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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Tocopherol acetate reference standard (Control 911) of the National Institute of Hygienic Sciences].

The raw material for tocopherol acetate was tested for preparation of the "Tocopherol Acetate Reference Standard (Control 911)". Analytical data obtained were as follows: infrared spectrum, same as Tocopherol Acetate Reference Standard (Control 881); absorptivity, E1cm1% (284nm) = 43.5; thin-layer chromatography, no impurities were detected up to 50.0 micrograms; high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), two impurities were detected; assay, 100.3% by HPLC. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Standard (Control 911).

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1975

Acidic glycosaminoglycans in three layers of human aorta: their different constitution and anticoagulant function.

1) Constitutional difference of the acidic glycosaminoglycans (AGAG) in the three layers, the intima, media and adventitia, of normal human aorta was investigated by electrophoretic characterization and enzymatic analyses with other chemical determinations. The anticoagulant activity of the AGAG in the three layers of human aorta was compared by thrombelastography. 2) The analytical data indicated that the AGAG in the three layers out consisted of chondroitin 4-sulfate, chondroitin 6-sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfates and hyaluronic acid. It was found that the proportion of dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfates was increased in order from the intima to the adventitia. 3) The predominant anticoagulant actihan in the inner layers referred to the concentration of glucuronic acid on thrombelastogram. The phenomenon was evidenced to be related with the constitutional difference of the AGAG in the three layers.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Relationship between villous shape and mural structure in neutron irradiated small intestine.

Previous work on irradiation of mouse small intestine has assessed the changes produced by counting crypts/microcolonies, scoring villous shape or examining morphological changes in specific parts of the wall. This paper used scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the effects of whole body irradiation with 5 Gy neutrons on the surface and internal features of the intestinal wall of CFLP mice, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days after treatment. Empirical scores from the ultrastructural findings were inserted into a Morphological Index display calculated from analytical data based on cell counts and area measurements obtained from resin histology sections. The final data display showed that the neutron irradiation produced marked structural changes in different cells and tissues by 1 day. These changes were maximal at 3 days with substantial improvement by 7 days. When this data display was compared with scores taken from scanning electron microscopy of the mucosal surface, the change in villous shape from erect fingerlike projections to lower profiles less suited to absorption was seen to correlate more with changes in the smooth muscle than with the epithelial cryptal compartment.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of nervous mechanisms in the immune response.

This review presents the results of experimental researches performed in the last decades by Cluj-Napoca physiologists, concerning the role of hypothalamic nervous centers in the triggering of the nonspecific (phagocytic reaction) and specific (primary and secondary) immune response. The following methods aiming to explore the involvement of the hypothalamic vegetative nervous centers have been applied: section of the spinal cord, somatoencephalic humoral isolation with preservation of spinal cord, stimulation or lesions under stereotaxic control of some hypothalamic areas, conditioned reflexes, electroconvulsant shocks. The results show that nervous centers from the tuberal area and from the posterior hypothalamus are involved in the regulation and integration of the immune response considered as a homeostatic function, in connexion with a preoptic, anterior and lateral hypothalamic area, with a receptive function to antigens and their endogenous products. The activation of phagocytosis (phagocytic response) can be elicited in dogs by electrical stimulation of the tuberal area and inhibited by section of the spinal cord, or by barbiturates. The specific immune response is moderately neuromodulated for antigens, as heterospecific red cells and more intensely for Salmonella and especially for the influenza virus. These results could allow an integration of other analytical data of cellular and molecular biology of immunity wider functional concept.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Glycyrrhizinic Acid Reference Standard (Control 031) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of glycyrrhizinic acid was examined for preparation of the "Glycyrrhizinic Acid Reference Standard". The analytical data obtained were: UV spectrum: lambda max, 251 nm; and specific absorbance (E(1 cm)1%) in ethanol at 251 nm, 146.4; IR spectrum, specific absorptions of raw material were consistent with those of Standard (Control 0221). Also, thin-layer chromatography, no impurity was detected; high-performance liquid chromatography, several impurities were detected. The amount of each impurity was estimated at less than 0.2% and total amount of impurities was less than 0.2%. Based on the above results, the candidate material was authorized as the Glycyrrhizinic Acid Reference Standard (Control 031) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2003

