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Sobolevitaenia japonensis n. sp. (Dilepididae: Dilepidinae) from a dusky thrush, Turdus naumanni eunomus Temminck, in Oita Prefecture, Japan.
Sobolevitaenia japonensis n. sp. (Cestoda: Dilepididae) is described from eight specimens from the small intestine of a dusky thrush, Turdus naumanni eunomus Temminck, collected at Beppu City, Oita Prefecture, Japan. S. japonensis most closely resembles S. moldavica among the 11 species now assigned to the genus Sobolevitaenia, from which it is distinguished by a smaller number of proglottids, a larger scolex and a smaller number of testes of larger size, and a larger vitelline gland.
A new avian cestode Malika turdi n. spp. Dilepididae: Dipylidiinae) from the golden mountain thrush, Turdus dauma aureus Holandre in Japan.
Malika turdi n. spp. (Dilepididae: Dipyliidinae) was described from the small intestine of a golden mountain thrush, Turdus dauma aureus Holandre, at Ogori City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. By having two rows of rostellar hooks, it resembles M. daviesi, M. himantopodis, M. kalawewaensis, and M. zeylanica, but is readily distinguished from the first three species by having non-spiny cirrus, and from the latter species by having a smaller scolex and more testes. This is the first report of Malika in Japan.
Mitochondrial genomes of parasitic flatworms.
Complete or near-complete mitochondrial genomes are now available for 11 species or strains of parasitic flatworms belonging to the Trematoda and the Cestoda. The organization of these genomes is not strikingly different from those of other eumetazoans, although one gene (atp8) commonly found in other phyla is absent from flatworms. The gene order in most flatworms has similarities to those seen in higher protostomes such as annelids. However, the gene order has been drastically altered in Schistosoma mansoni, which obscures this possible relationship. Among the sequenced taxa, base composition varies considerably, creating potential difficulties for phylogeny reconstruction. Long non-coding regions are present in all taxa, but these vary in length from only a few hundred to approximately 10000 nucleotides. Among Schistosoma spp., the long non-coding regions are rich in repeats and length variation among individuals is known. Data from mitochondrial genomes are valuable for studies on species identification, phylogenies and biogeography.
The in vitro effect of Khawia sinensis on leucocyte activity in carp (Cyprinus carpio).
The interactions between Khawia sinensis (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea), a pathogenic tapeworm of carp, and host leucocytes has been investigated in vitro by monitoring blastogenesis in pronephric, splenic and thymic lymphocytes and apoptosis of pronephric leucocytes. Both parasite homogenate and excretory/secretory (E/S) products were found to suppress lymphocyte blastogenesis at high concentrations (346.6-98.8 microg ml-1) whilst cell stimulation occurred at low concentrations (49.4-19.8 microg ml-1). This differential affect on leucocyte activity may not be associated with apoptosis in vitro as the parasite E/S products did not significantly affect programmed cell death as monitored by acridine orange and DNA analysis. The parasite effect on leucocyte activity is discussed and its relationship to host susceptibility is evaluated.
Comparative studies on the helminth fauna of native and introduced domestic fowls in Ghana.
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The occurrence and abundance of helminth parasites of the mountain hare Lepus timidus (L.) and the wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.) in Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
Mountain hares were collected each month between April 1984 and March 1985 and their intestines examined for helminths. 26 rabbits were also collected between July and December 1984 and examined for gastro-intestinal helminths. Three nematode and two cestode species were found in the hares while only two nematode and one cestode species were found in the rabbits. Trichostrongylus retortaeformis was recorded from 88% of the 193 hares and 92% of the rabbits while comparable figures for Passalurus ambiguus were 0.5% and 54% and for Mosgovoyia pectinata 14% and 81%. Seasonal fluctuations were observed in the T. retortaeformis populations in the hare; numbers tended to be low during the winter months and high throughout the summer. Paranoplocephala wimerosa was reported for the first time from the British Isles and Trichostrongylus axei was recorded for the first time in the mountain hare.
