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Knowledge enabled plan of care and documentation prototype.

There exist significant challenges in integrating the plan of care into documentation and point of care operational processes. A plan of care is often a static artifact that meets regulatory standards with limited influence on supporting goal-directed care delivery processes. Although this prototype is applicable to many clinical disciplines, we will highlight nursing processes in demonstrating a knowledge-driven computerized solution that fully integrates the plan of care within documentation. The knowledge-driven solution reflects evidenced-based practice; is an effective tool for managing problems, orders/interventions, and the patient's progress towards expected outcomes; meets regulatory standards; and drives quality and process improvement. The knowledge infrastructure consists of fully represented terminology, structured clinical expressions utilizing the controlled terminology and clinical knowledge representing evidence-based practice.

Documentation↗

Mission statements and vision documents in medical practices.

Thoughtful, carefully constructed mission statements and vision documents serve both to signal the purpose of a medical practice to the public and other professional colleagues, and to keep the practice's providers focused on its key purposes. Practice culture is the primary driver ofmission and vision. We clarify the differences between mission statements and vision documents, and offer guidelines to aid in constructing them.

Documentation↗

Computerized patient care documentation. Educational applications in the baccalaureate curriculum.

This baccalaureate program integrated computerized patient care documentation with courses in nursing fundamentals and health assessment. Using an information system designed for acute care settings, students become familiar with computer use while learning documentation of care and other nursing skills. Computer literacy may be enhanced with integration of content and increased exposure to different information systems.

Curriculum↗

[Good clinical practice. Requirements for clinical documentation on the introduction of new drugs].

Good clinical practice (GCP) includes protection of the involved patients/volunteers and quality of the clinical documentation which forms the basis for registration of a preparation. During recent years, guidelines for GCP have been presented from various quarters. These describe the requirements which must be fulfilled to document the effect and safety of a new preparation. The requirements comprise involvement of the investigator and also of the monitor and sponsor and ethical committees. In this article, the contents of the guidelines are reviewed and the significance these obtain of the involved parts in the clinical development of medicinal preparations.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

[Proposals for standardized documentation of regional anesthetic techniques in anesthesia protocols].

The wide-spread use and wide variety of regional anesthetic procedures makes it essential to insist on careful documentation in the anesthetics record, with special emphasis on technique, effects and complications. With a view to possible medico-legal problems, data should be recorded in considerable detail with each technique applied specified. Documentation is discussed according to the different procedures and their clinical relevance, with various examples.

Abbreviations as Topic↗

Computerizing medical records: software criteria for systems to document patient encounters.

It is difficult to design and build computer systems to document medical care, especially if the entries are to be made by health care professionals. Not all software approaches are equally well suited to the task. Twenty-one specific software characteristics were identified that promote efficient development and support clinical needs. Using a software tool that satisfied these characteristics, we developed a computerized medical chart system that physicians can use to write notes and document patient encounters. The success of this system was due to a good fit between the basic capabilities of the software approach and the requirements of the project. These criteria can serve as the starting point for evaluating or developing other software applications that depend on physician input of clinical information.

Documentation↗

[FANDOS--a new standardized computer-assisted documentation and evaluation of diseases of the facial nerve].

The personal computer program package FANDOS (Facial Nerve Documentation System) has been designed especially for diseases of the facial nerve. It provides a very simple and exact method of documentation; it does not require much time and is easy to handle. In the ENT department of the University of Göttingen, this program has been tested in the clinical routine. In this paper we present the program package and explain its use in prospective studies.

Cranial Nerve Diseases↗

[Documentation of medical images using a laser camera].

For today's and tomorrow's high developed imaging systems CT, MR, DSA, NM, US, DR we need equally highly developed recording equipment to produce high-grade quality "hard copies" at the end of the image transfer chain. For this reason we present a new laser image recording technique with Laser Imager and its operational principle. The Video Imagers (multiformat cameras) used until now are no longer up to date due to their disadvantages for imaging documentation of high-resolution imaging systems. The direct exposure of a single-emulsion-silver-halogenide transparency film with laser light, produces low-noise distortion-free and homogeneous documentation images. The size of the matrix of 4000 x 5000 pixel and 12 bit image depth guarantees the use of the Laser Imager also for future imaging systems with a higher size matrix than is now usual. The modulated accessories such as Multi-Modality Unit (MMU) and Multi-Console Laser Switch (MCLS) guarantees a flexible and more economic use of the Laser Imager.

Copying Processes↗

Solving documentation problems with a pediatric flow sheet.

In September/October 1988, Pediatric Nursing published a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) flow sheet for documenting assessments and nursing interventions. In this article, a hospital's pediatric flow sheet that allows for entries related to general pediatric practice is presented. It decreases the amount of time required to chart as well as the number of medical record forms used to comply with JCAHO standards for nursing documentation.

