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PubMed1998

The health of Australian children and young adults: recent statistics.

The lack of reliable national statistics to monitor the health of Australian children and youths is well recognised (Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health 1995). There is a clear need to develop this information through a nationally integrated and coordinated approach. The best way to achieve this would be to scope the fields of child and youth health information, identify data gaps and deficiencies, and catalogue the data requirements and needs. The framework within which this should occur, accompanied by a national child and youth health information development plan, also needs to be clearly defined. The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare is undertaking an analysis of the health of Australian children and youths and a review of available information in this area. Here we present early work on this project, providing a general picture of the health of Australian children and youths based on mortality, morbidity, reported health status and disability statistics. Some information on the health of indigenous children and young people is also included.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

The North Carolina Area Health Education Center program: an overview.

North Carolina has been at the forefront of the planning, development, and operation of area health education centers (AHECs). These centers have dramatically improved health manpower education and training at all professional levels. In effect, the North Carolina Area Health Education Center Program is a major decentralization and coordination of medical, dental, pharmacy, and public health education and regionalization of nursing, allied health education, medical residency training, and continuing education. The program links each of the university health science centers in North Carolina to major community hospitals that form a regional network with other institutions. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Pharmacy has a major role in the AHEC program. A full-time faculty is located in each AHEC. In addition to providing and coordinating clinically oriented pharmaceutical services and functioning as a resource in all matters relating to drugs, they are extensions of the school's faculty. The North Carolina AHEC Program approach offers pharmacy an excellent opportunity to maximize the pharmacist's contributions to society through education and practice.

Area Health Education Centers↗
PubMed1983

Area health education center programs--Public Health Service. Final regulations.

These regulations set forth requirements for cooperative agreements entered into by the Secretary of Health and Human Services with schools of medicine or osteopathy for the planning, development, and operation of area health education center programs. The regulations conform provisions in 42 CFR Part 57, Subpart MM--Area Health Education Center Programs to Nurse Training Amendments of 1979 Pub. L. 96-76), the Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act (Pub. L. 95-224), and the Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1981 (Pub. L. 97-35). Also in response to public comments to the interim final regulations published in the Federal Register on November 27, 1978, clarification of several provisions were made to the final regulations.

Area Health Education Centers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The medical group urgent care center.

The Riverside Medical Clinic in Riverside , California, recently created an urgent care center which achieved a breakeven point after only four months of operation and has exceeded all expectations ever since. The many areas of concern when implementing an urgent care center program are presented in the article, including choosing the provider group, philosophy of the center, organizational structure, operational plan, developing a marketing program, and possible pitfalls. Not only has the extended-hours medical service offered by the Riverside Medical Clinic Urgent Care Center been an answer to increasing competition, it has added a critical dimension in the clinic's development of a truly integrated medical delivery system.

California↗
PubMed1985

Charting the course of your institution's joint venture.

To what degree does the board need to be involved in the development, planning, and implementation of joint ventures with the medical staff, other hospitals, or outside investors? This article examines the areas of joint venture planning where board involvement is most needed, from the examination of potential legal problems to the determination of realistic revenue targets.

Governing Board↗
PubMed1988

Measuring corporate culture to ensure mission fulfillment.

Ancilla Systems, Inc., Elk Grove Village, Il, developed a mission-based performance evaluation program to provide tangible evidence of mission fulfillment and ensure the provision of high-quality healthcare. the program--Characteristics of Service--translates the language of healthcare action and evaluates corporate culture to ensure that it fulfills the expectations of its sponsor. The nine Characteristics of Service are: Respect for the dignity of all persons. Orientation toward the family unit. Quality and personalized services. Local health systems with a spectrum of services responsive to the unique needs of the community. Formal and informal partnerships with physicians. Active participation and collaboration with related community service agencies and other healthcare providers. Faithfulness to Catholic identity through close relationships with Church and religious institute resources. Effective political advocacy through education. Research and development of innovative approaches to healthcare. In establishing the behavior standards that would exemplify the characteristics, program developers used terms that correspond to specific, observable, measurable performance. All healthcare facilities are evaluated on how well they meet the behavior standards. The evaluation process includes data collection, analysis, and a final report. Data collection begins with a review of regular hospital-conducted surveys, which provide quantifiable information to measure performance against key expected behaviors. Additional data are derived from medical staff development plans and the monthly quality assurance audit. On-site surveys fill information gaps that remain after all written reports are collected.

Catholicism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Organisation of health services in Nigeria.