[Thiamine Hydrochloride Solution Reference Standard (Control 021) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of thiamine hydrochloride was examined for preparation of the "Thiamine Hydrochloride Reference Standard". The analytical data obtained were: assay by HPLC, 100.5%; spectrophotometric assay 101.2%. Based on the above results, the candidate material was authorized as the Thiamine Hydrochloride Reference Standard (Control 021) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2003

[Paeoniflorin Reference Standard (Control 021) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of paeoniflorin was examined for the preparation of the "Paeoniflorin Reference Standard". The analytical data obtained were: UV spectrum, lambda max, 231.9 nm; and specific absorbance (E(1 cm)1%) in methanol at 230 nm = 263.4 IR spectrum, specific absorptions of the raw material were consistent with those of the Paeoniflorin Reference Standard Standard (Control 012); High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), several impurities were detected. The total amount of impurities was 0.86%. Based on the above results, the candidate material was authorized as the Paeoniflorin Reference Standard (Control 021) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Benzoates↗
PubMed2003

[Estrone Reference Standard (Control 021) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of estrone acetate was examined for the preparation of the "Estrone Reference Standard (Control 021)", The analytical data obtained were: UV spectrum, lambda max of 281 nm and specific absorbance in ethanol at 281 nm = 76.1; Melting point, 261.6 degrees C; IR spectrum, exhibited the specific absorptions at 3345, 2867, 1720, 1499 and 1055 cm-1; thin-layer chromatography, 2 impurities were detected at 100 and 200 micrograms; high-performance liquid chromatography, total amount of impurities estimated to be less than 0.3%. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as Estrone Reference Standard (Control 021) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2003

[Cholecalciferol Reference Standard (Control 031) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of cholecalciferol was examined for the preparation of the "Cholecalsiferol Reference Standard (Control 031)", The analytical data obtained were: melting point, 86.3 degrees C; UV spectrum, lambda max of 264.6 nm and specific absorbance in ethanol at 265 nm = 483.6; IR spectrum, same as that of the cholecalciferol Reference Standard (Control 003); optical rotation [alpha]20(D) = 105.1 degrees; thin-layer chromatography, one impurity was detected at 50 micrograms; high-performance liquid chromatography, total amount of impurities estimated to be less than 0.04%. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Cholecalciferol Reference Standard (Control 031) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2003

[Tocopherol Acetate Reference Standard (Control 021) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of tocopherol acetate was examined for the preparation of the "Tocopherol Acetate Reference Standard (Control 021)", The analytical data obtained were: UV spectrum, lambda max of 278.5 and 284.8 nm and specific absorbance in ethanol at 284 nm = 42.9; IR spectrum, same as that of the Tocopherol Acetate Reference Standard (Control 001); thin-layer chromatography, no impurities were detected until 50 micrograms; high-performance liquid chromatography, total amount of impurities estimated to be less than 0.6%. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Tocopherol Acetate Reference Standard (Control 021) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2003

[Ergocalciferol Reference Standard (Control 031) of National Institute of Health Sciences].

The raw material of ergocalciferol was examined for the preparation of the "Ergocalsiferol Reference Standard (Control 031)", The analytical data obtained were: melting point, 114.5 degrees C; UV spectrum, lambda max of 264.8 nm and specific absorbance in ethanol at 265 nm = 474.7; IR spectrum, same as that of the Ergocalciferol Reference Standard (Control 003); optical rotation, [alpha]20(D) = +104.6 degrees ; thin-layer chromatography, two impurities were detected at 50 micrograms; high-performance liquid chromatography, total amount of impurities estimated to be less than 0.04%. Based on the above results, the raw material was authorized as the Japanese Pharmacopoeia Ergocalciferol Reference Standard (Control 031) of the National Institute of Health Sciences.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2003

[Studies on flavianic acids as color reference standard for thin-layer chromatography].