Factors influencing the establishment of Mesocestoides corti in mice following oral inoculation of tetrathyridia.
Factors which influence the establishment of tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti in mice following inoculation per os were examined. Only a proportion of the tetrathyridia penetrate the gut wall and gain access to the peritoneal cavity and liver, and most of these penetrate through the wall of the small intestine. It appears that tetrathyridia must attach to the intestinal mucosa and commence penetration immediately or they pass into the large intestine and are voided. Establishment was not influenced by strain, sex or age of host. However, the temperature at which tetrathyridia were maintained before inoculation influence their ability to penetrate the intestinal wall. Additionally it appears that tetrathyridia have to undergo a morphological change before or during, this penetration phase.
Comparative analysis of amino acids of three species of gangesia (Cestoda: Proteocephalata).
A total of 21 amino acids were detected in the present investigations on three species of Gangesia (Cestoda: Proteocephalata) viz. G. bengalensis Woodland, 1924, G. hanumanthai Seth & Capoor, 1982 and G sanehensis Malhotra et al., 1981. The study was conducted in a sub-humid region around Allahabad, India. The implications of amino acid utilization in metabolic activities of fish tapeworms have been discussed.
Description of musculature differences in spargana of Spirometra (Cestoda; Pseudophyllidea) and tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides (Cestoda; Cyclophyllidea) and their value in identification.
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Tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes of a pseudophyllid cestode Penetrocephalus ganapatii.
Studies on the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) enzymes of Penetrocephalus ganapatii reveal that the TCA cycle is only partially operative, as some of the enzymes at the start of the cycle viz. citrate synthase, aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase are found to be low in their activities. The high activities of malate dehydrogenase and fumarase, showing affinity towards a reverse direction, indicate that the TCA cycle operates in the reverse direction resulting in the formation of fumarate. The low succinate dehydrogenase/fumarate reductase ratio suggests that ATP generation may occur at site I of the respiratory chain during the reduction of fumarate into succinate.
Karyometrical analysis of Microsomacanthus spasskii and M. spiralibursata.
Analysis of Giemsa-stained mitotic metaphase plates of Microsomacanthus spasskii and M. spiralibursata (Cestoda:Hymenolepididae) revealed the diploid chromosome numbers for both species to be 2n = 6. The karyotypes are remarkably similar in general morphology; they both consist of three pairs of metacentric or meta-submetacentric chromosomes graded in size from 4.3 to 7.0 microns. Slight interspecific differences exist in the position of the centromere of chromosomes of the pair 3. Based on existing chromosome data the possible pathways of the karyotypic evolution within the family Hymenolepididae are discussed.
Freeze fixation-dehydration as a method of preparation of Gyrodactylus (Monogenea) for SEM.
Freeze fixation-dehydration was used for the first time in the preparation of attached Gyrodactylus for SEM viewing. The technique provided instant immobilization of specimens before death and negligible shrinkage throughout the fixation-dehydration process. Comparisons of sample means of two linear measurements of attached opisthaptors showed 20% more shrinkage of Gyrodactylus fixed using 10% neutral buffered formalin than those which were freeze fixed. Freeze fixation-dehydration was excellent for the study of gross external morphology of attached Gyrodactylus. However, the freeze fixation-dehydration process may cause disruption of intracellular structural components making delicate tissues brittle and more prone to damage during subsequent manipulation.
Helminth parasites of wildfowl from Slimbridge, Gloucestershire. I. Parasites of captive Anatidae.
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Helminth parasites of wildfowl from Slimbridge, Gloucestershire. II. Parasites of wild mallard.
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Helminth parasites of the wild rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.) in north east England.
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The anatomy of Liga brevis (von Linstow, 1884) Dubinina, 1953, a cyclophllidean tapeworm from the golden-plover. Pluvialis apricaria (L.) and some discussion on the genus Liga Weinland, 1857.
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Studies on Spirometra theileri (Baer, 1925) n. comb. 1. Identification and biology in the laboratory.
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