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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Electroconvulsive therapy for a schizophrenic patient in catatonic stupor with joint contracture.

The successful use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for a patient in catatonic stupor with joint contracture is reported. A 53-year-old woman, who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia, developed a catatonic stupor unresponsive to neuroleptics. Physical emaciation gradually developed under food refusal and poor nutrition. Joint contracture of her extremities resulted from the long period of being bedridden in the same posture. In this case, modified ECT was dramatically effective for catatonic stupor without any complication despite the joint contracture.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1977

[Atyptical forms of anorexia nervosa].

The paper is concerned with a description of a special form of nervous anorexia related to the presence of vomitophobia. The disease appears on the background of a somatogenic asthenia as a psychogenic reaction and leads to an expressed vomiting reaction. The vomiting reaction becomes fixated with a habitual form of reaction and eventually leads to an emaciation and a development of a special vomitophobic syndrome (vomitophobia proper, voluantary and involuntary vomiting, limitation in food as a measure against vomiting, depression, special ideas of reference).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Alloxan diabetes in spontaneously hypertensive rats: gravimetric, metabolic and histopathological alterations.

In order to investigate the combined effects of diabetes and hypertension on the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, adult male and female SHR rats which develop hypertension spontaneously were given a single, 10 mg or 15 mg/100 g body wt. injection of alloxan s.c. to induce moderate or severe diabetes. Insulin was deliberately withheld. Animals were examined by autopsy daily for 7 days post-alloxan and after 4 and 8 weeks. Mortality was high--only 52% of the males survived as against 80% of the females. Most deaths occurred on Day 5 and were associated with adrenal haemorrhage and hyperplasia, thymus galnd involution, fatty liver and marked hypotension despite elevated aldosterone levels. During the first week, corticosterone levels increased significantly in the male; in females they showed little change. After 4 weeks, the severly diabetic animals became emaciated and moribund; corticosterone and aldosterone levels fell to very low levels despite adrenal hyperplasia. The beta cells of the moderately diabetic animals eventually lost their ability to secrete insulin and these animals too became cachetic and moribund with concomitant elevation of lipid, glucose and BUN levels, as well as myocardial infarction, fatty liver, and generalized hyalin arteriolo-, arterio-, and nephrosclerosis. It is suggested that the combined hormonal and metabolic alterations of diabetes and hypertension reinforced one another in these spontaneously hypertensive rats, leading to intense stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system, the exacerbation of those cardiovascular degenerative changes known to be associated with uncontrolled diabetes or hypertension, eventual impaired adrenocortical steroidogenesis, hypotension and death.

Aldosterone↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Runting of ducklings associated with Cochlosoma anatis infection.

Ducklings, especially common goldeneye (Bucephala clangula), experiencing poor weight gain and delayed development were reported from a waterfowl park during June and July of 1990. Runting was first noticed between days 5 and 10 post-hatch in the "brooder" building, and although ducklings appeared active and were feeding, they developed at a slower rate than other members of their clutch. Many ultimately died of emaciation and gram-negative bacterial septicemia. Necropsies of affected ducklings revealed large numbers of the intestinal flagellate Cochlosoma anatis, in both the small and the large intestine; however, autolysis impaired histological interpretation in many cases. Inoculation of 1-day-old Muscovy ducklings with feces containing large numbers of C. anatis resulted in poor weight gain and delayed tail-feather development compared with uninoculated control ducklings. Weight gain improved after treatment with metronidazole. Cochlosoma anatis is associated with the runting syndrome observed in ducklings at the waterfowl park.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Debilitating cutaneous poxvirus lesions on two captive houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata).

Poxvirus was isolated from cutaneous nodules on two young Houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata) bred in captivity in Saudi Arabia. Birds were emaciated and presented nodules on tibiotarso-tarsometatarsal joints, toes, and the carpal joint. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology, virus isolation on inoculated chorioallantoic membranes of embryonated chicken's eggs, and electron microscopy. Progressive leg lesions were extensive and interfered with walking, significantly debilitating the birds. Successful excisions of these lesions were performed.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Pathophysiology of swine trichuriasis.