Various flavianic acids were prepared and examined for the preparation for color reference standard for thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Their analytical data were: IR spetra, their specific absorptions were same; no impurities were detected; specific odor-free. It was clear that the prepared flavianic acids were useable as color reference standards for TLC.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1992

[Myopathy and zidovudine].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of appearance of myopathy in a group of patients treated with zidovudine. METHODS: A prospective study of 37 patients with positive serology for HIV treated over 180 days with zidovudine was carried out with evaluation of the clinical history, physical examination and analytical data. RESULTS: The initial mean value of creatine kinase of 76.4 U/l and 83.3 U/l following 6 months of treatment was not statistically significant. Of the 37 patients, 2 (5.4%) showed no variations in CK values, while in 4 (10.8%) there was a decrease and in 30 (81%) an increase. There was an elevation in 11 of the 15 patients (73%) who received doses equal to or lower than 90 g, 11 out of 13 (84.6%) of those who received between 90 and 145 g and 8 out of 8 (100%) of those having received doses higher than 145 g. This increase was minimum in 27 cases (92%) and important with final values of pathologic CK in 3 (8%). Two patients (5.4%) developed clinical manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: Not only the frequency and range of creatine kinase elevation but also the appearance of clinical manifestations in this study are lower than those found in the literature, probably because of the relation with the use of lower doses of zidovudine. These results do not demonstrate any relation with sex, age, risk group for the immunodeficiency status.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sulfate reduction and the water-soluble organic substances in a flooded petroleum bed].

The paper presents the analytical data for the hydrochemical and microbiological composition of the water in a stratum undergoing changes as a result of artificial flooding. The highest accumulation of biogenic H2S and the carbon of dissolved organic substance was found in diluted bed waters with mineralization of 17.17 g/litre. The composition of the bitumen carbon of dissolved organic substances changed with dilution of the stratum brine. The data thus obtained suggest the existence of an indirect relationship; oxidized dissolved organic substance--the rate of sulphate reduction. The nature of organic substance appearing in the petroleum stratum is discussed.

Gram-Negative Chemolithotrophic Bacteria↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Health-related quality of life in elderly patients in haemodialysis].

INTRODUCTION: In view of the increasing interest in measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and that is widely accepted Quality of life (QL) is a valid marker of results of treatment in chronic dialysis, we marked the aim to determine QL of the patients > or = 75 years in chronic haemodialysis and to determine the influence of different factors (comorbidity, analytical, cognitive deterioration, depression and self-sufficiency) over the results. METHODS: We used the Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL-SF), questionnaire of health that has been become an useful instrument for measuring CV into this population. Demographic and analytical data, comorbidity (Charlson Index), depression (Yesavage), self-sufficiency (Karnofsky) and impaired cognitive function (Cognitive Mini-Exam) were collected. We evaluated the influence of these factors on the different dimensions of the KDQOI-SF and compared our scores with general Spanish population scores standardised according to age and sex. RESULTS: We included 51 patients (24 men) with a mean age 79.5 +/- 3.7 years and 39 +/- 56 months in dialysis. Women had lower scores than men in all scales of KDQOL-SF. We found that months in dialysis, depression scale, Karnofsky scale and cognitive deterioration test were also influencing about these scores. Multivariate analysis showed that CV is especially associated with sex, depression, cognitive deterioration and self-sufficiency. After we calculated standardised scores according to age and gender, out population showed a level of CV lower than general population, especially in female gender. CONCLUSIONS: In our population the women had worse CV than men. The CV of the elders in HD is lower than general population of equal sex and age and it was not modified with factors related to the end-stage renal disease and its treatment. Suffering from cognitive deterioration or depression had an important impact on the well-being of our patients, which would justify a wider diagnostic and therapeutic boarding in these patients.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[Different etiology of thyrotoxicosis as a function of previous prevalence of goiter].

