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At least 1,171 records · Page 65Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

New genomic resources for the honey bee(Apis mellifera L.): development of a deep-coverage BAC library and a preliminary STC database.

We have constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for a European honey bee strain using the cloning enzyme HindIII in order to develop resources for structural genomics research. The library contains 36,864 clones (ninety-six 384-well plates). A random sampling of 247 clones indicated an average insert size of 113 kb (range = 27 to 213 kb) and 2% empty vectors. Based on an estimated genome size of 270 Mb, this library provides approximately 15 haploid genome equivalents, allowing >99% probability of recovering any specific sequence of interest. High-density colony filters were gridded robotically using a Genetix Q-BOT in a 4 x 4 double-spotted array on 22.5-cm2 filters. Screening of the library with four mapped honey bee genomic clones and two bee cDNA probes identified an average of 21 positive signals per probe, with a range of 7-38 positive signals per probe. An additional screening was performed with nine aphid gene fragments and one Drosophila gene fragment resulting in seven of the nine aphid probes and the Drosophila probe producing positive signals with a range of 1 to 122 positive signals per probe (average of 45). To evaluate the utility of the library for sequence tagged connector analysis, 1152 BAC clones were end sequenced in both forward and reverse directions, giving a total of 2061 successful reads of high quality. End sequences were queried against SWISS-PROT, insect genomic sequence GSS, insect EST, and insect transposable element databases. Results in spreadsheet format from these searches are publicly available at the Clemson University Genomics Institute (CUGI) website in a searchable format (http://www.genome.clemson.edu/projects/stc/bee/AM__Ba/).

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Decreased flight performance and sperm production in drones of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) slightly infested by Varroa destructor mites during pupal development.

We developed a bioassay to measure the flying power of drone, in order to determine which drones could reach a drone congregation area. A wind tunnel was used to test unparasitized drones and drones slightly parasitized by one or two mites during pupal development, and counts were made of the number of spermatozoa that they produced. Drones parasitized with one mite flew as long as control drones (x= 6'55" and 6'48", respectively, P = 0.512); however, those that had been infested by two mites flew significantly less (x= 2'16", P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation (P<0.01) between flight duration and the number of spermatozoa per drone in control group (r = 0.53), and in both the one mite (r = 0.43) and two mite (r = 0.54) groups. Drones infested during development with one or two mites produced 24 and 45% fewer sperm, respectively.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Cell nucleus activity during post-embryonic development of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Intranuclear acid phosphatase.

We report nuclear acid phosphatase activity in the somatic (intra-ovariolar and stromatic) and germ cells of differentiating honey bee worker ovaries, as well as in the midgut cells of metamorphosing bees. There was heterogeneity in the intensity and distribution of electron dense deposits of lead phosphate, indicative of acid phosphatase activity in the nuclei of these tissues, during different phases of post-embryonic bee development. This heterogeneity was interpreted as a variation of the nuclear functional state, related to the cell functions in these tissues.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Magnetic parameters of the bees Apis mellifera mellifera (L.) obtained by SQUID-magnetometry].

It was found using SQUID-magnetometry that the dependence of the magnetization of a bee on the intensity of the applied magnetic fields has the form of a hysteresis loop. By using the parameters of the loop, the magnetic phases were identified and their characteristics were determined. It was found that the diamagnetic component is significant and has a susceptibility = -1,3335 x 10(-8) Gs x cm3/Oe. The ferromagnetite phase is represented by a multidomain magnetite with the coercive force of 70-80 Oe and magnetic saturation momnts of 4 x 10(-5) EMU (Gs x cm3) and residual moment of 3.07 x 10(-6) EMU.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Maternal influence on the acceptance of virgin queens introduced into Africanized honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies.