Infection of pigs by the whipworm (Trichuris suis) resulted in profuse diarrhea on postinfection days 17 to 21. Anorexia, retardation of growth, dehydration, and emaciation were observed in infected pigs. Scanning electron micrography showed nematodes embedded in the mucosa of the cecum and colon, with resultant disruption of the mucosa. Infected pigs had decreased values of albumin, amylase, calcium and creatine phosphokinase, but increased values of alpha-, beta-, and gamma- globulins, total iron-binding capacity, copper, potassium, uric acid, and aspartate aminotransferase.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

An outbreak of bovine tuberculosis in a free-living African buffalo (Syncerus caffer--sparrman) population in the Kruger National Park: a preliminary report.

Bovine tuberculosis was diagnosed for the first time in an African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in the Kruger National Park (KNP). The index case was a 2-year-old, emaciated bull which had been found recumbent and obviously ill, near the south-western boundary of the KNP, in July 1990. During a follow-up random sampling of 57 buffalo, from two herds in close proximity to this initial case, nine more suspect cases were found. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from a lung and thoracic lymph node, respectively, of two of these cases. Histopathologically, all nine of these animals had granulomatous lesions compatible with a diagnosis of mycobacteriosis, but acid-fast organisms could be demonstrated in only one animal.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Description of cellulitis lesions and associations between cellulitis and other categories of condemnation.

A total of 110 broiler flocks processed in a single processing plant in southern Ontario were studied for purposes of describing the cellulitis lesions and investigating possible associations between cellulitis and other categories of condemnation at the processing plant. Two hundred and ninety-five carcasses condemned for cellulitis were examined. They came from 65 of the 110 flocks. The lesions tended to be unilateral with most carcasses (87%) having one lesion. The majority of the lesions (92%) were located on the abdomen. Almost 65% of the lesions were large (> or = 8.1 cm2), and 27% were medium (2.1-8.0 cm2). On the basis of gross appearance, 69% of the lesions were classified as severe, 26% moderate, and 5% mild. Of 149 lesions examined histologically, 74% were classified as chronic, 21% ongoing, and 5% mild-acute. Condemnation data from the 110 broiler flocks were analyzed using Poisson regression. Simple relationships were examined between a count outcome (number of cellulitis-condemned carcasses per flock) and other categories of condemnation and average bird weight. Cellulitis was significantly associated with average bird weight (P = 0.0018), Escherichia coli-related conditions (SEROSITIS; P < or = 0.0001), ascites (P = 0.0004), cyanosis (P < or = 0.0001), valgus varus deformity (P < or = 0.0001), REJECT (combined carcass condemnations for bruising, mutilation, and contamination; P = 0.0003), and the interaction terms "average bird weight and ascites" (AVWT*ASCIT; P < or = 0.0001) and "average bird weight and cyanosis" (AVWT*CYAN; P < or = 0.0001). Average bird weight, SEROSITIS, ascites, cyanosis, valgus varus deformity, and AVWT*ASCIT were the only significant factors after adjusting for clustering. No association was observed between cellulitis and emaciation and dead on arrival. Variables significantly associated with cellulitis in the multivariate analysis could be considered as potential predictors. These predictors may share common risk factors predisposing broiler chickens to cellulitis.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1996

The effect of parasites on wildlife.

Populations of animals which live in the wild are regulated by many biotic and abiotic factors. Parasites are one of the biotic factors. Parasites may influence their hosts in different ways. They may cause the death of the host due to a direct lethal effect or an indirect effect. Direct lethal effects may occur if killing is a part of the life cycle of the parasite or if hosts and parasites have not developed an equilibrium. The introduction of hosts or parasites into a new environment with suitable hosts or parasites is an example. Death by parasitism may also be caused by a combination of the emaciating effects of parasites combined with factors such as bad weather conditions, environmental pollution or human handling. Parasites may also influence the behaviour of their hosts. If the hosts are intermediate hosts in the life cycle of the parasites, the alterations in behaviour may make them an easier prey for their predators, the final hosts. Parasites may also influence the reproductive success of the hosts. In this respect the relationship between the red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus) and the caecal nematode Trichostrongylus tenuis has been well worked out.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Bilateral meningococcal pneumonia in a young Japanese woman].

