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PubMed1998

The nurse scheduling problem: a combinatorial problem, solved by the combination of constraint programming and real users heuristics.

Nurse scheduling consists of assigning shifts and rest to nurses for each day, on a time schedule, taking in account legal and collective constraints, and individual wishes. The Nurse Scheduling Problem (NSP) is a highly difficult and complicated problem that has already be explored using several operational research methods. Nevertheless, those methods are not flexible enough to match the individual requests from nursing staff and they don't allow for effective management of unforeseen absences. This paper explores the use of a Constraint Programming (CP) to build Gymnaste, which is since June 1997 a available package, after five years of a slow research and development process. We describe the way the problem is modeled, the constraints typology, and the interface. In fact, the NSP is also an ill defined problem, making the man computer interface critical to let the user chose the best heuristics. Gymnaste is currently beta-tested on several pilot sites. Schedules have been generated very quickly, typically in less than a minute for 20-30 persons over 4 weeks. An evaluation process is running, which preliminary results also show some interesting sociological and organizational aspects.

Nursing Staff↗
PubMed1999

[Patient medical rehabilitation following osteoplastic operations using hydroxylapatite-based porous ceramic].

At the URIOP Department of Tumours of the Locomotor System, osseous plastic operations were performed with making use of hydroxilapatite-base porous ceramics in 60 patients with benign tumours of bone and tumour-like lesions of bone. Apart from surgery the patients underwent a complex of rehabilitative measures, such as remedial gymnastics, massage, designed to restore locomotor functions of the extremity. Time periods of medical rehabilitation of patients were found to have gotten reduced by 1 to 2 months on the average providing the multimodality treatments with remedial gymnastics and massage were administered.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The history of the development of sports medicine and therapeutic physical exercise in Ukraine].

The article focuses on stages of the history of development of sports medicine and remedial gymnastics in Ukraine. Shown in the article is a high level development of physical culture and its medical maintenance in Ukraine in the beginning of the 20th century. A valuable contribution to the development of remedial gymnastics and sports medicine was made, among others, by Professors O. V. Pocharovska, V. T. Stovbun, I. P. Kalistov, Yu. A. Chiyak, H. L. Apanasenko, S. A. Dushanin, V. V. Klapchuk, V. F. Shapovalova. The role sports medicine has in enhancement of capacity for work and maintenance of health of sportsmen is shown.

Exercise Therapy↗
PubMed2003

[Advantages of ride therapy in different forms of infantile cerebral palsy (therapeutic riding)].

One hundred children with cerebral palsy, aged 3-14 years, were divided into two equal groups, the first one including 50 children assigned to ride therapy and the second one--to Bobath therapeutic gymnastics. All the patients underwent a functional examination, which was rated using score system worked out by the authors, thus enabling a quantitative evaluation of treatment efficacy. In all the cases, physical rehabilitation resulted in a positive but not the same effect, with ride therapy being significantly (p < 0.001) more beneficial treatment compared to therapeutic gymnastics. Ride therapy provides an acquisition of new movement skills, spastics and hyperkinesis reduction and an extreme mobilization of compensatory abilities of developing children brain.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Development of physical and sports activity in patients before and after implantation of a total knee endoprosthesis. A prospective study of 40 patients].

AIM: The aim of this prospective study was to analyse the development of activities of daily living (ADL) as well as sports activities in patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee and undergoing total knee replacement. 40 patients with 42 operated knee joints were included in this study. METHOD: 38 patients (40 knee replacements) recieved a PFC endoprosthesis, 2 patients recieved a GSB endoprosthesis. In 28 cases (71%) we found generalized degenerative joint changes, in 7 cases (17%) a varus deformity and in 2 cases (5%) a valgus deformity. Post-traumatic osteoarthritis was seen in 3 cases (7%). We used the PFC endoprosthesis in patients with stable ligaments, in unstable joints we used the GSB endoprosthesis. Patients were reviewed clinically and radiographically and answered a questionnaire with special reference to ADL (walking, gymnastics, bicycling, homework, swimming, gardening). For evaluation of the results we used the Ranawat & Shine score. Pain was determined with the VAS (visual analogue pain scale). RESULTS: The activity level increased from preoperatively 62.5% up to 91.5% 2 years postoperatively. This was mainly due to walking and gymnastics. Overall sports activities decreased. There was a high uncertainty regarding activities due to patients' lack of knowledge about possible postoperative load capacity of the new joint. The average score according to Ranawat & Shine increased from preoperative 56.98 to 75.89 points out of 100. Most significantly we found an improvement in the pain rating. There was an improvement of 73% under resting and of 81% under activity conditions. CONCLUSION: With this prospective study we can demonstrate the benefit for patients undergoing knee replacement surgery with respect to activities of daily living and especially pain reduction.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2001

