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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A critical study of the APACHE II scoring system using earlier data collection.

The APACHE II severity of illness scoring system was prospectively studied on 756 patients admitted to a general intensive care unit (ICU) from January 1986 to June 1988. Admission data were used. Individual and group risk of death were calculated for 3 diagnostic categories commonly seen in the A&E department and requiring admission to an ICU. The APACHE II score on admission tended to underestimate the risk of death following operative and non-operative trauma, and self-poisoning. This may have been related to the use of an analysis not yet validated against values obtained on admission to ICU. Such validation is urgently needed on a UK population if APACHE II scoring is to be of value in the A&E department.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

A method for collecting detailed data on direct and indirect medical expenses of cancer patients.

A complex data collection system involving seven community based practices and a university affiliated hospital has been developed. Four types of data are being collected: 1) medical status, 2) billings for a six month period, 3) patient reports of direct and indirect costs for a six month period and how they affected family finances and 4) diaries of direct and indirect costs for a week in which treatment was received and a week in which treatment was not received. Three groups are involved in collecting these data: physicians, their office staff and a central project telephone interviewer. Office staff are paid overtime rates for their work which is in addition to their regular responsibilities. Telephone follow-up interviews have contributed to compliance and have helped insure consistency in the data. Two hundred and fifteen patients have provided complete information to date. Refusal rate has been approximately 26% and drop out rate among persons enrolled in the study has been 21%. Patients most difficult to recruit and hold in the study have been very sick, elderly or on welfare. Total direct costs of data collection are estimated to be $48.00 per patient.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1999

A reconstruction algorithm for electrical impedance tomography data collected on rectangular electrode arrays.

A three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm in electrical impedance imaging is presented for determining the conductivity distribution beneath the surface of a medium, given surface voltage data measured on a rectangular array of electrodes. Such an electrode configuration may be desirable for using electrical impedence tomography to detect tumors in the human breast. The algorithm is based on linearizing the conductivity about a constant value. Here, we describe a simple implementation of the algorithm on a four-electrode--by-four-electrode array and the reconstructions obtained from numerical and experimental tank data. The results demonstrate significantly better spatial resolution in the plane of the electrodes than with respect to depth.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1977

[Antimicrobial and surgical treatment of tonsils. Bacteriological and histological data collected on 44 tonsillectomized children].

The tonsils of 44 operated children were submitted to bacteriological and histological examination. 22 children were given an oral penicillin during 5 days before tonsilectomy. Histological data and bacteriological cultures of pharyngeal exsudate and tonsillar material were very similar in the two groups of treated and non treated patients. These data suggest that, when preventive penicillinic treatment is given, it is worthy to consider the dose, the lasting and the route of administration of the prophylactic antibiotic therapy. Its unreliable activity, and the danger of bacteriemy at the moment of the operation plead for an adequate per-operative antibiotherapy.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed2000

The relative frequencies of G serotypes of rotaviruses recovered from hospitalized children with diarrhea: A 10-year survey (1987-1996) in Japan with a review of globally collected data.

Since rotavirus vaccines aim to protect children from severe diarrhea, knowledge of the prevailing G serotypes among rotaviruses from hospitalized children is essential. Thus, we determined the G serotypes of rotaviruses collected from children with acute diarrhea in a local referral hospital in Akita, Japan, over the 10-year period between January 1987 and December 1996. Based on the assumption that rotaviruses with an identical electropherotype possess the same G serotype, the G serotypes of 488 rotavirus-positive specimens that were classified into 63 electropherotypes were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a supplementary use of G typing by reverse transcription-PCR. The relative frequencies over the 10-year period were 77.0 (G1), 14.5 (G2), 2.7 (G3) and 5.3% (G4), leaving the possibility that only 0.4% had G serotypes uncommon to human rotaviruses. Of 24,050 rotaviruses extracted by reviewing 63 serotyping studies in literature, the relative frequencies of the four major G serotypes were 50.6 (G1), 9.3 (G2), 7.2 (G3) and 11.6% (G4). As to uncommon G serotypes, only 0.9% were described as serotypes other than G1-4, and our estimate for potential uncommon serotypes were at most 8.1%. Thus, both this long-term study focusing on the rotaviruses only from severe cases in a single hospital in Japan and the global review of G serotypes published to date indicate that the primary target of any rotavirus vaccines should be rotaviruses possessing serotypes G1-4.

Child↗
PubMed2006

The association between impetigo, insect bites and air temperature: a retrospective 5-year study (1999-2003) using morbidity data collected from a sentinel general practice network database.

