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PubMed1988

[The choice of rational methods for determining antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica. The agglutination reaction].

Six tests suitable for the detection of antibodies to Y. enterocolitica, serovars 03 and 09, were studied. The results of the study of hyperimmune sera revealed that the agglutination test and the indirect hemagglutination test were the most promising methods and deserved efforts for their further development. Bacterial diagnostic agents were prepared from live, heat-killed and formalin-killed Yersinia cultures and tested. The titration of homologous and heterologous sera revealed no essential differences in the preparations; in the serological examination of healthy persons (102), patients with Yersinia enteral infection (150) and with other acute enteral infections (92), the results obtained with the use of the above-mentioned preparations carried the highest information content. OH diagnostic agents proved to have the highest specificity; of these, the diagnosticum obtained by treatment 0.3-0.4% formalin vas found to be the most stable and technologically effective preparation. The minimal diagnostic titer of the agglutination test for the presence of Yersinia enteral infection was established (1:60 = 1:320). This titer was determined in 73% of the patients with bacteriologically confirmed Yersinia enteral infection and only in 1% of healthy persons and patients with other acute enteral infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

[Comparison of the IFA, ELISA IgG, ELISA IgM, IHA and the direct agglutination tests in Toxoplasma gondii serology].

In this study, toxoplasma antibodies were evaluated by using IFA, ELISA IgG, ELISA IgM, IHA and direct agglutination test in serum samples obtained from reproductive women. The specificity, sensitivity, unit costing and timing of tests compared with IFA test. In this evaluation IFA test are used. ELISA IgG specificity 98%, sensitivity 97.5%; IHA specificity 90%, sensitivity 97.5%; direct agglutination specificity 92%, sensitivity 95% have been found.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1986

A novel agglutination test for the human immunodeficiency virus antibody: a comparative study with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence.

A new serological test, the gelatin particle agglutination (PA) test, was developed for the detection of antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The sensitivity of the PA test was the same as that of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) among 761 US and Japanese sera tested. However, false-positive cases were found in 1.2% of all sera in ELISA but in 0% in the PA test (P less than 0.05). There was 100% agreement of seropositivity between PA and a confirmatory indirect immunofluorescence (IF) test. In addition, the agglutination test was reproducible. Thus, the test should be useful for the mass screening of anti-HIV antibody in blood donors.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

[The quantitative determination of the IgM rheumatoid factor using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Comparison with the agglutination test and the radioimmuno-polyethyleneglycol precipitation test].

A solid-phase radioimmunoassay capable of detecting nanogram quantities of human IgM rheumatoid factor using a monoclonal anti-mu-chain antibody is described. Human IgG did not interfere with the detection of IgM RF by this method. The small nonspecific binding of nonRF IgM to the human IgG coated tubes utilized in the assay must be corrected for by assaying samples in parallel bovine serum albumin coated control tubes only in cases of deviation of IgM from normal range. 69 coded and randomly arranged sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), nonrheumatic joint diseases and healthy adult control subjects were investigated by this method, agglutination techniques as well as RIPEGA. A good correlation between solid-phase radioimmunoassay and agglutination techniques was found. Patients with seropositive RA had significantly higher concentrations of IgM RF than seronegative RA patients or control subjects (mean +/- 1 SD = 133,3 +/- 187,2 micrograms/ml versus 4,7 +/- 6,5 micrograms/ml and 2,2 +/- 4,0 micrograms/ml; resp.).

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1988

[Direct agglutination as a tool for toxoplasma control in pregnancy].

Sera of 3243 pregnant women were tested by direct agglutination and dye test for toxoplasma antibodies. An agreement of 99.48% between results of both tests could be found. The direct agglutination can be recommended as a screening technique in pregnancy care.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1987

Differentiation of Leishmania strains of Indian origin by lectin-mediated agglutination.

Characterisation of surface saccharides was carried out in 3 different strains of Indian leishmaniae by 7 lectins. Energy dependent agglutination and role of cytoskeletal disintegrator were also analysed. Wisteria floribunda, peanut agglutinin and soybean agglutinin can be used to differentiate clearly the leishmanial strains causing disease like visceral leishmaniasis, post Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. The remaining lectins have mixed agglutination behaviour towards these strains. The effective concentration of dinitrophenol, sodium azide and colchicine is 10 mM, 25 mM and 1.25 x 10(-2) M, respectively.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1987

Analysis of combined rheumatoid factor determinations by the rheumatoid arthritis latex and sheep cell agglutination tests and the American Rheumatism Association criteria for rheumatoid arthritis.

The clinical records of randomly selected patients receiving both the sheep cell agglutination test (SCAT) and the latex agglutination test (RA latex) for rheumatoid factor (RF) were analyzed for the presence of American Rheumatism Association (ARA) criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). When both tests were positive there was a 3-fold increase compared to only one test positive in the relative risk that a patient met ARA criteria for RA, and there was a 2-fold increase in the probability that a patient with 2 positive tests had classical RA compared to only a positive RA latex. The occurrence of RF reactive with both human and rabbit IgG identifies a population of patients likely to have more ARA criteria for RA and classical disease.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of in-vitro capacitation of human spermatozoa on the action of the sperm-immobilizing and sperm-agglutinating antibodies. Possible therapeutic applications on female antisperm isoimmunization.

