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PubMed1995

Randomized clinical trial comparing low power-slow heating versus high power-rapid heating noncontact neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser regimens for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the safety and effectiveness of two noncontact laser regimens for the treatment of human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and to assess the impact of the spatial distribution of the laser-induced lesions on treatment outcome. METHODS: This was a prospective, double-blind, randomized study that included 29 patients with BPH (both the patients and the study physician assistant in charge of the follow-up evaluation were blinded to the treatment rendered). The patients were randomized to receive either a 15 W for 180 s (15 patients) or 50 W for 60 s (14 patients) laser regimen (powers measured at the fiber tip). There were two study phases for each treatment group: the irradiated sites were not overlapping during the first phase (lesions 1.5 cm apart), and were overlapping during the second phase (lesion less than 1.0 cm apart). RESULTS: Morbidity was minimal in both groups. At 1 year of follow-up, there was significant improvement of the American Urological Association-7 symptom score, the peak urinary flow rate, and the postvoid residual in both treatment groups. These improvements were not statistically significantly different regardless of time or the phase of the study for the two treatment groups. There were 3 treatment failures, 2 of whom were later successfully re-treated with larger amounts of laser energy. Furthermore, the peak flows in the second phase of the study were statistically significantly higher than those in the first phase of the study, regardless of the treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that both the 15 W for 180 s and the 50 W for 60 s are equally safe and effective treatments for BPH. Perhaps more importantly, they also suggest that the spatial distribution of lesions and overlapping of treated (irradiated) sites has significant impact on treatment outcome.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Mechanisms of heat damage in proteins. 6. The digestibility of individual amino acids in heated and propionylated proteins.

1. The digestibilities of protein and amino acids have been estimated by two different techniques: the analysis of faeces (conventional method) and the analysis of ileal contents (ileal technique). 2. Freeze-dried muscle protein was found by both techniques to be almost completely digested. After autoclaving, the digestibility for the same protein was estimated by the conventional and ileal techniques to be 0.65 and 0.57 respectively. 3. Unmodified lactalbumin was found by both techniques to have digestibility of about 0.90. Propionylation of the lactalbumin reduced digestibility to 0.82 and 0.79 as indicated by faecal analysis and ileal content analysis respectively. 4. In general, the digestibilities of individual amino acids in any one protein sample were rather uniform, and reflected over-all protein digestibility. For each amino acid, digestibility, as determined by both methods, was lower for the modified protein than for the corresponding control protein: estimates based on ileal content analyses were consistently lower than those obtained by conventional analyses. The ileal technique was considered to be both more convenient and meaningful. 5. From the results obtained by the ileal technique it appears that reduced digestibility is an adequate explanation for the reduction found in nutritional value of the autoclaved protein. In contrast, for the propionylated protein, reduced digestibility of lysine is only a partial explanation of the low availability of this amino acid as estimated by chick growth assay. 6. In our experiments we found that the type of dietary protein used did influence the amino acid composition of the ileal contents. This was most marked with the least-digestible protein. These findings do not support the views of Nasset (1962).

Amino Acids↗