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PubMedDate not supplied

[The cytogenetic effect in the seeds from natural Crespis tectorum populations in long-term storage subjected to chronic irradiation as a result of the radioactive pollution in a 30-kilometer area of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Seeds of the 1st and 3d Crepis tectorum natural populations subjected to chronic irradiation during 4 months in 1986 within 30 km zone of Chernobyl accident were stored for 5 years in laboratory. For this period germination capacity of 1st population seeds decreased but the seeds retained a germination capacity up to 1992 were characterized by the increased germination rate. The germination capacity and the germination rate of 3d population seeds did not change. The frequency of metaphases with chromosome aberrations in the first mitotic cycle of root tip meristematic cells of seedlings increased after 5 year storage: from 9.1 +/- 0.44 to 13.0 +/- 0.57% in 1st population and from 2.6 +/- 0.27 to 3.8 +/- 0.38% in 3d population.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Antibodies to the thyroid microsomal antigen in children and adolescents subjected to radiation exposure as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

For evaluation of the possibility of the appearance of autoimmune thyroiditis in children and juveniles lived in the areas of Kaluga Province [correction of region] suffered from the Chernobyl accident the content of antibodies to human thyroid microsomal antigen was investigated. Percentage of positive sera varied from 4.8% to 1.2% during 6 years. There is significant difference in the frequency of the antibody appearance between persons suffered from radioactive iodine and unsuffered ones. Correlation between levels of antimicrosomal antibodies and radiation dose obtained from incorporated radioactive iodine was not estimated.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of health resort treatment on the status of the oxidant and antioxidant systems in women with disordered reproductive function residing in the area of the Chernobyl Atomic Power Plant accident].

Lipid peroxidation system and its reaction to balneotherapy (hydrogen sulfide and iodine bromide exposure) were examined in 60 women with reproductive system disorders living in radionuclide pollution zone after the Chernobyl accident. Certain specificities of lipid peroxidation system in this patient population were detected and a favorable effect of the said balneotherapy noted.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

[Morphofunctional characteristics of malignant thyroid gland tumors in children from various regions of the Ukraine, who have been victims of of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident].

Thyroid cancers in children from the affected areas of Ukraine were investigated by means of light (33 cases) and electron (20 cases) microscopy. Statistical data from 25 regions of Ukraine have been analyzed concerning thyroid cancer in patients aged up to 18 years for the period 1981-1990. There is an increase in the number of thyroid cancers in the children of Ukraine from 0.04-0.06 cases in the "pre-chernobyl" period to 0.23 cases per 10(5) children's population in 1990. In the children operated in the Clinic of the Institute of Endocrinology in 1990-1991, severe forms of thyroid lesions with metastases to the lymph nodes were noted. Histopathological studies show prevalence of different variants of papillary cancer with presence of follicular, solid, poorly differentiated areas. Ultrastructural analysis revealed polymorphism of tumour cells, various degrees of their differentiation and functional specialization that point to a mixed multicomponent nature of carcinomas.

Accidents↗
PubMed1994

[The importance of the All-Army Registry in the health assessment of the servicemen who took part in the cleanup of the aftereffects of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

An active part in liquidation of the Chernobyl APS disaster consequences was taken by servicemen. The article deals with the so-called All-Army Register and its tasks which are as following: a long-term records of patients who have participated in this emergency situation and received various doses of radiation; control over the changes in their health status, etc.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Brain bioelectrical activity in the victims of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Visual and quantitative evaluation of EEG with the help of frequency analysis conducted in subjects exposed to radiation hazards after the Chernobyl accident revealed changes indicative of cerebral mesodiencephalic impairment. The subjects may have defect of compensatory-adaptive mechanisms of the brain provoking high excitability and stress-readiness. The authors believe that such subjects are in need of stress-limiting chemo- and physiotherapy.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1994

[Segregation disturbance in chronically irradiated populations of Pinus sylvestris L. growing in the area of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident].

Segregation of polymorphic diallelic loci, which encode isozyme synthesis in seed endosperms of Pinus Sylvestris L. trees exposed to various levels of radiation after Chernobyl' meltdown, was studied. It was shown that directional gametic selection, expressed as segregation distortion in heterozygotes, is observed in irradiated populations for a number of loci. The detected selection has one-locus character and distinctly influences the gene pool of the next generation.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The morbidity in preschool children living on the territory of Rovno Province subjected to radioactive contamination as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The morbidity was studied of 3000 preschool children born and inhabiting the territory of six Rovno Province districts belonging to the "Western trail" of the Chernobyl accident. It was found that the children born in 1986-1987 showed a 1.5-3 times increase of the morbidity as compared with the pre-accident period.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The structure of the morbidity and disability among miners who worked in the cleanup of the aftereffects of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The authors analyzed morbidity and invalidity in miners engaged in liquidation of Chernobyl disaster sequels depending on the duration of stay in increased radiation background, radiation dose, length of work in the mines. Among the nosological entities prevailed vegeto-vascular dystonia, thyroid and gastrointestinal pathology.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

[The autoimmune changes in children living in areas contaminated by radionuclides after the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

A study of the blood sera of 50 children from the zone contaminated by radionuclides due to the Chernobyl accident was conducted to determine the immune status (level of immunoglobulin of Ig classes (A,M,G), presence of serum autoantibodies, determination of active anti-Sm antibody zones). A statistically valid increase of the IgM and IgG, reduction IgA levels was found. Antibodies to thyroid, smooth muscles, parietal cells, mitochondria were not found; 7% of patients showed autoantibodies to DNA and antinuclear factor.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The blood kinin system in persons exposed to ionizing radiation as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Condition of blood kinin system was studied in persons engaged on liquidation of Chernobyl accident sequels in 1986 and subjected to levels of ionizing radiation ranging up to 1 Gy. Activation of kininogenesis in such persons manifested in rise of the initial protaminolytic blood activity, partial decrease of prekallikrein level and imbalance on the part of the blood inhibitory potential in the form of alpha-2-macroglobulin level fall and increase of general blood antiproteolytic activity.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed1993

[The health status of the population after the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station (based on data from Kiev Province)].