Critical Care↗

[Documentation and research in clinical rehabilitation of geriatric patients].

Although we have extensive knowledge about rehabilitative treatment procedures in geriatrics, we lack an emphasis on geriatric rehabilitation in our institutions of public health. And we lack objective methods to illustrate the performance profile. Documentation and internal clinical evaluation that show results of patient rehabilitation programs may alleviate this deficiency. These will illustrate what may be expected from rehabilitation efforts. The example of one medical and geriatric clinic shows how documentation and research are applicable in clinical practice and how they are beneficial in daily life. The evaluation and changing of treatment methods, the training of staff, the cooperation of patients' relatives, and after-care institutions are all necessary elements. Steps should be taken for internal clinical evaluations and continual follow-ups that demonstrate the rehabilitation process in clinical and after-care situations.

Activities of Daily Living↗

[Fundamental concepts in data documentation of anesthesia].

The record of anesthesia is used for different clinical purposes, most importantly for the control of patient care. Thinking about the minimum contents of an anesthesia record we think that the choice of the minimum contents means a first valuation. The minimum content of the documentation, despite its role as a piece of evidence, is the information that doctors require during treatment. Therefore, the principal content of the documentation may include more than the specialist medical considerations. A precise anesthetic protocol must be kept for every patient, and is an essential part of the responsibilities of a clinical anesthesist.

Anesthesia↗

[Documentation card for hand surgery].

A punched card for documentation of hand surgery cases is presented. It takes into account both malformations as well as the results of injuries and diseases of the hand. In addition, it affords an exact registration of the localization according to region and topography. Treatment methods in complications are likewise documented, so that a combined search by needling the corresponding numbers can be carried out easily and exactly. The system proved to be completely adequate, inexpensive and practical in the course of testing over seven years.

Documentation↗

[Picture documentation in ultrasonic diagnosis].

In addition to a written report, ultrasound findings also require picture documentation. Cuts in physician fees warrant optimal cost-effectiveness in ultrasound documentation. Of the presently available equipment for permanent image recording off the monitor and direct electronic recording the following are to be discussed and compared: Polaroid recording, X-ray film, 35 mm roll film, dry silver paper, video-tape, floppy-disc, optical disc recorder and electronic still camera. The costs per picture, including investment and operating costs in relation to annual number of examinations, are calculated for the various systems.

Copying Processes↗

Documentation of inpatient clinical experience of family practice residents: a manual system.

A simple, efficient, and inexpensive system for quantitatively documenting the range of clinical experience of individual residents on inpatient rotations is described. Information provided by this system can be used by program faculty to make informed educational decisions concerning both the design of rotations and individual resident program planning. The data are also useful to residency graduates to document their clinical experience when applying for hospital privileges.

Documentation↗

[Computer-supported basic documentation at the accident-surgical clinic of the Hannover Medical School].

On the example of the computer-aided basic documentation at the Department of Traumatology Hannover, the necessity of constructive cooperation between the clinic staff and the medical data processors is shown. The system of basic documentation is primarily explained in its conception as far as the clinic is concerned. The fundamental principles, daily routine, and clinical application of this system are described, as are the tasks assigned to the clinical staff within the framework of medical data processing. The necessity of clinical staff quality controls by means of a computer short card is emphasized. The system has been in use for 3 years.

Accidents↗

Sustained improvement in drug documentation, compliance, and disease control. A four-year analysis of an ambulatory care model.

We analyzed the effectiveness of an intervention program involving a clinical pharmacist and nurse clinician in improving drug documentation in medical records, patient compliance, and disease control. Medical records and prescription files were reviewed for patients in a rheumatology and renal clinic. Compliance was estimated by examining prescription refill patterns. Reviews were performed before intervention (control group), nine months after intervention (study group 1), and four years nine months after our intervention program began (study group 2). A six-month retrospective analysis at each review point demonstrated a significant improvement in drug documentation, compliance, and disease control--BP--for both study groups. A significant correlation was found between compliance (refill patterns) and BP control--correlation coefficient phi for the control group, 67 for study group 1, and .89 for study group 2. Cost reductions associated with our intervention program suggest that this program is cost-effective.

Ambulatory Care↗

[DACS--a cost-advantageous nuclear medical document archiving and communication system].

A simple and inexpensive solution for the complete digital management of a nuclear medical institution is presented. The starting point was provided by five different gamma cameras, one of which was equipped with a PC-based ICON computer. The remaining cameras were first adapted to ICONs and subsequently integrated into a Macintosh LAN, of 15 computers, allowing the entire image acquisition, processing, interpretation, documentation and archiving to be performed on the same comfortable menu-guided surface. Complete patient management is accomplished by a specific commercially available data base to which a specially developed image and document archive was connected. The system described provides complete digital management without the conventional filing systems at the moderate price of approximately DM 11 x 10(4) plus the cost of the new camera computers.

Computer Graphics↗