In 51 serum samples (31 originating from infertile women, 20 from infertile men) with significant sperm immobilizing activity (S.I.T. with S.I.V. greater than 2) we carried out the following tests using semen from three proven fertile donors with excellent semenological characteristics: repetition of S.I.T.; carrying out of S.I.T. with sperm previously subjected to in vitro capacitation (S.I.T.-cap.); carrying out of T.A.T.; carrying out T.A.T. with sperm previously subjected to in-vitro capacitation (T.A.T.-cap.). Nor was there statistically significant difference evident in the results of the tests in relation to the use of the semen of the three different donors. In all 51 samples the repetition of S.I.T. involved the confirmation of sperm-immobilizing activity, while the result of such activity was constantly negative when it was carried out with S.I.T.-cap. In female subjects the comparison of the results of S.I.T. and S.I.T.-cap. showed a statistically significant difference (p less than 0.001). 38 out of the 51 serum samples examined showed positive T.A.T. with variant titers from 1:32 to 1:512 and with different types of agglutination (H, T, tip, M). In all the serum examined, T.A.T.-cap. resulted positive with a titer of 1:512 and agglutination of type H. The results of S.I.T.-cap. seem to underline the advantages linked to the use of capacitated semen in A.I.H. and in G.I.F.T. The evaluation of the results of T.A.T.-cap. make us suspect that they are not linked with the presence of antibodies in tested sera.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

[Serological diagnosis of the species Haemophilus equigenitalis using the rapid agglutination and coagglutination method].

The method of rapid slide agglutination and coagglutination was tested in the detection of Haemophilus equigenitalis (Taylorella equigenitalis)--the causal agent of contagious equine metritis (CEM). It was demonstrated that both methods were suitable for the serological diagnosis of the species under study. The antisera obtained from rabbits immunized with Haemophilus equigenitalis strains treated in different ways were specific, but with different antibody titres. When cross reactions with other species of microorganisms were verified, the antisera did not react with any of the strains, even after binding them to protein A of the positive strain Staphylococcus aureus--Cowan I. Coagglutination was much more rapid and pronounced than the ordinary rapid agglutination test. It was characterized by a low consumption of specific antiserum. The specific antibodies bound to staphylococci were kept at the temperature of 4 degrees C for several months without losing agglutinin activity.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Reduction of non-specific reactions to the Brucella abortus serum agglutination test by the addition of EDTA.

Serum samples taken from cattle known to be infected with Brucella abortus, and samples routinely collected as part of the brucellosis eradication scheme were tested by the serum agglutination test (SAT), complement fixation test (CFT) and the SAT modified by the addition of ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). In 64 per cent of the samples giving an SAT titre greater than 100 iu, but a CFT titre 8.3 icftu or less, the agglutination reaction was sufficiently affected by the action of EDTA for the titre to drop to below 100 iu. Only 5 per cent of samples giving an SAT titre greater than 100 iu and a CFT titre of 20 icftu or greater were affected in a similar manner by EDTA, and none of the 29 sera taken from known infected animals showed a drop in titre to below 100 iu, although some with titres greater than 500 iu did show significant EDTA sensitivity.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1985

Correlation of results of agglutination assays with concanavalin A and carcinogenesis experiments on promoters of bladder cancer.

The promoting effects of various chemicals and dietary constituents on bladder carcinogenesis were examined by means of a short-term assay, in which maintenance of concanavalin A agglutination of isolated rat bladder cells caused by a subcarcinogenic dose of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine was used as an indicator. Twenty-seven chemicals were examined as possible promoters. Positive results in this assay were consistent with established promoting effects in the cases of sodium saccharin, saccharin, sodium L-ascorbate, sodium cyclamate, DL-tryptophan, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, L-thioproline and phenacetin. Allopurinol was the only established promoter that gave negative results in the agglutination assay. Thus, this method is useful for rapid evaluation of the specific promoting effect of a chemical on bladder carcinogenesis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of cosmo-helio-geophysical factors on the agglutination of bacteria in vitro].

A correlation between intensity of neutronal component of cosmic rays and typhoid bacteria agglutination was revealed. Agglutination speed dependence on season, polarity of interplanetary magnetic field, geomagnetic storms, Sun's revolution was shown. An assumption is made about an important role of the magnetic fields in the phenomena observed.

Agglutination↗
PubMed1985

Demonstration of vaccine-induced immunity to anaplasmosis without induction of persistent postvaccinal complement-fixing and agglutinating antibodies in yearling steers.

