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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Exposure to anesthetic gases and reproductive outcome. A review of the epidemiologic literature.

A variety of evidence suggests that chronic exposure to low doses of anesthetic gases, as occurs in the occupational setting, is a risk factor for spontaneous abortion and congenital defects. The major epidemiologic studies are reviewed, and it is suggested that, due to significant flaws in the design and conduct of these observational studies, there is inadequate evidence to conclude that occupational exposure to anesthetic agents causes increased rates of spontaneous abortion or congenital anomalies.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1979

[Radiological changes of the lungs induced by inhalation of irritating gases (author's transl)].

The radiological changes and clinical symptoms induced by in 109 persons by inhalation of irritant gases are described. Seven persons developed pulmonary oedema, abnormal radiological manifestations were observed in 19 while 81 persons there were no detectable radiological changes. Toxic pulmonary oedema is frequently detected earlier by roentgenologic means than clinically. The length of the radiological latent period depends not only on the concentration of the irritant but also on the type of the gaseous substance. The first roentgenologic signs of toxic pulmonary oedema are broadening and blurring of the outline of the hilar vessels. The pulmonary changes are characterized initially by disseminated small to medium sized shadows in the central portion and base of the lungs; later they tend to spread and merge.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Comparative study on x-ray and scintigraphie pictures and blood gases in sarcoidosis (author's transl)].

Scintigraphic examination of the lungs in sarcoidosis has been used as a supplement method of the functional examination. Perfusion scintigraphy enables to locate places with lowered regional perfusion in the form of spotted fall outs. In some cases of hilar lymphonodular forms of sarcoidosis we can already find some diffuse spotted fall outs of perfusion even if parenchymatous changes are still not visible. Up to now we have not seen any lobar or alar fall outs of radioactivity, as they can be found in central types of bronchogenic carcinoma. In sarcoidosis with micro- or macronodular X-ray shadows the scintigraphic defect in its extent sometimes does not correspond to these changes. On the basis of our material the mutual relation between scintigraphic pictures on one hand and blood gases on the other hand could not been neither confirmed nor eliminated.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1980

[The effects of flunitrazepam and benzoctamine on the blood gases during translumbar aortography in spinal analgesia (author's transl)].

In thirty patients the influence of intravenous Flunitrazepam (0.4-0.8 mg) and Benzoctamine (10-20 mg) on blood gases during short acting diagnostic procedures in spinal anaesthesia in prone position was investigated. The changes of paO2 and PaCO2 were neglectible after Benzoctamin and a control group up to 10 minutes after injection. After Flunitrazepam there was a significant reduction of paO2 and rise of paCO2. The results are discussed.

Anesthesia, Spinal↗
PubMed1980

[The influence of flunitrazepam on the blood gases during subarachnoid block in geriatric patients (author's transl)].

Fifty-three geriatric patients under subarachnoid block for orthopaedic surgery received flunitrazepam 0.3-0.4 mg intravenously. Blood gases were checked while breathing room air. This dose caused a significant but small respiratory depression (p less than 0.05). These results confirm other reports on flunitrazepam, but used without spinal anaesthesia. There was no case, however, who needed ventilatory support. Top up doses up to a total of 1 mg caused no further significant changes. We feel that Flunitrazepam is a useful drug for sedation during regional block including poor risk patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Long term effects of low concentrations of noxious gases on the respiratory system: results of an epidemiological study among iron mines workers in Lorraine (France). (author's transl)].

An epidemiological study of 1,178 iron-mine workers in the Lorraine basin was conducted in order to assess the long-term effects on the respiratory system of low concentrations of noxious gases produced by the machinery and explosives in use. The subjects were selected at random from 5,300 workers who were aged between 35 and 55, had been in the mines for at least five years and who were free from radiological abnormalities such as siderosis, tuberculosis, fractured ribs, etc. For each subject a standard questionnaire (E.C.S.C. bronchitis/emphysema questionnaire) was completed and a clinical examination was performed along with the following tests-vital capacity; forced expiratory volume in 1 second; residual volume; acetylcholine test; steady state CO test for calculation of total and partial transfer functions. A venous blood sample for the determination of blood CO was taken as the subject left his place of work.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Electrochemical sensors for invasive and non-invasive monitoring of blood gases.