Neuromuscular Evaluation of Trunk-Training Exercises.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the neuromuscular activation profiles of trunk muscles in commonly used gymnastic strength exercises with a polymyographic set-up and to describe the training effects of each exercise. DESIGN AND SETTING: Subjects performed 9 repetitions of each of 12 gymnastic exercises. Variations of 5 trunk flexions, 5 extensions, and 2 lateral-flexion movements were performed under standardized test conditions. SUBJECTS: Ten healthy subjects (men and women) who were familiar with the exercises participated in the study. MEASUREMENTS: We recorded surface electromyograms (EMGs) from the rectus abdominis, external oblique, rectus femoris, middle trapezius, erector spinae at T12 and L3, gluteus maximus, and semitendinosus and semimembranosus muscles. Recording of each repetition cycle was triggered by a flexible electronic goniometer attached to the trunk. The raw EMG signals were rectified, smoothed, amplitude normalized to maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and averaged for the last 8 repetitions. RESULTS: Pure spine-flexion exercises, such as a curl-up, produced sufficient and isolated activation (greater than 50% MVC) of the abdominal muscles. When flexion of the spine was combined with hip flexion (sit-up), the peak activation was increased. Lateral-flexion tasks targeted primarily the external oblique muscle, which demonstrated high activity in side-lying flexion tasks. Back- and hip-extension exercises, such as bridging and diagonal hip and shoulder extension, produced only moderate mean activities (less than 35% MVC) in the trunk-extensor muscles. Trunk-extension exercises with combined hip extension increased the EMG activity to 50% MVC but only at the end of the extension. CONCLUSIONS: Individual responses to each exercise varied markedly, which complicated the classification of exercise effects. However, within the limitations of the study, we found that the chosen abdominal exercises provided an effective training stimulus for the trunk-flexor muscles, whereas in the back- and hip-extension exercises, the neuromuscular activation tended to be too low or unspecific to qualify as muscle-specific training.

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postural control in order to prevent chronic locomotor injuries in top level athletes.

Chronic injuries of the locomotor apparatus represent the main cause of drop-out among top level gymnasts. The aim of the present paper was to verify whether the postural control, investigated by using an integrated approach and accordingly optimized, could be an effective tool for the secondary prevention of training-related disorders of the locomotor apparatus, in a cohort of 20 young female athletes practicing rythmic gymnastic at top level. After a preliminary medical consultation all the subjects underwent a static and dynamic baropodometric test, an ophtalmological and a dental screening. Then athletes were given prescriptions based upon the results of the above named examination. After 6 months, symptoms were completely disappeared in 80% and remarkably improved in 20%, and at baropodometric test, the contact duration as well as the contact surface, the max and mean contact pressure were significantly increased in all the athletes. Our data show that the proposed integrated approach is actually an effective tool for the secondary prevention of training related disorders of the locomotor apparatus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Therapeutic approach in the rehabilitation of chronic lower back pain. Comparative study of 3 techniques of lumbar reeducation].

The short-term therapeutic effect of 3 techniques of rehabilitation of the lumbar spine (cyphosis gymnastics, kinebalneotherapy and differenciated rehabilitation) was studied out of 87 chronic lumbalgias selected at random and using one of the three techniques administered by 3 physical therapists. A comparison of these 9 couples (technique, technician) was based on criteria evaluated on a blind basis using the traditional unidimensional analysis and also multidimensional analysis. The cyphosis gymnastic reeducation gives less satisfactory results using 26 criteria out of 27. There is an underlying physical therapy factor. A certain number of prognostic factors with implications for any rehabilitation method and for all of the techniques, were disclosed. The comparative testing methods used in the study of drugs are applicable to rehabilitation techniques. However, it was not possible to carry out a comparative study of a reeducation method with a reeducation placebo.

Back Pain↗
PubMed1992

Anxiety and sport performance.

