliberate stacking procedure was implemented. Seemingly, the investigated organisms in this study behave differently than molecules under an applied electric field. For molecules, these extremely high efficiencies are very unusual. Using a 488 nm argon-ion laser coupled to a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera it was possible to monitor the migration behavior of stained microorganisms over a length of 10 cm. This part simulates the very beginning of the CE run. In specific cases 60-70% of the monitored detection window could be filled with analyte without significant loss in peak efficiency. For a mixture of two different microorganisms the occurring separation process could be followed in detail. The effect of buffer concentration, polymer type, polymer molecular weight, polymer concentration, pH, and the effect of injection time was investigated. The expansion of fast and reproducible CE separations to other unicellular organisms may become a powerful tool in microbiological science and technology.

Bifidobacterium↗
PubMed1991

[The degradation of vicine and convicine in field bean meal by selected bacterial strains].

Vicine and convicine as natural occurring toxic compounds in Vicia faba are involved in the formation of hemolytic anemia (favism). Removal of these compounds needs high technological expense. Microbiological degradation with different strains of bacteria was tried. After 3 h incubation with Streptococcus faeciens convicine was converted completely and Vicine to about 95%.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1995

Bacterial translocation and intestinal capillary permeability following major liver resection in the rat.

Bacterial infections constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality after major liver resection and mechanisms of this type of complication have been poorly understood. The present study evaluated the translocation of enteric bacteria to mesenteric lymph nodes, viscera, and the systemic circulation and gut capillary permeability of a fine ultrastructural tracer in rats subjected to sham hepatectomy or 70% hepatectomy. Furthermore, the preventive effects of water-soluble ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC) were studied. Cultures of all samples from rats subjected to sham hepatectomy or 70% hepatectomy with preoperative intravenous administration of EHEC were bacteriologically negative. The incidence of bacterial translocation from the gut to the systemic circulation and mesenteric lymph nodes was 30 and 80%, respectively (P < 0.01), and to the liver and kidneys 50 and 40%, respectively (P < 0.05), 12 hr after 70% hepatectomy. Intestinal capillary permeability and endothelial cell membrane permeability increased with the development of bacterial translocation. Translocating bacteria appeared within the cytoplasm of capillary endothelial cells. EHEC restored the changes in gut capillary permeability induced by major liver resection. These results indicate that gut capillary permeability may play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier function and that increased permeability may be associated with the development of gut barrier failure.

Animals↗