A 22-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with complaints of fever, loss of appetite, coughing, sputum production, and right-sided chest pain. The chest X-ray film and computed tomogram showed infiltrates in both lower lung fields. Meningococcal pneumonia was diagnosed when a sputum culture was found to be positive for Neisseria meningitidis. Infection with this organism is uncommon in Japan. The patient had never gone abroad, and the route of infection was unknown. N. meningitidis is a rare cause of respiratory infections. When this organism does cause respiratory disease, it is usually acute bronchitis rather than meningococcal pneumonia. The patient in this case was not immunodeficient. She was also not deficient in a terminal lytic component sequence (deficiency in that sequence promotes meningococcal infection). The patient was emaciated and malnourished, which was thought to have made her more susceptible to infection. Orally administered DU-6859a, one of a new generation of quinolones, was very effective and had no side effects.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Neuroendocrine disorders in anorexia nervosa--primary or secondary?].

Anorexia nervosa is associated with multiple endocrine abnormalities. Hypothalamic neuropeptides and monoamines are involved in the regulation of human appetite, and they are changed in several ways in anorexia nervosa. But it remains to be clarified whether these alterations are secondary or etiologic. Feeding behaviour in anorexia nervosa is characterised by a strong ambivalence and not by loss of appetite. Hypothalamic amenorrhea is a diagnostic criterion, and is not only secondary as it often precedes the weight loss and persists for a long time after weight and motor activity have returned to normal. Hypersecretion of corticotropin releasing hormone seems to be secondary to starvation, but at the same time it may keep up and intensify the anorexia, physical hyperactivity and amenorrhea. Low production of insulinlike growth factor-I and high growth hormone secretion reflects the nutritional deprivation. In conclusion most of the neuroendocrine abnormalities are secondary to weight loss, but some of them seem to participate in a circulus vitiosus and maintain the emaciated state.

Anorexia Nervosa↗
PubMed1996

[Obstructive jaundice as a presentation form of bronchogenic small cell carcinoma].

We report a patient having a non-diagnosed small cell lung cancer, presenting with a clinical picture comprising emaciation, hepatomegaly, progressive jaundice, bilirubinuria and clay-colored stools. Computed tomography showed intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary duct dilatation. The cause was compression of the common bile duct by metastatic enlarged lymph nodes in the porta hepatis. Clinical suspicion arose because of a mass found on the chest X-ray film and a positive cytologic sputum examination. The definitive diagnosis was obtained by bronchoscopy and biopsy.

Carcinoma, Bronchogenic↗
PubMed1996

[Toxic megacolon secondary to ischemic colitis. Report of a case].

We report a 67 years old male that consulted due to bloody diarrhea of several months of evolution and emaciation. According to endoscopic and radiological findings, the diagnosis of severe ulcerative colitis was made. Fifteen days after admission, the patient was subjected to an emergency total colectomy due to a toxic megacolon. The pathological study showed an ischemic colitis with extensive longitudinal ulcers in the antimesenteric border, presence of granulation tissue with inflammation and transmural fibrosis. Intestinal transit was reconstituted six months later and after 12 months of follow up the patient is in good conditions.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Concomitant laparoscopic cholecystectomy and splenectomy for surgical management of hereditary spherocytosis.

