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Waterborne vs. dietary copper uptake in rainbow trout and the effects of previous waterborne copper exposure.

Juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to waterborne Cu (22 microg/l) in moderately hard water for up to 28 days. Relative to control fish kept at background Cu levels (2 microg/l), Cu-preexposed fish displayed decreased uptake rates of waterborne Cu via the gills but not of dietary Cu via the gut during 48-h exposures to (64)Cu-radiolabeled water and diet, respectively. At normal dietary and waterborne Cu levels, the uptake rates of dietary Cu into the whole body without the gut were 0.40-0.90 ng. g(-1). h(-1), >10-fold higher than uptake rates of waterborne Cu into the whole body without the gills, which were 0.02-0.07 ng. g(-1). h(-1). Previously Cu-exposed fish showed decreased new Cu accumulation in the gills, liver, and carcass during waterborne (64)Cu exposures and in the liver during dietary (64)Cu exposures. A 3-h gill Cu-binding assay showed downregulation of the putative high-affinity, low-capacity Cu transporters and upregulation of the low-affinity, high-capacity Cu transporters at the gills in Cu-preexposed fish. Exchangeable Cu pools in all the tissues were higher during dietary than during waterborne (64)Cu exposures, and previous Cu exposure reduced waterborne exchangeable Cu pools in gill, liver, and carcass. Overall, these results suggest a quantitatively greater role for the dietary than for the waterborne route of Cu uptake, a key role for the gill in Cu homeostasis, and important roles for the liver and gut in the normal metabolism of Cu in fish.

Animals↗

A study of high copper amalgams. IV. Formation of eta Cu-Sn (Cu6Sn5) crystals in a high copper dispersant amalgam matrix.

In an HCD amalgam, eta Cu-Sn crystals were found dispersed within gamma1 matrix areas. Previously, eta Cu-Sn phase was thought to form only as part of a reaction zone surrounding Ag-Cu dispersant particles. The eta Cu-Sn crystals found in matrix areas of this HCD amalgam are smaller and more widely scattered than eta Cu-Sn crystals dispersed in the gamma1 matrix of HCSC amalgams.

Chemical Precipitation↗