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PubMed1988

Specific serodiagnosis of canine leishmaniasis by indirect immunofluorescence, indirect hemagglutination, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis.

The increased prevalence of leishmaniasis in dogs in Mediterranean countries has necessitated use of a reliable specific method of immunodiagnosis. Research was carried out on 88 dogs, among which were 26 with severe clinical leishmaniasis (group A), 15 with mild signs of disease (group B), and 11 without signs of disease (group C); in addition, 15 were healthy (group D) and 21 were affected with various other diseases (group E). Dogs of groups D and E were used as controls. Infection was confirmed by cultural isolation of the parasite. Serotests that were used included the indirect immune fluorescent (IFAT) and indirect hemagglutination (IHAT) tests and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIEP); using these tests, specific antibodies against Leishmania infantum were detected in all 88 dogs. Sensitivity of the IFAT was 100% in dogs of groups A, B, and C; for the IHAT, it was 65.38%, 60%, and 54.5%, respectively, and for CIEP, it was 96.1%, 80%, and 72.7%, respectively. For dogs of groups D and E, specificity of the IFAT and IHAT was 100%, and for CIEP, it was 100% for group-D dogs and 90.5 for group-E dogs. Indirect immunofluorescence appeared to be the most specific and sensitive of the 3 tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Immunologic methods for the detection of diphtheria toxin (passive hemagglutination and ELISA for toxin detection in cultures and serum)].

A competitive passive hemagglutination assay (cPHA) easy to perform and a highly sensitive ELISA have been investigated for detection of diphtheria toxin from cultures and from human serum. The sensitivity of the cPHA (8 ng toxin/ml) was high enough to detect toxin in pure cultures containing C. diphtheriae. For this application the cPHA proved to be a simple and reproducible alternative to the Elek-Ouchterlony test. Toxin in culture filtrates of nasal and tonsillar swabs containing toxinogenic strains of C. diphtheriae together with germs of the physiological flora and toxin in serum can be detected with the more sensitive Biotin/Streptavidin ELISA (0.6 ng toxin/ml). This allows the confirmation of the clinical diagnosis "diphtheria" within 24-48 h.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Detection of serum gamma interferon in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients using reversed passive hemagglutination method].

In order to detect the difference in serum gamma-interferon levels between patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and normal controls, the reversed passive hemagglutination (RPHA) method was used. Serum gamma-interferon level was determined in 93 patients with NPC, of these, 47 were newly diagnosed, untreated patients. Of the treated patients, 15 had received radiotherapy but were proved later to have distant metastasis. Thirty-one patients had received radiotherapy and survived over 5 years without local recurrence or distant metastasis. Another 47 healthy subjects, age and sex matched with fresh NPC cases, were used as control group. The results revealed that the concentration of gamma-interferon in the serum of neither males nor females showed significant difference (p greater than 0.1). Among the NPC fresh cases, the concentration of gamma-interferon also showed no significant difference in patient serum in either early stages (stages I and II) or later stages (stages III-V) (p greater than 0.1). The serum gamma-interferon level was significantly increased in fresh NPC patients compared with normal controls (p less than 0.05). Concerning the irradiated patients, serum gamma-interferon level was not increased in patients who survived over five years, without relapse, compared with normal controls (p greater than 0.1). However, the serum gamma-interferon level in patients with distant metastasis was higher than in normal controls (p less than 0.05). Also, the serum gamma-interferon level was significantly increased in distant metastatic patients compared with patients without relapse (p less than 0.05).

Female↗
PubMed1988

[Detection of seropositivity against rubella virus in women in the reproductive age and comparison of the rubella hemagglutination inhibition test and the ELISA-IgG test].

In this study Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) and ELISA-IgG tests used for Rubella serology were compared in terms of specificity and sensitivity In addition, 100 sera samples taken from women in pregnancy age were tested for Rubella antibodies. The results indicated that the sensitivity of Rubella ELISA IgG test is 100% and the specificity is 97.4%. The seropositivity of women in pregnancy age was found to be 93% by Rubella ELISA-IgG test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Treponemal hemagglutination test (TPHA). Validity of the micromethod using dilutions of sera 1/20-1/40].

The Authors studied the possibility to use, for the carrying out of the TPHA micromethod, higher serum dilutions, as preliminary investigations had pointed out an insufficient sensitivity of the reaction performed at the 1:80 - 1:160 dilutions, particularly in the primary-secondary phase of the luetic infection. The Authors controlled, preliminarily, that at the dilutions studied, no unacceptable increase of spontaneous hemagglutinations and false positive reactions took place in the test sera. The investigation stressed the acceptability of the methodological modification set forth.

Hemagglutination Tests↗
PubMed1977

[Comparative study of three technics of inverse passive hemagglutination in the search for a surface antigen of the hepatitis b virus (Ag HBs) (author's transl)].