Since the Chernobyl accident health of the population at Kiev region, especially of children, has deteriorated considerably. The number of healthy persons has decreased. There is a strong tendency toward accumulation of chronic nonspecific diseases among the population. After the disaster thyroid pathology, chiefly early thyroid carcinoma, has been observed to rise. Determination of radiative load on the thyroid is one of the main problems of liquidation of medical sequels of the accident. Calculation of dose load should be carried out with taking into consideration not only contribution of 131I, but also dose received at the account of other iodine isotopes as well as of isotopes of other elements getting into the body by gastro-intestinal and respiratory tracts. When analyzing thyroid morbidity one should take into account state of other organs and systems at the level of integral body.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The dynamics of the fungal mycelial content in the soils of stationary posts in a 30-kilometer zone around the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

The paper deals with mycobiota of radionuclide-polluted soils of seven stationary posts in the 30-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl NPP and one in the vicinities of Kiev (Feofaniia). The lengths of light-and dark-coloured fungal mycelium were determined in the soil under study by the method of membrane filters for 1987-1989. Data obtained have been analyzed with the account of the radioactivity level of the soil samples, season and depth of the sampling horizon. The dynamics of mycelium content in soils has been traced which evidences for its seasonal changes and prevalence of dark-pigmented mycelium at the beginning which then was changed by predominance of light-coloured mycelium. It is supposed that radioactive contamination of soil is one of considerable components of the whole complex of ecological factors which determine the dynamics of fungal mycelium content in soil.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Respiratory reactivity and parameters of nonspecific immunity in workers of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant during adaptation to mountain climate].

The quantitative composition of the peripheral blood, enzymatic activity of neutrophils and hypoxic ventilatory drive were determined in people working at the Chernobyl NPP during sojourn for 28 days in the Caucasus mountains at 220 m altitude with a periodical climbing up to 4200 m. At the initial state we found neutropenia, lymphocytosis, an increase in the number of prolymphocytes and big hairy lymphocytes, a decrease in the number of small lymphocytes, fall in activity of enzymes responsible for oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms of bactericidity. The indices of sensitivity to the hypoxic respiration stimulus did not essentially differ from the norm. Staying at altitude promoted normalization of the number of segmento-nuclear neutrophils, lymphocytes (their small population, in particular), an increase in the number of eosinophiles of the peripheral blood. Changes in the activity of myeloperoxidase, NADP-oxidase and cationic proteins in the neutrophils were observed. A considerable increase of the ventilatory drive to the hypoxic respiration stimulus was determined. Accentuation of fermentative transformations proved to be closely related to the ventilatory response to hypoxia: weak activation of NADP-oxidase and a decrease of myeloperoxidase activity were observed in people with initially low respiration reactivity, while a considerable increase in activity of these enzymes and in content of cationic proteins was observed in people with high respiration reactivity. Individual peculiarities of the reaction to staying at altitude should be taken into account when developing particular methods of immune correction.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of the children born to persons with a history of 1st- and 2d-degree acute radiation sickness as a result of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

We have examined 15 children (born in 1987-1988), whose fathers liquidated the aftereffects of the accident at Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and suffered from acute radiation sickness of the 1st and 2nd stages and 50 children of the control group. The obtained data showed that the number of small developmental abnormalities (stigmas of dysembryogenesis) increased as well as the chromatid aberration frequency as compared with the control group.

Abnormalities, Radiation-Induced↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The cytogenetic disorders in the people who took part in the cleanup of the sequelae at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station and who lived continuously in areas with an unfavorable ecological situation].

Cytogenetic disturbances are manifested now in persons who liquidated aftereffects of the Chernobyl disaster. The character and course of the disturbances depend on the ecological conditions of the region where liquidators live at present. Examination of a group of liquidators with nerve-psychopathologic disorders and accompanying somatic pathology has revealed the presence of cytogenetic disturbances, mainly of the chromosome aberration type. At the same time, in persons who live under conditions of high environment pollution with ejections of industrial enterprises, the number of chromatid aberrations increases, which may be a result of action of chemical mutagens. A tight correlation is revealed between the level of cytogenetic disorders in lymphocytes and expressivity of the secondary immunodeficiency. Elimination of lymphocytes with unstable chromosome aberration is delayed when ecological pollution of the biosphere reaches the high level.

Accidents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Calculation of gaseous forms and sizes of aerosol particles 131 Iodine- the radioactive fallout of Chernobyl accident by calculation of inhaled radiation dose].

After the Chernobyl accident the isotopes of radioiodine in air were detected both in aerosol and gaseous forms. In the ICRP publication, No 30 the committed dose equivalent in thyroid per intake of unit activity of 131I, B(ih), were presented. This value holds true only for aerosols with activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) 1 micron. The radioactivity deposition coefficients in human respiratory tract have another values for molecular and organic forms of gaseous radioiodine. In present work the measured AMAD and the proportion between aerosols, molecular and organic forms of 131I in various regions after the accident are given. The correction factors for B(ih) are calculated for the following cases: 1) the radioiodine concentration in air is measured by means of the aerosol filter only, 2) all forms of radioiodine are sampled. The neglection of the gaseous forms of radioiodine could lead to extremely large errors in the determination of inhaled dose radiation: the real value of dose radiation could exceed calculated one by more than 5 times.

Accidents, Occupational↗