Nigerian indigenous medical practice is much older than the modern health services which were introduced into what is now known as Nigeria about 500 years ago, through the trans Sahara trade routes and later on, by the European traders, explorers, colonial military and civilian administrators and lastly the Missionaries. Only 20 per cent of the population have medical and health facilities in Nigeria. It is, therefore, envisaged to increase this coverage to 40 per cent by 1980 through the Basic Health Services Programme as set out in the Third National Development Plan (1975-1980).

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1976

An assessment of the current status of foot-and-mouth disease in Nigeria.

Foot-and-mouth disease has been widespread throughout the country in recent years. The disease occurs mainly in cattle though spillover of infections has been observed in sheep and pigs. Virus types A, SAT 2 and SAT 1 are the usual cause of outbreaks. The present field control method is a 6-monthly vaccination schedulae for animals in government ranches, the few semi-commercial ranches and piggeries as well as for other valuable animals and exotic animals of high production quality. Arrangements are under way to institute a strict and more comprehensive control programme against the disease in view of the envisaged expansion of livestock development projects and improved zoo-sanitary status projected for our 3rd National Livestock Development Plan. A national policy of a barrier and frontier vaccination programme supplemented with strategic vaccinations in vulnerable foci is here recommended and discussed on the basis of a survey on the present status of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Where are we going? How are we getting there?

Health Systems Agencies are required to develop plans that contain goals, objectives and recommended actions. Definitions have been provided by the Federal government yet, to date, the agencies have exhibited difficulty in writing statements that are consistent with the definitions. The article proposes some additional concepts that can be used to assist agencies in the writing of goals, objectives and recommended actions that will meet the Federal requirements and clarify the planning process.

Goals↗
PubMed1984

Health education: perspective for PAs.

Health Education is a valid part of the PA's armamentarium which should be developed to maintain pace with the continuing role evolution of PAs. The Health Belief Model is useful as a means of understanding how patients are motivated to accept health-promoting behavioral and life-style changes. The PA, according to his or her own unique interests, experience, and ingenuity, must develop plans and methods for implementation of specific interventions, but the five priority actions delineated by the Surgeon General can serve as a basis. These include the areas of smoking cessation, alcohol and drug management, nutritional guidance, and the management of psychosocial stress. The authors provide a table of references in these areas.

Health Education↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Learning needs as perceived by women less than or equal to 16 weeks pregnant.

In April 1997, 120 women < or = 16 weeks gestation responded to a survey conducted by the Middlesex-London Health Unit, which identified learning needs of women in their first trimester of pregnancy. This survey was part of a larger community initiative to plan, develop and implement first trimester "Prenatal Health Fairs" in London, Ontario. A listing of topics identified by women as most salient to their learning needs is included. There was a strong emergence of the need to include environmental health issues in the first trimester curriculum. The ranking of topics was unrelated to age, education and employment status with the exception that employed women were more likely to rank coping with discomforts of pregnancy, reasons for regular prenatal care and physical changes of pregnancy as important. Specific information related to reasons for attending a health fair, best times, locations and methods of advertising is addressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Availability of quality fixed-dose combinations for the treatment of tuberculosis: what can we learn from studying the World Health Organization's vaccine model?

SETTING: In efforts to promote the use of fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB), the World Health Organization (WHO) and partners address the issue of quality assurance. OBJECTIVE: To provide guidance for the development of strategies for quality assurance of FDCs. DESIGN: This review examines the WHO strategies for and experience with quality assurance and supply of vaccines. RESULTS: Several elements in the strategies for quality assurance and supply of vaccines may be applicable for FDCs. At national level, the important strategies are to strengthen National Regulatory Authorities (NRA) and procurement systems and develop planning activities. Stressing quality assurance of FDCs in training activities for regulatory personnel and recommending that aid agencies require adherence to quality assurance policies as conditions for support would promote the implementation of quality assurance of FDCs at country level. At the global level, pre-qualification of manufacturers of FDCs should be explored as a mechanism to assure quality. The pre-qualification process should include evaluation of product files, initial testing for compliance and consistency of specifications, and site visits to producers and NRAs. The vaccine model defines criteria for reassessment that can be used for FDCs.

Antitubercular Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Focus groups and vulnerable populations. Insight into client strengths and needs in complex community health care environments.