The following three different versions of reverse passive hemagglutination (RPHA) were evaluated for the detection of HBs antigen: Auscell I - Abbott, WH HBs - Wellcome and the hepanosticon - Organon technique and results obtained were compared with those obtained by the radio immuno assay (Ausria II of Abbott). In 493 sera studied, up to 16,8% were found positive by RPHA as compared to 17,2% positives by RIA. The percentage of false positives by the different methods varied from 4,9 to 7,3. Confirmatory tests, either absorption or neutralization, are necessary to ascertain accuracy of positive results in each of the 3 RPHA methods. The high quality of the Auscell and WH HBs confirmative test allows their sole use although they are slightly less sensitive than the RIA. We would recommand use of the Hepanosticon test whenever positive sera can be confirmed by RIA.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1988

[Interrelation between the blood neutrophil damage test and the passive hemagglutination reaction in detecting antibodies].

Statistical analysis of the results of examinations of vaccinees against plague has revealed that the values of the neutrophil damage index (NDI) and antibody titers as determined in the passive hemagglutination (PHA) test qualitatively (but not quantitatively) correlate. The statistical series for the PHA test and NDI belong to different variations, i. e. they describe different functions of antibodies with respect to the same antigen. Besides, the determination of NDI permits the detection of antibodies in 95% of cases with probability equal to 0.06, while the PHA test determines antibodies in 67% of the vaccinees with probability equal to 0.30. The determination of NDI, used as an alternative qualitative method for antibody detection, is particularly effective in the evaluation of faintly immunogenic antigens, as well as at the early and late periods of immune state.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Clinico-laboratory substantiation of possible use of the indirect hemagglutination test for the interpretation of diagnosis of enteropathogenic E. coli carrier state].

The diagnostic value of the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test in deciphering the diagnosis of enteropathogenic E. coli carrier state was found in this work; this was done by comparing the specific antibody level in carriers and patients suffering from coli-infection and also by establishing the correlation between the results of the IHA test and the clinical and laboratory examination of carriers.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

Adherence of Bordetella avium to tracheal mucosa of turkeys: correlation with hemagglutination.

Adherence to turkey tracheal mucosa and agglutination of guinea pig erythrocytes were determined for 20 strains of Bordetella avium. Ten type-I strains, 7 type-II strains, 2 transposon-induced mutants, and 1 revertant were evaluated. All type-I strains adhered readily to tracheal mucosa and agglutinated erythrocytes, whereas no type-II strains adhered to trachea or caused hemagglutination (HA). Two mutants selected for loss of HA activity were less adherent to tracheal mucosa, compared with the parent strain. Reversion of one mutant to HA-positive status was accompanied by reconstitution of much of its adherence capacity. Results of this study provide preliminary evidence that tracheal adherence and HA of B avium are closely related.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Studies on the management of pregnant women having high hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer of rubella virus in the first trimester examination of rubella virus antibody in the pregnant women having high HI titer by different methods and prognosis of their infants after birth].

Several serological studies of rubella virus (RV) infection were carried out on sera of 45 pregnant women having RV hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titer more than 1:512 in the first trimester, including a follow-up study of these women's pregnancies. In order to detect RV-specific IgM antibody, various procedures were employed as follows: Complement fixation test (CF), HI test after treatment of the sera with Protein-A (ProA-HI), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by indirect or sandwich procedures and several tests using fractionated sera by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation (SDG). Positive ratios found with the CF test and ProA-HI were 26.7% and 20.0%, respectively. In indirect ELISA, 4 cases were positive for RV-specific IgM, but all sera were negative in sandwich ELISA and SDG tests. Both RV isolation from urine of some infants and detection of high RV-specific IgM antibody in cord sera failed to be positive. Of 44 pregnancies, 4 cases resulted in spontaneous abortion and all others in normal delivery. These forty normal infants had no sign of congenital rubella syndrome, but one case among them showed polysyndactyly . The results obtained here seemed to indicate that sandwich ELISA is the most valuable and convenient method among the tested procedures for clinically determined diagnosis of recent RV infection in pregnant women having a high HI antibody titer.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1986

Blocking of antibody passive hemagglutination reaction (Bl-AbHAp) as a test for in vitro recognition of type-specific soluble antigens of Clostridium botulinum.

The blocking of hemagglutination reaction (Bl-AbHAp) was used as a new indicating version of the HAp-test applied for rapid, type-specific in vitro identification of the Cl. botulinum A, B, E and F toxic culture supernatants. The laboratory diagnostic system based on the described method and a special computation table is proposed for simple indicating set with 30 minutes results reading of the test.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: detection of measles antibody in serum and cerebrospinal fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), a slowly progressive central nervous system disease, is related to the measles virus. Because laboratory immunoassays are important in the diagnosis of the disease, we compared enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), complement fixation (CF), and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) for the detection of measles antibody in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with SSPE and in controls. Differences in the sensitivity of the three methods were not observed in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients because all specimens were positive, but ELISA and CF were more sensitive that HI for both serum and cerebrospinal fluid from controls. ELISA also distinguished between subacute sclerosing panencephalitis cases and controls with high measles antibody levels (acute measles). Thus, it appears that ELISA for measles antibody is superior to CF and HI in the laboratory diagnosis of SSPE and is the preferred method.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lyophilization of Mycoplasma synoviae hemagglutination antigen.