BACKGROUND: Impetigo is one of the commonest childhood skin infections. Insect bites are commonly implicated in the development of impetigo. There are, however, very few data available to describe the seasonal incidences and association between the two conditions. OBJECTIVES: To describe the seasonal incidence of impetigo in England and Wales and to investigate the reported association with insect bites. METHODS: Clinical diagnoses of impetigo and insect bites were recorded from a sentinel GP network over the years 1999-2003. RESULTS: The highest mean weekly rates of impetigo were in children aged 0-4 years (84 per 100 000) and in those aged 5-14 years (54 per 100 000). In contrast, the incidence of insect bite only varied between 3 and 5 per 100 000 for males and between 5 and 9 per 100 000 for females. The relative risk (RR) for females consulting over males with impetigo was similar in children [RR 0.99 (95% CI 0.96-1.02)] and adults [RR 1.20 (1.16-1.25)]; the RR of insect bite was similar in children [RR 1.21 (1.09-1.34)] but almost twice as likely in adults [RR 2.13 (2.02-2.25)]. Insect bite peaked almost coincidentally with temperature whereas there was a lag of one-to-two 4-week periods between impetigo and temperature. CONCLUSION: There is suggestion of some degree of association between impetigo and insect bites. The improved management of patients consulting with insect bites and better use of antiseptic treatments might provide the basis for reducing the incidence of impetigo in the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Impact of an electronic information system on physician workflow and data collection in the intensive care unit.

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypotheses that: (1) integrating information processing tasks using an electronic clinical information system (ECIS) decreases time to complete these tasks by hand; and (2) structured data entry encourages generation of more detailed records and capture of specific data elements even when entry is voluntary. DESIGN: Prospective observational time analysis during medical documentation tasks. Retrospective analysis of clinical documentation completed by hand or electronically. SETTING: Eleven bed pediatric intensive care unit within an academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Five pediatric intensive care medicine attending physicians. MEASUREMENTS: Compared handwritten and electronic documentation to determine: (1) time spent entering data or composing notes; (2) number of descriptors documenting patients' physical exams; (3) users' preferences for structured or unstructured data entry; (4) frequency of documenting specific data elements related to nutritional support. RESULTS: Documentation time varied by user but not charting method: it took 13 % less time to document using the ECIS but this was not significant. Electronic documents were more detailed than handwritten containing 50 % more descriptors (17.8 +/- 1.4 vs 11.6 +/- 1.4) overall and some data elements that were not handwritten: information related to nutritional supplementation was recorded in 13 % of electronic documents but in none of 89 handwritten documents. CONCLUSIONS: Electronic and handwritten documentation consumed equal amounts of time. Structured entry, compared to handwriting, may encourage recording of specific or otherwise unincorporated data elements resulting in a more detailed record. This suggests that user interfaces and decision support components may influence both the types and complexity of clinical data recorded by caregivers.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

(3,2)D GFT-NMR experiments for fast data collection from proteins.

High throughput structure determination of proteins will contribute to the success of proteomics investigations. The G-Matrix Fourier Transformation NMR (GFT-NMR) method significantly shortens experimental time by reducing the number of the dimensions of data acquisition for isotopically labeled proteins (Kim, S. and Szyperski, T. (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125, 1385). We demonstrate herein a suite of ten 3D-->2D or (3,2)D GFT-NMR experiments using (13)C/(15)N-labeled ubiquitin. These experiments were completed within 18 hours, representing a 4- to 18-fold reduction in data acquisition time compared to the corresponding conventional 3D experiments. A subset of the GFT-NMR experiments, (3,2)D HNCO, HNCACB, HN(CO)CACB, and 2D (1)H-(15)N HSQC, which are necessary for backbone assignments, were carried out within 6 hours. To facilitate the analysis of the GFT-NMR spectra, we developed automated procedures for viewing and analyzing the GFT-NMR spectra. Our overall strategy allows (3,2)D GFT-NMR experiments to be readily performed and analyzed. Nevertheless, the increase in spectral overlap and the reduction in signal sensitivity in these fast NMR experiments presently limit their application to relatively small proteins.

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMed1987

[Obstetric-gynecologic data collection for quality control and responding to health and political status questions. A survey based on 250,000 patients].

Since January 1, 1983 a total of 250,000 patient records have been stored in computer-compatible form in the data base of the Working Group of Swiss Gynecologic Clinics (59 gynecologic-obstetric departments). The information resulting from this mass of data is commented on and analyzed in concise form. Problems of quality control, health care and status-related policies can be addressed and resolved on the basis of up-to-date data which are always available. In the authors' experience, the benefit of correctly compiled statistics is indisputable.

Cesarean Section↗