The oviposition potential of honey bee queens decreases with age, therefore it is important to replace old queens with younger ones on a periodic basis. However, queen replacement is problematic, especially in Africanized honey bee colonies, since many introduced queens are not accepted, and virgin queens are less easily accepted than are mated queens. We assessed the influence of genetic origin (queen mother) on the acceptance of queens, when they were introduced as virgins into Africanized honey bee colonies. For this purpose, 12 daughter queens from each of 11 mother queens with no degree of kinship among themselves were introduced. Introductions were made monthly, for 12 months, though the winter months of June and July were not included, as there is little brood and drones are rare in winter. There was some seasonal variation in the acceptance rates; generally there was greater acceptance in months with good honey flows. However, the acceptance of introduced queens was influenced by their origin. The rate of acceptance of daughter queens from the 11 different mother queens varied significantly, ranging from 33 to 75%. There appears to be a genetic influence of the mother queen on the introduced queen acceptance rate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuronal activity in a honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) with kynurenine deficiency].

Neuronal activity of the antennal lobes, mushroom bodies, and cervical connective in wild-type honey bees and snowlaranija mutants was recorded at different stages of the ontogeny (on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, and 25th days). The mutation snowlaranija affects the structural gene of tryptophane oxygenase, the first key exzyme in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophane metabolism, and leads to a deficit of kynurenines. Changes in neuronal activity in nutant bees were most pronounced in the cervical connective. A significant decrease in the pulse rate was revealed only in homozygous but not in heterozygous individuals. This finding is in accordance with previously reported inhibitory effect of the mutation at the behavioral level. Less pronounced effects were obtained when the neuronal activity was recorded in the antennal lobes or mushroom bodies. This may be related to a complex character of biochemical changes in different parts of mutants brain.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

API expert consensus document on management of ischemic heart disease.

The incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) has dramatically increased in India during the recent years. There are two facets of CAD: stable CAD and unstable CAD which includes patients with acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, ST elevation myocardial infarction). The treatment of stable CAD (stable angina) includes anti-anginal medication, medication to modify atherosclerosis and aggressive treatment of causative risk factors. Those patients with stable CAD who have symptoms refractory to medical treatment usually require coronary angiography to be followed by either percutaneous or surgical revascularization. Percutaneous coronary revascularization using drug eluting stents has been a major revolution during the last five years for symptomatic relief of angina in symptomatic CAD and can be applied to large subsets of patients. Off-pump surgical revascularization using arterial grafts is a major advance and bypass surgery continues to remain treatment of choice in diabetics with multi-vessel CAD, left main CAD and in patients with multivessel disease and impaired ventricles. Acute coronary syndromes are usually caused by plaque rupture with resultant thrombus and present as unstable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). It is now increasingly realized that these patients (particularly the one with high risk) are best managed in advanced cardiac care centres with facilities for cardiac catheterization laboratory, percutaneous coronary interventions and coronary bypass surgery. In both, NSTEMI and STEMI aggressive medical management involving nitrates, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, dual anti-platelet agents, heparin and statins are recommended. High risk patients with NSTE-ACS require use of glycoprotein IIa / IIIb inhibitors along with early invasive approach involving coronary angiography, angioplasty using drug eluting stent and in some patients bypass surgery. Early reperfusion is key to management of patients presenting with STEMI. If facilities are available, primary percutaneous coronary intervention (angioplasty with stenting) is treatment of choice for patients with STEMI. In our country, thrombolysis still remains the most frequently utilized reperfusion therapy and all efforts should be devoted to provide this therapy at the earliest. All high risk patients with STEMI (including cardiogenic shock) are best treated in higher centres and these patients should be promptly transported to such centres. Early coronary angiography is recommended for majority of patients following thrombolysis for risk stratification and further treatment. In acute coronary syndromes there is drift towards early invasive treatment and this is reflected in marked increase in cardiac care (catheterization laboratories and cardiac surgery centers) facilities throughout India. All patients with CAD require life-long supervised treatment which includes medication, control of risk factors and lifestyle modification. Avoidance of smoking, heart healthy diet, proper exercise, ideal weight management are important for all the patients. Statins, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, antiplatelet agents have a great role to play in treatment and prevention and these drugs should be utilized under medical supervision. It is important that the medical profession play an important role in critically evaluating the use of diagnostic procedures and therapies as they are introduced and tested in the detection and management of cardiac disorders. The American College of Cardiology (ACC), American Heart Association (AHA), European Society of Cardiology (ESC), Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) and several other societies engage in production of guidelines in the area of cardiovascular diseases from time to time. These guidelines attempt to define practices that meet the needs of most patients in most circumstances. The aim of the guidelines is to improve the patient care. The ultimate judgement regarding the care of the particular patient is to be made by the clinician / healthcare provider keeping in mind all the circumstances. The incidence and prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) has increased tremendously in India during the last two decades and this change is largely attributable to lifestyle changes. There has also been a rapid progress in the treatment of CAD with proliferation of specialized cardiac care units, intensive care units, cardiac catheterization laboratories and facilities for bypass surgery. It is estimated that there are over 400 catheterization laboratories currently in India and nearly half of them are located in six major cities. The increase in disease and availability of facilities has resulted in a dramatic change and the focus is shifting from only medical treatment to invasive treatment. This document is an expert consensus document which has been prepared by going through the available guidelines and other relevant literature on the subject. The experts have performed a formal review of the literature and have weighed the strength of evidence for or against a particular therapy as it can be applied in Indian scenario. The consensus document deals with the management of ischemic heart disease (IHD) under following sections: 1) Stable Angina 2) Non ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (NSTE-ACS) 3) ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (STE-ACS) or Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI).