Laparoscopic splenectomy is rapidly becoming a common treatment modality in the surgical management of hematological processes involving the spleen. Hereditary spherocytosis is the most common red blood cell membrane disorder, and its diagnosis is often associated with hemolytic crisis and premature cholelithiasis. This condition has not been successfully treated laparoscopically until recently, and to our knowledge, the technique of concomitant laparoscopic splenectomy and cholecystectomy described here is the first reported in U.S. literature. Our patients, a 16-year-old 5-foot 3-inch-tall 90 pound emaciated albino, presented with cholelithiasis, splenomegaly, and anemia. Because of persistent anemia and gastrointestinal symptoms, the patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and splenectomy. The cholecystectomy was performed in a standard laparoscopic fashion. An additional 12-mm trocar was utilized for takedown of the spleen. The umbilical incision was extended to 4.5 cm, and the spleen was extracted manually. Total operative time was 12 hours. Examination demonstrated a 15 x 10 x 5-cm spleen, which weighed 350 grams. The gallbladder microscopically showed cholecystitis and had several stones. In conclusion, we present a combined laparoscopic cholecystectomy and splenectomy for hereditary spherocytosis associated with splenomegaly, cholelithiasis, and cholecystitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

[Vomiting as a symptom of a developing psychological eating disorder in a 15-year old girl].

A case of difficulties in diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in a 15-year-old girl is reported. Before 1960, anorexia nervosa was rarely recognized, and bulimia was not known, as a nosological entity. Over the last two decades the occurrence of anorexia nervosa and bulimia has been on the rise. The disorders of ingestion usually begin as merely dietetic habits. However, they may, lead to heavy losing of weight accompanied by emaciation. Successful treatment depends on appropriate therapy managed by a psychologist, psychiatrist and endocrinologist.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Debilitating cutaneous poxvirus infection in a Hodgson's grandala (Grandala coelicolor).

A case of cutaneous avian pox infection in a Hodgson's grandala (Grandala coelicolor) is described. The bird was emaciated and had nodules on the eyelids, bill, neck, legs, and toes. Eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were visualized by light microscopy in epithelial cells of the cutaneous nodules. Electron microscopy revealed numerous pox virions in the inclusion bodies. This is the first report of cutaneous poxvirus infection in a Hodgson's grandala.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical illness in a wild turkey with Laminosioptes cysticola infestation of the viscera and peripheral nerves.

Laminosioptes cysticola, the fowl cyst mite, was found in peripheral nerves and thoracic and abdominal viscera of an emaciated eastern wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) exhibiting severe torticollis, circling, loss of balance, and wing droop. Mites, sometimes accompanied by granulomatous inflammation, were abundant in brachial plexus and sciatic nerves. Mild lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffing was present in the cerebellum, but no direct evidence of mites or other infectious agents was found in the central nervous system. This is the first report of L. cysticola infestation in a wild turkey and of the invasion of nervous tissue by this mite.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[Diffuse bronchiolo-alveolar cell carcinoma that produced both amylase and CA19-9].

A 68-year-old man who worked as an editor was admitted to Aichi Medical University Hospital due to dyspnea on exertion and emaciation. The patient had noticed rapid weight loss during diet therapy for diabetes mellitus that started in the beginning of July, 1993. Laboratory examinations revealed elevated levels of LDH and amylase in serum. Ultrasonography disclosed minimal ascites. Dyspnea on exertion developed in September, 1993. Chest roentgenography showed diffuse bilateral small nodular or reticular opacities. CT-guided percutaneous needle aspiration was done and cytologic examination of a specimen of lung tissue revealed papillary adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis was bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. Serum levels of amylase were elevated. The amylase isozyme pattern was of the salivary type. Serum levels of CA19-9 and CEA were also elevated. The patient died of respiratory failure on December 4, 1993. Postmortem examination revealed diffuse small nodules in both lungs. Examination of the nodules showed bronchiolo-alveolar cell carcinoma. The tumor cells stained positively for amylase (salivary type, not pancreatic type) CA19-9, and CEA by the avidin biotin complex method, but they were immunohistologically negative for AFP. We conclude that this lung cancer produced amylase, CA19-9, and CEA. We know of only a few reports of cases in which lung cancer produced both amylase and CA19-9.

Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar↗