The protective effect and anti-Anaplasma complement-fixing and agglutinating antibody responses induced in yearling steers by vaccination with an inactivated Anaplasma marginale vaccine were evaluated by challenge exposure. Eleven 12- to 14-month-old Hereford X Angus steers were randomly allotted into 6 principals and 5 controls. The principals were injected IM with 5 ml of vaccine on days 0 and 21. On day 70, the 11 steers were challenge exposed by IV inoculation of A marginale-infected blood. After a prolonged prepatent period, the vaccinated steers developed a significantly (P less than 0.01) lower A marginale parasitemia (8.0%) than did the nonvaccinated controls (26.3%). The persistence of a greater than or equal to 0.5% parasitemia was significantly (P less than 0.025) reduced from 34 days in the control to 21 days in the vaccinated group. The percentage reduction in PCV was significantly (P less than 0.025) less in the vaccinated group (34%) as compared with the controls (57%). Complement-fixing and agglutinating antibody responses induced by vaccination did not persist for more than 21 days after the 2nd vaccine injection and did not interfere with positive seroconversion resulting from challenge exposure.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1976

Identification of immunoglobulins associated with complement fixation, agglutination, and low pH buffered antigen tests for brucellosis.

Serums from infected cattle, cattle with persistent postvaccinal antibody, and serologically "positive" noninfected cattle were fractionated into major immunoglobulin classes by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose chromatography and by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Each fraction was assayed for anti-Brucella activity by standard tube-agglutination test (STT), buffered tube-agglutination test (BTT), and complement-fixation test (CF). In the serums from experimentally infected cattle, anti-Brucella antibody could be found by all tests in 6 DEAE fractions and in slow, fast, and sediment regions of the density gradient. Serums from cattle with persistent postvaccinal titers had STT activity in all 6 DEAE fractions, BTT activity in 5 fractions, and CF activity in only 1 fraction. The STT and BTT activities were found in the slow and the sediment regions of the gradient, whereas the CF activity was found only in the slow region. Serums from a chronically infected animal had STT and BTT activities in 2 DEAE fractions and CF activity in only 1. The STT, BTT, and CF activities were found in the slow and the sediment regions of the gradient. The principal antibody in serums from noninfected cattle was immunoglobulin M, which had all of the CF activity and most of the STT and BTT activities. Low levels of STT and BTT activities were found in 3 other DEAE fractions. Only STT and BTT activities were found in the fast and the sediment regions of the gradient.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Co-agglutination as an alternative to precipitin testing in streptococcal grouping (author's transl)].

Grouping of beta-hemolytic streptococcal strains was performed over a six months period on a total of 102 isolates. The purpose was to compare the Lancefield method with three different possibilities offered by the Co-agglutination technique. The results show that the Co-agglutination is as reliable as precipitin testing but it can be much more sensitive and rapid than any other method.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1978

The effects of Brucella strain 19 vaccination on titers in the tube agglutination test: a case control study.

The degree of agglutination in the tube agglutination test of the sera of 373 "reactor" cattle was compared to that of 800 "non-reactor" cattle from multiple reactor herds in southwestern Ontario. Vaccinated cattle had lower titers than did nonvaccinated cattle. Thus, vaccinated cattle were less likely to be classified as positive than nonvaccinated cattle irrespective of the method of interpreting the results of the tube test. When the full allowance for vaccination was used, vaccinated cattle were less likely to be classified as suspicious than nonvaccinated cattle. The extent of herd vaccination did not appear to markedly influence the effects of vaccination or the prevalence of reactors. Thus, it appeared that vaccination with strain 19 produced a small protective effect (inferred from the lower titers in vaccinated animals), but that the magnitude of this effect was markedly dependent on the appropriateness of the vaccine allowance for classifying cattle. Further work is needed on this aspect of vaccination with strain 19.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1978

[Early immunological aspects in rats infected by Trypanosoma cruzi. I. Agglutination and immunofluorescence tests with antigen of trypomastigotes recovered in successive days of the infection (author's transl)].

From rats infected with the Y strain of T. cruzi trypomastigotes were recovered in successive days to be used in agglutination tests (AT) and in direct immunofluorescence tests (DIT). Titres obtained in AT reached 1/640 with trypomastigotes in the fourth and fifth days, decreased to 1/160 in the sixth day and were negative in the seventh day; in the tenth day the titers were again up to 1/40 and reached 1/320 in the eleventh day. The DIT were negative with trypomastigotes in the fourth and fifth days, a few were positive in the sixth day and numerous were positive in the seventh day; again a few were positive in the tenth day and all were negative in the eleventh day. These results seems to indicate that the trypomastigotes are blocked by circulating antibodies when they are not agglutinated by immune sera in vitro.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1979

[The relationship between haptoglobin type and serum agglutination titers against group G streptococci with the T4-antigen in pregnant women and newborn infants].

The relationship between haptoglobin type and titer of agglutination against streptococci carrying the T4-antigen was examined in 100 pairs of sera (mother/child). In healthy pregnant women high titers were predominant in individuals of haptoglobin type 2--2. Lower titers were found in sera of women with diseases during pregnancy. In 4% of the newborns only the haptoglobin type could be recognized. In comparison of maternal and neonate titers of agglutination pointed out the antibody-like activity of haptoglobins.

Agglutination Tests↗