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

[Mites (Acarida) of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) in Poland].

400 samples of natural winter debris collected from bee hives, 150 samples of stored honey and 100 samples of pollen collected by bees were examined; full of food and empty honey combs, brood and adult bees were also observed. 100% of samples of debris, 90% of pollen and almost 24% of honey samples contained mites; they were found also on honey combs and on died and living bees (brood, imagines). 33 mite species were found. Besides of parasite Varroa jacobsoni Oud. numerous mites belonging to Acaridae, Ameroseiidae, Tarsonemidae and Tydeidae were frequent. They are often accompanied by predatory mites from families Cheyletidae, Aceosejidae, Laelapidae, Bdellidae and Cunaxidae. 3 stated species--Acotyledon paradoxa Oud., Lasioacarus nidicolus Kadz. et Sev. and Thyreophagus odyneri Fain are new for Poland.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Peculiarities in ontogenesis and reproductive cycle of the mite Varroa jacobsoni (Parasitiformes, Varroidae) and its relation to the host Apis mellifera.

On the basis on functional morphology and ecology of Varroa jacobsoni the reproductive cycle of female mites was divided into 5 stages: copulation, puberty, preoviposition, oviposition, rehabilitation. The whole ontogeny from egg to formed protonymph in the chorion proceeds very intensively (26 to 30 hours). Besides the reproductive potential is realized during an extremely short period (6 to 7 days) which duration is determined by the total duration of the mite's ontogeny, so that the development of adult mites in all of the viable eggs laid has to be completed by the time the bees leave the brood.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Glucagon as a non species-specific regulator of the glycaemia in honeybee (Apis mellifica).

It is known that hormones which exist in vertebrates are very old in respect to evolution. The presence of insulin and glucagon in insects had already been suggested in the early sixties. In this study honeybees are living in an "artificial hive" in the German laboratory under exactly standardized conditions. In the French laboratory standardized conditions yielded because only emerging worker bees were used i.e. those which were just slipping from the honeycomb alveoli. It seemed of interest to introduce an in vivo model in which one animal is punctured at tergum III in order to gain 1 microliter hemolymph using a glass capillary tube . *For the first time it is possible to puncture one animal three times. The main sugars in the hemolymph were silylated* and determined by gas chromatography in the German resp. by nano thin layer chromatography in the French laboratory. 0-500 ng porcine glucagon resp. the same amount of purified bee glucagon were injected to the animals and the action on carbohydrates observed during 2 hours. Similar to the action of glucagon in vertebrates, carbohydrate metabolism although completely different, appears to be regulated in part in this invertebrate stem. It is concluded that glucagon may represent a key hormone for degradation of the glycogen stores.

Acclimatization↗
PubMed1990

[Quantitative assay method for total saponins in Panax quinquefolium Api].

This article adopts macro-reticular resins to separate and get rid of water soluble impurities such as carbohydrate in Panax quinquefolium so as to determine its total saponin content by spectrophotometry. This method also yields good results in determining the total saponins in P. ginseng ora solution. For the control or appraise of the quality of preparations containing P. quinquefolium or P. ginseng oral solutions this method has practice value.

Honey↗