From the findings summarized in this review, it appears that there is little evidence in support of the inverted-U hypothesis. Available research indicates that there is considerable variability in the optimal precompetition anxiety responses among athletes, which does not conform to the inverted-U hypothesis. Many athletes appear to perform best when experiencing high levels of anxiety and interventions that act to produce quiescence may actually worsen the performance of this group. These findings indicate that there is a need to shift the research paradigm away from theories of anxiety and performance based on task characteristics or group effects and, instead, employ theoretical models that account for individual differences. Hanin's [39, 40] ZOF theory appears to be a good candidate for furthering our knowledge in this area. It was developed on the basis of research with athletes and it explicitly incorporates the concept of individual differences in the anxiety-performance relationship. Most important, because an individual's optimal range of anxiety is precisely defined, the validity of ZOF theory can be directly examined through hypothesis testing, whereas it has been argued that the inverted-U hypothesis is effectively shielded against falsification [84]. Although the findings of ZOF theory indicate that a significant percentage of athletes perform best at high levels of anxiety, Hanin's translated writings do not provide an explanation of why this is so. Further research is clearly indicated, but one explanation for this finding may involve how the athlete interprets or conceptualizes anxiety. For example, Mahoney and Avener [64] found that, although the absolute level of precompetition anxiety was similar between successful and unsuccessful Olympic gymnasts, there were differences in the way the athletes conceptualized the anxiety they were experiencing. The better performers viewed their anxiety as desirable, whereas anxiety was associated with self-doubts and catastrophizing in the unsuccessful gymnasts. Similar differences have been observed in the test anxiety literature where it has been found that poorer test takers perceive their anxiety to be more threatening and debilitating than do better performers [45]. Furthermore, temporal differences in the patterning of anxiety [64], fear responses, or cardiorespiratory measures [28] have been found between successful and unsuccessful performers; this may reflect a difference in the ability to regulate anxiety. It may also be the case that performance is not so much affected by the absolute level of precompetition anxiety as the consistency in the anxiety level across competitions. Athletes may also develop coping strategies that exploit consistent changes in attentional focus that result from elevated anxiety.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Osteoporosis as a cause of pathological fractures].

The risk of bone fractures increases with increasing age. There are two reasons: 1) Accelerated bone loss causes destruction of bone structures and yields reduction in mechanical competence of the skeleton. 2) Increasing risk of falling results from rapid changes in pulse rates or blood pressure but also from reduced consciousness in patients using sleeping pills or sedativa. Inappropriate reactions to stumbling and falling cause increased load on bones during falling. Treatment of osteoporosis must take both aspects into consideration: 1) Drugs such as fluorides, bisphosphonates, calcitonins and oestrogens influence bone metabolism by increasing the bone mass. 2) Gymnastics and training stimulate bone formation; gymnastics and additional physical therapy cause reduction of pain and complaints.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

[Age of menarche and menstruation characteristics of Puerto Rican women athletes].

The purpose of this study was to determine and describe the chronological age, age at menarche (AM), age at initiation of training (AIT), years dedicated to training (YDT), selected menstrual characteristics, use of oral contraceptives, family size (FZ), birth order (BO), martial status, and number of children relative to sport of Puerto Rican women athletes. Fifty five (55) women athletes (track and field n = 6, basketball n = 7, gymnastics n = 5, synchronized swimming n = 9, swimming n = 5, softball n = 14, tennis n = 4 [field tennis n = 2, table tennis n = 2], and volleyball n = 5) members of the Puerto Rico Olympic Committee delegation to the XV Central American and Caribbean Games were interview. The M +/- sd of the variables were as follows: age = 21.0 +/- 5.3 years, AIT = 11.4 +/- 4.3 years, YDT = 9.6 +/- 4.4 years, AM = 13.2 +/- 1.6 years, BO = 2.7 +/- 1.3, y FZ = 3.7 +/- 1.9. Five percent of the sample (gymnasts = 2, swimmers = 1) had not attained menarche at the time of the study. The prevalence for menstrual irregularity and dysmenorrhea was 44.2 and 40.4%, respectively. With respect to the degree of certainty in the recall of age of menarche: 61.5% were very certain, 25% certain, and 13.5% uncertain. The prevalence of the use of oral contraceptives was 7.3%. In conclusion, the results are within the range of those reported for olympic athletes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Injuries in children and adolescents during organized physical education (Czechoslovakia 1976-1987)].

Based on an analysis of 11,307 injuries of children and 29,537 injuries of adolescents, the authors draw attention to the causes and mechanisms of sports injuries. They occurred in the course of 10 years during organized activities in physical training organizations. The greatest proportion of injuries in children occur in gymnastics, figure skating and modern gymnastics. In adolescents there are most injuries during boxing, and during bobsleigh and sledge contents. When assessing the same as in other age groups--an unwanted fall surface of the gymnasium floor or the fault of another person. In adolescents the order is reversed and is similar as in adults. The mechanism of child injuries is the same as in other age groups--an unwanted fall predominates. Children differ markedly from others in the diagnoses: fractures are most frequent, while distortions are much rarer. The method of data collection markedly influences the structure of diagnoses, because the group comprises a minimum of injuries with a short period of therapy which are not paid for by insurance companies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Clinical experiences in the treatment of humeral shaft fractures with the Sarmiento brace].

