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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Information processing in goal-directed movements.

Sensory-motor interaction in pointing at visual targets without sight of the pointing arm was evaluated in human subjects, using information theory. Equations were derived to determine transformation in channels with amplitude-continuous output signals, which overcome the problems involved in dividing the output into discrete bins. The equations were applied to calculate transinformation in our pointing experiment, and to predict transinformation under a variety of different experimental conditions. The results apply also to other systems that can be regarded as channels with similar properties.

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PubMed1979

Effects of trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, and haloperidol upon temporal information processing by schizophrenic patients.

Healthy controls, unmedicated, actively symptomatic schizophrenics, and similar patients undergoing treatment with either trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, or haloperidol were studied with tests of temporal discrimination and measures of transmitted information shown previously to be sensitive to various kinds of brain dysfunction, including haloperidol effects in a nonpsychotic population. Variations in psychophysical method, cognitive load, discrimination complexity, and sense-mode conditions permitted representative sampling of the temporal processing. Untreated, actively psychotic patients showed no impairment of temporal processing while all three antipsychotic medications were associated with significant deficit; trifluoperazine and haloperidol produced the most deficit, with chlorpromazine in the middle between the higher potency drugs on the one hand and unmedicated patients and healthy controls on the other.

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PubMed1987

Modes of perceiving and processing information in birdsong (Agelaius phoeniceus, Molothrus ater, and Homo sapiens).

In a previous study I examined the abilities of red-winged blackbirds and brown-headed cowbirds trained with a go-right/go-left procedure to identify conspecific and alien song themes (Sinnott, 1980). Results showed that each bird species exhibited superior identification of conspecific final "trill" or "whistle" elements, relative to the alien species. The present study extends these results by examining human perception of these same song stimuli, by examining the effects of tutoring birds with alien final song elements, and by using latency analyses to investigate processing modes that are not apparent from analyses of percent-correct scores. Results suggest three different processing modes: First, humans attend primarily to the final song elements. Second, birds identifying alien songs attend primarily to the introductory elements and disregard information in the final elements. Third, birds identifying conspecific songs process both the initial and final elements, but their response latencies indicate that they direct their attention primarily to the initial elements and process the final elements without investing more time than do the alien birds that fixate on the initial elements. Conspecific special processing is discussed in relation to various psychophysical, ethological, and psycholinguistic frameworks. Human perception of birdsong is discussed in relation to backward recognition masking.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Visual and socio-cognitive information processing in primate brain evolution.

Social group size has been shown to correlate with neocortex size in primates. Here we use comparative analyses to show that social group size is independently correlated with the size of non-V1 neocortical areas, but not with other more proximate components of the visual system or with brain systems associated with emotional cueing (e.g. the amygdala). We argue that visual brain components serve as a social information 'input device' for socio-visual stimuli such as facial expressions, bodily gestures and visual status markers, while the non-visual neocortex serves as a 'processing device' whereby these social cues are encoded, interpreted and associated with stored information. However, the second appears to have greater overall importance because the size of the V1 visual area appears to reach an asymptotic size beyond which visual acuity and pattern recognition may not improve significantly. This is especially true of the great ape clade (including humans), that is known to use more sophisticated social cognitive strategies.

Animals↗