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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Combating poverty and rebuilding social ties: the lessons of Citizens' Action in the Struggle Against Hunger and Destitution and in Defense of Life].

To reflect on Citizens' Action in the Struggle Against Hunger and Destitution and in Defense of Life is to seek to approach the dilemmas and challenges involving the consolidation of citizenship and social justice, as well as the forces in action in contemporary Brazilian society. However, many questions remain open in this effort. The intertwining issues of poverty, politics, and solidarity and the concrete shapes and multiple social developments of Brazil's "Campaign Against Hunger" leave room for various possible interpretations. Thus, considering the breadth of the theme on the one hand and the limits of this article on the other, the objective is to explore some relevant issues in the debate on destitution and exclusion and the process of constructing new kinds of public social intervention and civic participation, arising over the course of the study conducted by the "Citizens' Action Committees" in Rio de Janeiro during 1996 and 1997. The basic idea is to focus on volunteer practices to discuss the dilemmas posed for solving impoverishment and social fragmentation through cooperative activities and mutual help in Brazil.

Brazil↗
PubMed2003

How human immunodeficiency virus voluntary testing can contribute to tuberculosis control.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is fueling the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. However, despite their close epidemiological links, the public health responses have largely been separate. WHO has set out a strategy to decrease the burden of HIV-related TB, comprising interventions against both TB and HIV. Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV can link TB and HIV programme activities. The benefits of VCT for HIV to TB patients include referral for appropriate clinical care and support for those testing HIV-positive. Likewise, people attending a centre for VCT can benefit from TB screening: those found to be both HIV-positive and with active TB need referral for TB treatment; those without active TB should be offered TB preventive treatment with isoniazid. To explore how VCT for HIV can contribute to a more coherent response to TB, WHO is coordinating the ProTEST Initiative. The name "ProTEST" is derived from the Promotion of voluntary testing as an entry point for access to the core interventions of intensified TB case-finding and isoniazid preventive treatment. Other interventions may be added to provide finally a comprehensive range of HIV and TB prevention and care interventions. Under the ProTEST Initiative, pilot districts are establishing links between centres for VCT for HIV and TB prevention and care. This will pave the way for large-scale operationalization of the comprehensive range of interventions needed to control TB in settings with high HIV prevalence.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed2001

Gaps between HIV/AIDS policies and treatment in correctional facilities.

In this article the authors examined correctional policy and its impact on the incidence of HIV/AIDS in prison population. Using data from the Florida Correctional System, they find that HIV/AIDS is still the leading cause of death. Improved treatment and care may have led to declines in AIDS-related mortality but the prison population continues to experience a much higher risk of mortality than he general population in spite of changes in the treatment and provision of care to infected patients. The dominance of HIV-related deaths indicates that treatment and voluntary testing policy have been ineffective. The authors argue that the persistence of HIV infections and AIDS-related deaths is largely attributable to continuing unequal distribution of health care resources between identified and unidentified HIV-infected inmates. Their analysis suggests that future changes in HIV/AIDS policy ib testing and treatment can contribute to improvement in health conditions of infected inmates.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗
PubMed2003

Inoculating for smallpox.

In California, one hospital decided the time was right to inoculate staff volunteers with the smallpox vaccine. Weighing the same pros and cons--civic responsibility, health risk, cost and reluctance of staff--other hospitals opted out of inoculations, at least for now. What led these organizations to such divergent decisions?

Bioterrorism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Elimination of persistently BVDV infect animals: efficient herd screening using RT-PCR and antigen ELISA in milk and serum samples].

With the long-term perspective of the eradication of BVD/MD in the German federal state Saxony-Anhalt a voluntary control program was initiated in 2002 by an administrative regulation based on federal German guidelines. The short-term aim of this program is the establishment of BVDV-unsuspected herds achieved by elimination of persistently infected cattle. The diagnostic program and particularly the choice of the diagnostic tools was based on the consideration of laboratory experiences as well as on economic and logistic aspects. A combination of RT-PCR and antigen-ELISA was found to be the suitable diagnostic methods. The screening started with examinations of sera pools using Real Time RT-PCR in the Light-Cylcer system. After positive pool results the individual persistently infected animals were detected using various commercial ERNS-antigen-ELISAs. The RT-PCR revealed a high degree of sensitivity and robustness. With respect to highly specific ELISAs the producers have to ensure the detection of all currently important virus strains. The prevalence of persistently infected animals in the cattle population of Saxony-Anhalt was about 0.2% during the last 3 years. This is probably due to nearly 10 years of broad vaccination and will prove advantageous for BVDV elimination.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Your move.

Welcome to the age of transparency. Spurred by an unprecedented convergence of forces, dissemination of hospital performance data is at the forefront of the quality movement. Thanks to an initiative led by the AHA and other groups, hospitals have the opportunity to define quality and decide how it will be measured and reported. Will they?

Benchmarking↗
PubMed1992

Health care workers infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The next steps.

The tragedy of five patients who contracted human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from a seropositive dentist has alarmed the public. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recently revised its recommendations for preventing the transmission of HIV infection to patients during invasive procedures. The CDC abandoned a previous plan to list exposure-prone invasive procedures that HIV-infected health care workers should not perform. The CDC said "expert review panels" should decide on a case-by-case basis whether seropositive health care workers may perform invasive procedures. As of February 1992, the revised recommendations were under review by the US Department of Health and Human Services. Many issues remain to be clarified, such as how these panels will operate and whether decisions will be consistent in similar cases. Disregarding the CDC guidelines or infection-control precautions may further erode public trust and lead to draconian restrictions on HIV-infected health care workers. Physicians and dentists should respond more effectively to public fears about HIV transmission. The challenge is to protect patients while respecting the privacy and livelihood of health care workers.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