13 humeral shaft fractures were treated by Sarmiento-brace. Fracture-bracing is a special conservative traumatological management, that permits early remedial gymnastics. Light weight, optimal cosmetic results and quickly rehabilitation of the injured arm are favorable. Cooperation in gymnastics and controls within short times by the doctor are necessary. All our patients of ages under 45 years achieved nearly normal articular function, that increases 95% in comparison to the opposite arm. External rotation and abduction of the shoulder decreased in elder persons. Loss of function could not be avoided completely in critical cases (upper and lower part of the humeral shaft). Side effects were swelling, angulation deficiencies up to 16 degrees and skin lesions. The rate of pseudarthrosis seems very small. In advanced cases of malignomas pathologic fractures were treated by bracing palliatively. Open fractures, vascular damage, nerve palsy, fractures that cannot be controlled by non operative means and multiple injured patients should be treated by operation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Bone maturation and osteoarticular lesions in top level sportsmen. Apropos of 105 cases].

At the time of the European Gymnastics Championships (Lyon, 1980), X-rays of the left wrist were taken in 105 high level junior athletes. Most importantly, we found a delay in bone age in 73% of the boys and in 78% of the girls, which is probably related to an unbalanced diet and to repeated micro-trauma to the growing epiphyses. In particular, we observed traumatic lesions at the distal extremity of the radius with considerable frequency (83% of gymnasts). They are sometimes accompanied by cubital lesions and they are due to an increased fragility in the epiphyso-metaphyseal region due to the delay in bone maturation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Four-year study of university athletes' dietary intake.

Baseline dietary intake data were collected for four years on 10 men's and 6 women's university athletic teams. Caloric intake means for specific teams were higher than those stated in nutrition textbooks (5,270 kcal for football, with a 14,000 kcal per day maximum). Athletes' caloric intakes cannot be grouped, as some athletes (wrestlers and gymnasts) have low intakes (400 kcal per day). Protein intake of all athletes except wrestlers and gymnasts is high (in many cases more than twice any recommendation). The diets of teams with high caloric intakes had a high (more than 50%) fat content. The fat content of the diets of other athletes ranged from 30% to 40%. The wrestling team had more members with poor nutrient intake (less than two-thirds of recommendations) than any other team. Poor vitamin A intakes were noted for all athletic teams studied. Low potassium intakes also were common. Members of women's teams had low iron intakes even though their protein and caloric intakes were high.

Computers↗
PubMed1980

[Children's mandible fractures (author's transl)].

At Lyon's Maxillo-facial Surgery Center, children's mandible fractures represent 8% treated fractures at admited sick people (35 children for 56 fractures) for 1976-77-78. We insist on the treatment used in our center for articular region fractures: mandibular gymnastic in propulsion and laterality with a good result, orthopedic treatment only in case of gymnastic's failure. The other anatomic types are treated by orthopedic, surgical or mixed method, according to teething age, and fracture's diastasis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

[Exercise therapy in the ambulatory treatment of chronic ischemic heart disease].

In conducting physical exercises for persons with chronic ischemic heart disease in out-patient clinics, it is advisable to distribute these patients into groups according to their capacity for movement and the presence of clinically manifest concomitant diseases (hypertensive disease, osteochondrosis deformans of the spine). The program of the movement regimens for out-patient treatment must be planned with due consideration for the energy cost and energy level of the separate forms of remedial gymnastics, the time of day, and the day of the week. The proper training effect is achieved by the combined use of the separate forms of remedial gymnastics and exercises (walking and running) which improve the general endurance.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Age at menarche and selected menstrual characteristics in athletes at different competitive levels and in different sports.

Ages at menarche in 110 non-athletes, 59 high school atjletes, 53 college athletes, and 18 olympic volleyball candidates were determined through interview. The athletes attained menarche significantly later than the non-athletes (p less than .001), and the olympic athletes attained menarche significantly later than the high school and college athletes (p less than .001). The high school and college athletes did not differ significantly in the mean age at menarche. When menarche in college athletes was analyzed by specific sports, the small samples of participants in golf (n = 4), volleyball (n = 7), swimming (n = 7), basketball (n = 16), and gymnastics and track (n = 6) did not differ significantly from each other in the mean age at menarche. The olympic volleyball aspirants attained menarche significantly later than all sport-specific groups (p less than .05 to p less than .001) except the gymnastics-track and tennis (n = 13) athletes. Smaller samples of non-athletes (n = 27) and college athletes (n = 21 from volleyball and basketball), plus the olympic athletes were also interviewed regarding selected menstrual characteristics. Although the athletes reported a greater incidence of dysmenorrhea and menstrual irregularity, none of the chi square values comparing the three groups was significant.

Adolescent↗