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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Plasma sodium-osmotic dissociation and hormonal interaction with drinking-induced hypervolemia at 2800 m altitude.

PURPOSE: To study hormonal factors that may account for the dissociation between beverage-induced plasma sodium p[Na+] and osmotic p[Osm] concentrations that appear to refute the high theoretical correlation between p[Na+] and p[Osm]. METHODS: Ten men (24 +/- SD 3 yr of age) sat reclining (head up) for 12 h in a chamber (21-23 degrees C dry bulb, 25-33% relative humidity) at 2800 m (9184 ft, 539 mm Hg) altitude (ALT), and at 321 m (1053 ft, 732 mm Hg) on the ground (GND). During 1000-1030 hours they consumed 3 fluids (12 ml x kg(-1),X = 948 ml x d(-1)) with large differences in sodium and osmotic contents: AstroAde (AA) with 185 mEq x L(-1) Na+ and 283 mOsm x kg(-1), Performance 1 (Shaklee) (P1) with 22 mEq x L(-1) Na+ and 365 mOsm kg(-1), or H2O at ALT; and only H2O on the GND. RESULTS: After drinking: plasma volume (PV) increased at 1200 hours by 8.3% (p < 0.05) with AA but was not significantly (NS) changed in the other sessions (Xdelta = +0.9%, range -0.9 to 2.8%); p[Na+] and p[Osm] were unchanged. Urinary rates and free-water clearances were attenuated with AA and P1 vs. those with H2O. Correlations between and among p[Na+] and p[Osm] suggest that the pNa+ ion is more tightly controlled than pOsm; and that there was no clear hormonal response that could account for this dissociation from theoretical considerations. CONCLUSIONS: There is significant dissociation between plasma sodium and osmotic concentrations after fluid intake. Induction and maintenance of hypervolemia requires increased (near isotonic) drink Na+ osmols rather than increased non-ionic osmols.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Two cases of TURP syndrome with severe cardiovascular depression].

We report two cases of TURP (transurethral resection of prostate) syndrome showing severe cardiovascular depression without any neurological disturbances. One patient developed hypotension (62/42 mmHg) and ST segment depression (-2.7 mm) on ECG during TURP. Another patient developed hypotension (60/38 mmHg) and nodal bradycardia (34.min-1) 15 minutes after the operation. No neurological signs were observed, despite severe hyponatremia (113 and 117 mEq.l-1, respectively). It is highly likely that hypovolemia and/or electrophysiological inhibition of pacemaker cell due to hyponatremia caused the symptoms. We emphasize that sudden circulatory depression as well as neurological disorders should be recognized as a major symptom of TURP syndrome.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

[The microhemodynamics and lymph flow in the small intestine under the action of histamine against a background of water loading and hyperthermia in dogs].

In anesthetized dogs, an increase of the lymph flow and the transcapillary fluid transfer, under the effect of histamine, was due to elevation of capillary hydrostatic pressure and capillary filtration coefficient in the small intestine. Against the background of water load and hyperthermia, histamine induced less obvious shifts of the microhemodynamic parameters and lymph flow in the small intestine.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Early diagnosis of central pontine myelinolysis with diffusion-weighted imaging.

Central pontine myelinolysis (CPM) occurs in the setting of rapidly corrected hyponatremia, especially in chronically debilitated patients. Conventional CT and MR imaging findings lag the clinical manifestations of CPM. We present a case in which restricted diffusion was identified within the central pons by using MR diffusion-weighted imaging within 24 hours of onset of patient tetraplegia and before findings were conspicuous with conventional MR imaging sequences (T1, T2, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery).

Critical Care↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Troubleshooting non-infectious peritoneal dialysis issues.

Peritoneal dialysis is commonly preformed by patients and their caregivers in the home, in nursing homes, and in both acute and rehabilitation hospitals. The success of the therapy requires that the nurse overseeing the care of the patient on peritoneal dialysis in the acute, sub-acute, and chronic settings has the skills and knowledge to identify specific non-infectious issues, choose an appropriate and effective intervention activity, document the findings and outcomes, and educate the patient to assist in the resolution of the non-infectious issues, and avoid future recurrence. This article reviews the most common non-infectious complications that occur in patients on peritoneal dialysis and discusses an organized clinical process to troubleshoot the issues and achieve the desired clinical outcomes.

Critical Pathways↗
PubMed2005

[Atypical antipsychotic-associated impaired glucose tolerance].

Some reports of impaired glucose tolerance associated with olanzapine (OLZ) treatment have been published before OLZ was marketed in Japan. In Japan, we have been prohibited from using OLZ for patients with diabetes mellitus, since several cases with OLZ-associated impaired glucose tolerance including two deaths from diabetic coma have been reported. Here, we report four cases of OLZ-associated impaired glucose tolerance and review the points to consider in treatment with OLZ. Of our four cases, three cases were new-onset (non diabetes mellitus cases) and the other case was a diabetes mellitus-existent (diabetes mellitus case). In the non DM cases, the time to the onset of impaired glucose tolerance after initiating treatment with OLZ was 8-9 months, and the impaired glucose tolerance immediately improved after discontinuing treatment with OLZ and initiating treatment for diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is necessary to continue long-term monitoring of the parameters of glucose metabolism for all patients treated with OLZ. Should impaired glucose tolerance develop during treatment with OLZ, treatment with OLZ should be discontinued immediately and treatment for diabetes mellitus should be started if necessary. Although the condition of diabetes mellitus was stable befor initiating treatment with OLZ in the DM case, hyperglycemia developed immediately after initiating treatment with OLZ and the condition remained unstable even after early treatment for diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is necessary to check for a previous history of diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia befor initiating treatment with OLZ. Correlations between weight gain and occurrence of impaired glucose tolerance are not clear, so it is necessary to monitor the occurrence of impaired glucose tolerance even in cases without weight gain.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Hyperhydration and the cardiovascular system in patients receiving hemodialysis].

In order to evaluate the influence of volume overload on the cardiovascular system, patients on program hemodialysis were examined using ultrasonography and isotope ventriculography. The study revealed a doubtless correlation between hyperhydration, on the one hand, and arterial hypertension, an increased minute volume, and left ventricular hypertrophy, on the other. A growing left atrial contribution was shown to play an important role for the maintenance of an adequate left ventricular filling during a session of hemodialysis with ultrafiltration. The study also found paradoxal blood sequestration in the venous system during the process of ultrafiltration in patients with high parathyroid hormone levels.

Adult↗