The need for continuous monitoring of blood gases in critically ill patients has become more and more evident during the past years. Electrochemical sensors appear to be most appropriate for such measurements because of their simplicity, ease of use and low cost. Intravascular sensors and skin surface sensors for pO2 and pCO2 are available today in different degrees of technical maturity. In the case of intravascular sensors, the use of surface heparinisation techniques may lead to considerable functional improvements. In the case of skin surface sensors, a reliable method for simultaneous measurement of cutaneous blood flow is needed. Laser doppler flowmetry appears to be a promising method for this purpose.

Blood Gas Analysis↗
PubMed1981

[Etomidate-infusion-anaesthesia. I. Haemodynamics and blood gases analyses in the early postoperative period (author's transl)].

The influence of etomidate-infusion anaesthesia on blood pressure, heart rate and blood gases in the early postoperative period has been investigated on 14 patients. An infusion model for etomidate is described. Blood pressure and heart rate remained unaltered. There was only a max. fall of pO2 for 7.7% and a max. rise in pCO2 for 5.4%. Metabolic parameters did not change.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Exposure to anesthetic gases: risk and prevention].

Several studies published during the last fifteen years seem to demonstrate that major risks, i.e. congenital malformations in the offspring and increased rate of spontaneous abortions, are associated with occupational exposure to anesthetic gases (halothane and nitrous oxide) in operating rooms. In view of the severity of the potential risk, we have: 1) analyzed risk factors in the light of epidermiologic and experimental studies; 2) determined the threshold levels of air pollution for these risk factors; 3) analyzed the situation in the Grenoble Hospital and the means of dealing with it.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1983

Effect of sodium nitroprusside on arterial blood-gases in man during general anesthesia.

The effect of SNP on arterial blood gases was studied in a series of 25 patients undergoing neurosurgical operations. The PaO2 was slightly decreased after SNP infusion. The PaCO2 and the pH remained unchanged. Though this decrease in PaCO2 was not statistically significant the possible mechanisms and the clinical importance of this effect are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Effect of treadmill exercise on blood gases and acid-base balance in patients with intermittent claudication.

Blood gases and lactate and pyruvate concentration were measured in arterial and popliteal venous blood in 6 control subjects and 34 patients with intermittent claudication before, during, and after treadmill exercise of 10 min duration. Oxygen saturation, oxygen extraction, base excess, and standard bicarbonate were calculated. The transition from resting supine position to upright position on the treadmill caused the popliteal venous oxygen saturation to fall from 49.4% to 26.3%. In patients, during exercise a further decrease (to 11%) was observed. During treadmill exercise the popliteal venous PO2 did not fall below 16.5 +/- 1.1 mm Hg in the controls. Individual values during exercise varied between 6.4 mm Hg and 17.9 mm Hg in patients. A critical oxygen pressure was reached in 10 patients. Lactate concentration was found to increase to values as high as 14 mmol/l in popliteal venous blood. The lactate-pyruvate ratio varied between 12.9 and 106.3 during exercise, and the corresponding values for venous blood pH were 7.38 and 6.92. Changes in the PCO2, lactate, and pH in arterial and popliteal venous blood showed a significant correlation. The decrease in the base excess was greater than the corresponding increase in the blood lactate concentration. It is concluded that analysis of the acid-base balance in patients with intermittent claudication is best carried out by the regional catheterization technique.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1984

Dobutamine effects on blood gases and hemodynamics in acute myocardial infarction with heart failure.

We studied the effects of dobutamine on blood gases, venous admixture and hemodynamics in ten patients suffering an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with left heart failure. After one hour infusion of dobutamine (mean dose: 6.3 micrograms/kg X min) there was an increase in cardiac index (27%, P less than 0.005), and a decrease in pulmonary wedge pressure (13%, P less than 0.025) and right atrial pressure (25%, P less than 0.025). The increase in oxygen delivery (23%, P less than 0.005) and mixed venous oxygen tension (10%, P less than 0.01) were neither accompanied by significant change in low arterial oxygen tension nor in high venous admixture. We conclude that dobutamine improves hemodynamics and oxygen delivery in AMI without affecting existant intrapulmonary shunting.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Blood gases analyses during short anaesthesia with fentanyl and etomidate (author's transl)].