Focus groups are a useful qualitative research technique to assist in interpreting quantitative community assessment data. Data obtained from focus groups can provide sociological and psychological insights into the perceptions of population subgroups and suggest answers to the "why" questions raised by descriptive data about such issues as teen pregnancy, poverty, immunization levels, or lifestyle-related morbidity and mortality. Application of these insights can lead to the better use of community strengths and the creation of community-specific responses to barriers to health care. Focus groups work well for involving hard-to-reach members of a community in program development, planning, and evaluation. They may be more effective than face-to-face interviews and questionnaires because people often have not thought about how they feel and tend not to form opinions in isolation (1). The information sought through the use of focus groups is not randomly distributed in the population. Thus, groups are not randomly selected, and data are not gathered with the intent to generalize to all populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Guardianship as a therapeutic option.

The HIV/AIDS epidemic has posed a significant challenge to our legal system, demanding that it evolve to provide more flexible ways for parents to transfer guardianship of their children to other caring adults in a timely and minimally traumatic manner. Although a number of states have responded to the challenge, adopting new guardianship options such as delegations of parental authority for limited purposes, standby guardianship, co-guardianships, and subsidized guardianships, the majority of states still do not provide this continuum of options. Moreover, few states have established multidisciplinary programs that help parents take full advantage of the new guardianship options. Few have even begun to address the complex needs of the "second" families. Few have developed plans to meet the needs of the older AIDS-affected youth. How well we ensure the quality and continuity of parental care for children whose parents are living with HIV and AIDS, or who later die of it, is one of the tests of our generation. If we fail to meet this challenge, we are knowingly placing thousands of children and youth at enormous, predictable, and potentially fatal risk.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Introduction of nursing informatics in the nursing baccalaureate program at the American University of Beirut.

The rapid expansion of computer use for various nursing activities has made computer technology an important part of the curriculum in many schools of nursing across the world. Computer technology has become an alternative tool for teaching practice skills to students in a variety of educational settings and disciplines. Information technology (IT) is not yet well recognized in the Lebanese nursing curricula. This article traces the events of planning, developing, integrating, and evaluating nursing informatics on the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Program of the School of Nursing (SON), at The American University of Beirut (AUB), Lebanon.

Computer Literacy↗
PubMed2000

Public library consumer health information pilot project: results of a National Library of Medicine evaluation.

In October 1998, the National Library of Medicine (NLM) launched a pilot project to learn about the role of public libraries in providing health information to the public and to generate information that would assist NLM and the National Network of Libraries of Medicine (NN/LM) in learning how best to work with public libraries in the future. Three regional medical libraries (RMLs), eight resource libraries, and forty-one public libraries or library systems from nine states and the District of Columbia were selected for participation. The pilot project included an evaluation component that was carried out in parallel with project implementation. The evaluation ran through September 1999. The results of the evaluation indicated that participating public librarians were enthusiastic about the training and information materials provided as part of the project and that many public libraries used the materials and conducted their own outreach to local communities and groups. Most libraries applied the modest funds to purchase additional Internet-accessible computers and/or upgrade their health-reference materials. However, few of the participating public libraries had health information centers (although health information was perceived as a top-ten or top-five topic of interest to patrons). Also, the project generated only minimal usage of NLM's consumer health database, known as MEDLINEplus, from the premises of the monitored libraries (patron usage from home or office locations was not tracked). The evaluation results suggested a balanced follow-up by NLM and the NN/LM, with a few carefully selected national activities, complemented by a package of targeted activities that, as of January 2000, are being planned, developed, or implemented. The results also highlighted the importance of building an evaluation component into projects like this one from the outset, to assure that objectives were met and that evaluative information was available on a timely basis, as was the case here.

Computers↗
PubMed1998

Zidovudine (ZDV) and Lamivudine (3TC) Combination Therapy for HIV Infection - A Review.

The current state of knowledge regarding the treatment of HIV infection supports the use of antiretroviral agents in such a way as to maximize the likelihood of viral suppression for as long as possible. This goal is more likely to be achieved with the combined use of two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and a potent protease inhibitor (PI). Theoretically, there are 10 different ways of combining 2 NRTIs using the 5 NRTIs currently available on the market. However, some combinations are not recommended, e.g. zidovudine (ZDV) plus stavudine (d4T) or didanosine (ddI) plus zalcitabine (ddC), due to metabolism and toxicity considerations. The ingredients of an ideal combination should be highly potent as isolated drugs, should have different metabolic pathways, different target cells (activated versus resting cells), no overlapping toxicity and resistance profiles, and, of increasing importance, they should be easy to take with infrequent daily dosing in order to optimize patient compliance. The combination of ZDV and lamivudine (3TC) is probably the best documented association of 2 NRTIs. The combination has been through a full development plan and it has displayed many of the required characteristics. The combination of ZDV/ 3TC is thus considered a reliable component of any potent antiviral regimen aiming to maximize viral suppression.

Journal Article↗