BACKGROUND: The high incidence of goiter is believed to modify the characteristics and etiology of thyrotoxicosis. The aim of the present was to study the etiologic types and clinical characteristics of thyrotoxicosis of patients from two areas of different endemic goiter. METHODS: Two hundred twelve patients (184 women and 28 males) were studied with clinical and analytical data of thyrotoxicosis. The patients were consecutively seen in the endocrinology units of two different hospitals over the last 4 years. One hundred eight patients pertained to the area of the Xeral Hospital in Lugo (inland zone) and 104 pertained to the area of the Juan Canalejo Hospital from La Coruña (coastal zone). The clinical data of thyrotoxicosis, thyroxin concentration and thyroid gammagraphies were evaluated. RESULTS: The different etiological types were: Graves disease (GD): Lugo: 20 (19%), La Coruña 57 (55%; p less than 0.001). Toxic multinodular goiter (TMG): Lugo 53 (49%), La Coruña 29 (28%; p less than 0.001). Toxic adenoma (TA): Lugo 23 (21%), La Coruña 13 (13%). Hyperthyroidism by iodine: Lugo: 8 (7%), La Coruña 3 (3%). Other diagnosis: Lugo: 4 (3%), La Coruña 2 (2%). Although the frequency of thyrotoxicosis was much greater in women the percentage distribution of the etiologic types was similar in the two sexes. Symptoms were more frequent in patients with GD with respect to TMG. The presence of auricular fibrillation was more frequent in patients with TMG (38%) than in those presenting GD (4%; p less than 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Toxic multinodular goiter is the most common cause of thyrotoxicosis in the zones of high endemic goiter. On lowering endemic goiter the percentage of TMG is lowered and that of Graves disease is raised. The symptomatology of thyrotoxicosis is more evident in GD with relation to other etiologic types, but auricular fibrillation is more frequent in TMG. The high prevalence of toxic nodular goiter and hyperthyroidism by iodine suggests the important pathogenic role of the increase of the ingestion of iodine in the form of iodized salt or drugs with iodine.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Inhalable airborne particulate pollution in sites characterized by dissimilar environmental conditions].

The aim of the present study is to characterise from a physico-chemical point of view the airborne particulate matter (PM10) sampled in different sites dissimilar with regard to the weather conditions, the residential density and the industrial activities. The particles were collected by an eight-stage cascade impactor, Andersen particle fractionating sampler. The analysis of the particle samples was performed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with a thin-window system for X-ray microanalysis by energy dispersion spectrometry. The hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) on the analytical data revealed the presence of eight different particulate types (particle clusters) in the sampling sites: C-rich particles (cluster 1); Ca and Mg carbonates (cluster 2); Ca sulphates (cluster 3); silica particles (cluster 4); silicates (cluster 5); Fe-rich particles (cluster 6); metal compounds (cluster 7); carbonaceous particles with heavy metals (cluster 8). Data obtained in this study demonstrate a significant correlation between the PM10 composition and the anthropic activities present the sampling site.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed2004

Q-probes study of replicate specimens at the clinical laboratory, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this Q-probes study was to evaluate the precision of replicate specimens. METHODS: This Q-probes study done at the Clinical Laboratory, The Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi is about routine chemistry analytes because of their importance in critical care patients. The analytes data was collected for six months from April to September 2002. There were total 358 samples, which were given for reanalysis during this period under the constant working conditions. After analysis, results of both the runs on different days, were compared to determine the percent difference between the results. After calculating the percent difference, the results were either accepted or rejected on the basis of guidelines set by CLIA 88(Clinical Laboratories Improvement Amendment 1988). RESULTS: Among 358 results, 5 were rejected according to the criteria selected. All of these results were then subjected to statistical analysis for calculating statistical significance. As our Null hypothesis was that the prevalence of rejected results were more than 2% with an acceptable limit of less than or equal to 2%. We failed to accept the Null hypothesis that means that it did not exceed the acceptable limits (p-value = 0.962930) with the Confidence Interval range of 0.2 -2.6 where Upper Confidence Interval is still less than 5% for a p-value of 0.05. The rejection of null hypothesis favors high precision between the two sets of results in our studied population. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that Q-Probes study of replicate specimens at the Clinical Laboratory at The Aga Khan University Hospital is within the acceptable limits. These figures show that a high quality precision is maintained among the observed specimens. This is an ongoing exercise and studies like these should be a continuous process to maintain and enhance the quality of Laboratory results).

Chemistry, Clinical↗