Etomidate 0,3 mg/kg body weight and fentanyl 0,1 mg were given intravenously to two groups of patients--different by age--whilst spontanously breathing room-air. The effects on arterial blood pressure, heart rate and blood gases (arterial) were measured. In neither group did arterial blood pressure and heart rate changed appreciably but a significant fall of pO2 was found. There was only a small influence on acid-base-metabolism.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1978

[The effect of naloxone and levallorphane following fentanyl on the blood gases, EEG and psychodiagnostic tests (author's transl)].

After administration of fentanyl, 0.15 mg naloxone or levallorphan or placebo were given several times and in increased doses and at same intervals of time to six volunteers. The experiment has been done after the rules of a double blind study. Naloxone has shown its superiority to levallorphan. The study demonstrated a faster and better action of naloxone in the way of a return to initial conditions of respiratory frequency, blood gases, and EEG. The concentration and attention faculties after naloxone have become clearly better in contrary to the results after levallorphan. At the end of an anaesthetic procedure, the greatest care should be given to the patient. First of all effective antagonism of the respiratory depression should be obtained without concomitant sedative and psychomimetic effects. The use of antagonists with agonist properties to reverse respiratory depression due to a morphinomimetic drug is not justified and so naloxone should supplant levallorphan.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Arterial blood gases, pulmonary function and pathology in rats exposed to 0.75 or 1.0 ppm ozone.

Arterial blood gases, residual lung volume (RV), deflation pressure volume (PV) curves, pulmonary pathology and body weight changes were studied in rats exposed up to 14 days to either 0.75 or 1.0 ppm ozone. Arterial PO2 and body weights decreased progressively with length of exposure while PaCO2 and RV increased. The slope of the PV curve decreased in all groups exposed to ozone. Pathological changes in the lung increased in severity with concentration and length of exposure. The present findings have shown that arterial blood gas measurements represent a sensitive index of altered lung function in rats, a species very sensitive to ozone exposure.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The influence of heparin on haemodynamics and blood gases during abdominal aortic surgery.

Central haemodynamics and blood gases were measured in 26 patients undergoing elective aortic surgery for atherosclerotic or aneurysmal disease. Recordings were made at seven defined time points, starting before anaesthesia and ending 30 min after declamping of the aorta. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, one receiving heparin at an early stage and the other at a late stage of the operative procedure. A declamping shock phenomenon could be prevented by thorough blood and fluid replacement. After removal of the aortic clamp the cardiac output increased, except in a few patients who were considered preoperatively to be poor risks. A significant decrease in arterial oxygen tension and increase in pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures occurred in patients receiving heparin at a later stage. The effect of heparin points to possible intravascular coagulation and pulmonary microembolism during the operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Effects of alterations of inspiratory and expiratory pressures and inspiratory/expiratory ratios on mean airway pressure, blood gases, and intracranial pressure.

Twenty neonates requiring mechanical ventilation for respiratory failure, including 13 with hyaline membrane disease, were studied to assess the effects of alterations in ventilator settings on mean airway pressure (MAP), blood gases, and intracranial pressure (ICP). The study involved random alterations in peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and inspiratory/expiratory ratio while MAP, PaO2, ICP, and end-tibal PCO2 were continuously monitored. The results showed a significant relationship between MAP and PaO2 that was expressed as the change in PaO2 per millimeter of mercury change in MAP (delta PaO2/delta MAP) with a mean delta PaO2/delta MAP of 4.92. The delta PaO2/delta MAP was highest for changes in PEEP (6.08), followed by PIP (5.07), and inspiratory/expiratory ratio (1.9). There was a significant relationship between alterations in PEEP and PIP vs PaCO2 and pH. Increases in PEEP and decreases in PIP resulted in an elevated PaCO2 and a lowered pH, and decreases in PEEP and increases in PIP resulted in a decreased PaCO2 and an elevated pH. There was no significant relationship between MAP and ICP, but there was a significant association between delta ICP and delta PaCO2 during alterations in PIP (r = .64, P less than .001). Increases in PEEP will lead to the greatest increase in PaO2 per change in MAP, followed by increase in PIP and inspiratory/expiratory ratio using a pressure-limited ventilator.

Airway Resistance↗