Two hemagglutination (HA) antigens produced from Mycoplasma synoviae isolates WVU-1853m and FMT grown in Frey's mycoplasma broth were lyophilized for HA preservation. Some increase in the HA titer occurred following lyophilization.

Antigens, Bacterial↗
PubMed1978

[Use of the passive hemagglutination test to diagnose toxoplasmosis].

The authors describe a method of obtaining toxoplasma erythrocytic diagnostic agent by sensitization of formalinized tannin-treated SRBC with purified toxoplasma antigen isolated by fractionation of complete toxoplasma antigen on Sephadex G-100. Comparative experiments with titration of sera of persons with suspected toxoplasmosis were conducted; the passive hemagglutination test with the antigen obtained proved to be highly sensitive in comparison with immunofluorescence and complement fixation tests.

Complement Fixation Tests↗
PubMed1978

Indirect hemagglutination using whole mixed antigen for checking toxoplasmosis immunity and for serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis, compared with immunofluorescence.

The indirect hemagglutination (IHA) is an easy technic for which it is possible to get commercial reactifs. This methode should be used often for the serodepistage of Toxoplasmosis and control of the immunitry anti-toxoplasmosis. We used a technique with total mixed antigen, that was compared with indirect immuno-fluorescence (I.F.I.), for 623 human serums. The I.H.A. was used with sheep formal hematies and coated with glutaraldehyde, with a total mixed antigen prepared from ultra sonicated parasites. This standardised reactive can be kept one year at 4 degrees C. We worked with U well micro-titration plates and the result is obtained after 2 hours. The I.F.I. technique was made with classical methods using Evans blue counter staining. The reproducibility of the I.H.A., during 366 tests was satisfactory. For the control of the immunity anti-toxoplasmic, the results tallied with both methods in more 95% of cases. Lastly, as test of progression, the I.H.A. with total mixed antigen appear an interesting way for the early diagnosis of the Toxoplasmosis where the reaction seems to be positive as soon as I.F.I.

Antigens↗
PubMed1979

[Use of the passive hemagglutination inhibition reaction for the purpose of determining the antigenic activity of anatoxins in vitro].

The work deals with the study of the possibility of using the passive hemagglutination inhibition test (antibody neutralization) for the determination of the antigenic activity of botulinum toxoids, types A, B and E. Erythrocytic diagnostic preparations were shown to allow the determination of up to 0.1 g of antigen. At the same time in vitro determinations were found to satisfactorily correlate with the results of in vivo determinations of the antigenic activity of these toxoids in the antitoxin-fixation test.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Comparative study of 2 latex tests (rubalex and rubascan) with an immunoenzyme test (enzygnost-rubella) and a hemagglutination inhibition test for the study of anti-rubella antibodies].

Four different assays for detection of rubella IgG antibodies, two latex agglutination (Rubalex and Rubascan), one hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and one enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA IgG), were used to test 372 human serum samples. All samples were also tested with a rubella ELISA IgM test and all of them were found negative. The results obtained in 358 (96.2%) out of 372 samples tested were identical with all procedures. Inconclusive results were obtained in 14 (3.8%) specimens, in that there were positive and negative results for the different assays. These 14 specimens were sent to the Institute of Virology in Turku (Finland) and tested by using a hemolysis in gel and a non commercially-available ELISA IgG test. Results obtained with the two last tests were considered definitive. The two latex tests were found equal or better than HAI and ELISA IgG for sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore they were also cost effective and more simple to perform.

Antibodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of Newcastle disease hemagglutination-inhibition test results from diagnostic laboratories in the southeastern United States.

A two-phase comparison was conducted using the Newcastle disease hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test to determine the variation of serologic results from poultry diagnostic laboratories in the southeastern United States. In the first phase of the comparison, most of the 17 participating laboratories in 10 states found the coded negative sera to be negative, and most found the potent sera to have the highest titers. However, there was a wide range of geometric mean titers (GMT's), from 2 to greater than or equal to 113 for the same serum samples. Each laboratory was strikingly consistent at reporting unknown but identical triplicate serum samples to have the same titer, even though the titers were frequently quite different from those of other laboratories. This observation indicated that currently used procedures yielded good reproducibility within individual laboratories but not necessarily between laboratories. In the second phase of the comparison, participants were furnished another set of coded sera, antigen, and a suggested incubation time. The implementation of the recommended incubation period reduced the extent of the lab-to-lab differences, but GMT's between labs still ranged from 11 to 95 on identical serum samples. When all laboratories used the same antigen, the average of the GMT results increased from 38 to 48, but the GMT's from the different laboratories ranged from 7 to more than 2048. Although the comparison exercise resulted in some improvement in uniformity, it was obvious that a continuing voluntary program should be initiated to certify laboratories and promote uniform test methods for specific serologic procedures using coded sera.

Animals↗