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Results for “User-Computer Interface”

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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Evaluating the quality of a probabilistic diagnostic system using different inferencing strategies.

In this paper we describe the evaluation of a probabilistic diagnostic system for patients with renal mass. Three inference models: Multi-membership Bayesian (MB), Minimal Diagnosis (MD) and Bayesian Network (BN), and 72 patients are used to illustrate three interrelated measures of system performance: accuracy, reliability and discriminating power. The inferencing strategies we tested demonstrated the kind of trade-offs in the performance measures that can be expected from imperfect systems. Ultimately, the purpose and expected use of a system should dictate the relative importance ascribed to different aspects of system performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Clinical, scholarly & campus information hypertext tools at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center.

In conjunction with other researchers at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center (CPMC) we have developed a number of hypertext and free text retrieval computer applications aimed at an extremely diverse audience which includes students and faculty in a university setting as well as health care providers and patients in hospital and clinic settings. Hypertext and free text systems offer features which make them ideal for presenting information in a wide variety of contexts; however, they also have several major weaknesses which must be addressed before these applications can be useful tools. We have learned to maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses to present material in a manner that is individualized to the needs of each user from the research scientist in the lab to the patient at the bedside.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1993

NetMenu: experience in the implementation of an institutional menu of information sources.

NetMenu is a program, developed at Yale, which enables straightforward access to online information systems. NetMenu has been deployed in several diverse settings within our medical center. In the hospital, NetMenu is functioning as a front-end for our clinical workstation providing access to the hospital information system, the clinical laboratory computer, a drug database and several bibliographic databases. The medical libraries are utilizing NetMenu for both medical education workstations and for scholarly information workstations. This paper describes our initial experience in the implementation, support, and maintenance of NetMenu as an institutional menu of information sources.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1993

Toward an interim standard for patient-centered knowledge-access.

Most care-giver "knowledge" needs arise at the point of care and are "patient-centered." Many of these knowledge needs can be met using existing on-line knowledge sources, but the process is too time-consuming, currently, for even the computer-proficient. We are developing a set of public domain standards aimed at bringing potentially relevant knowledge to the point of care in a straight-forward and timely fashion. The standards will a) make use of selected items from a Computer-based Patient Record (CPR), e.g., a diagnosis and measure of severity, b) anticipate certain care-giver knowledge needs, e.g., "therapy," "protocols," "complications," and c) try to satisfy those needs from available knowledge sources, e.g., knowledge-bases, citation databases, practice guidelines, and on-line textbooks. The standards will use templates, i.e., fill-in-the-blank structures, to anticipate knowledge needs and UMLS Metathesaurus enhancements to represent the content of knowledge sources. Together, the standards will form the specification for a "Knowledge-Server" (KS) designed to be accessed from any CPR system. Plans are in place to test an interim version of this specification in the context of medical oncology. We are accumulating anecdotal evidence that a KS operating in conjunction with a CPR is much more compelling to users than either a CPR or a KS operating alone.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1993

Critique of an evaluation of software for searching MEDLINE.

In a previous study, investigators at McMaster University compared 14 ways to search the MEDLINE database and concluded that the method that cost the least (the National Library of Medicine's ELHILL program) yielded the highest proportion of relevant articles, whereas the method that cost the most (PaperChase) yielded the least. There are serious defects in the study design that invalidate the authors' conclusions.

Bias↗
PubMed1993

An information sources map for Occupational and Environmental Medicine: guidance to network-based information through domain-specific indexing.

This paper describes a prototype information sources map (ISM), an on-line information source finder, for Occupational and Environmental Medicine (OEM). The OEM ISM was built as part of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) project of the National Library of Medicine. It allows a user to identify sources of on-line information appropriate to a specific OEM question, and connect to the sources. In the OEM ISM we explore a domain-specific method of indexing information source contents, and also a domain-specific user interface. The indexing represents a domain expert's opinion of the specificity of an information source in helping to answer specific types of domain questions. For each information source, an index field represents whether a source might provide useful information in an occupational, industrial, or environmental category. Additional fields represent the degree of specificity of a source in individual question types in each category. The paper discusses the development, design, and implementation of the prototype OEM ISM.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1993

Using the Internet Gopher Protocol to link a computerized patient record and distributed electronic resources.

At Duke University Medical Center, we are developing a prototype clinical application for automated patient care plans with integrated links to electronic documents and other electronic resources. These links are implemented using the Internet Gopher Protocol, an emerging standard for distributed document search and retrieval. Use of this protocol permits storage of electronic documents in an open, nonproprietary manner. This paper discusses the architecture of the link mechanism and presents some of the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1993

The ranking algorithm of the Coach browser for the UMLS metathesaurus.

This paper presents the novel ranking algorithm of the Coach Metathesaurus browser which is a major module of the Coach expert search refinement program. An example shows how the ranking algorithm can assist in creating a list of candidate terms useful in augmenting a suboptimal Grateful Med search of MEDLINE.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

CaseLog: semantic network interface to a student computer-based patient record system.

We have developed a computer program called CaseLog, which serves as an exemplary, computer-based patient record (CPR) system. The program allows for the introduction of the students to issues unique to patient record systems. These include record security, unique patient identifiers, and the use of controlled vocabularies. A particularly challenging aspect of the development of this program was allowing for student entry of controlled vocabulary terms. There were four goals we wished to achieve: students should be able to find the terms they are looking for; once a term has been found, it should be easy to find contextually related terms; it should be easy to determine that a sought-for term is not in the vocabulary; and the structure of the vocabulary should be dynamically altered by contextual information to allow its use for a variety of purposes. We chose a semantic network for our vocabulary structure. Within the processing power of the equipment we were working with, we achieved our goals. This paper will describe the development of the vocabulary, the design of the CaseLog program, and the feedback from student users of the program.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1993

Acceptance of direct physician access to a computer-based patient record in a managed care setting.

Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States has developed a fully integrated outpatient information system which currently runs on an IBM ES9000 on a VM platform written in MUMPS. The applications include Lab, Radiology, Transcription, Appointments. Pharmacy, Encounter tracking, Hospitalizations, Referrals, Phone Advice, Pap tracking, Problem list, Immunization tracking, and Patient demographics. They are department specific and require input and output from a dumb terminal. We have developed a physician's work station to access this information using PC compatible computers running Microsoft Windows and a custom Microsoft Visual Basic 2.0 environment which draws from these 14 applications giving the physician a comprehensive view of all electronic medical records. Through rapid prototyping, voluntary participation, formal training and gradual implementation we have created an enthusiastic response. 95% of our physician PC users access the system each month. The use ranges from 0.2 to 3.0 screens of data viewed per patient visit. This response continues to drive the process toward still greater user acceptance and further practice enhancement.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMed1993

Patient simulation using seamless digital video.

This manuscript describes a method for using digital-video technology to create patient simulations in which the simulated patient is always active on the computer screen. We outline the technical method we have developed, and we present the lessons learned in applying the method to develop a prototype patient simulation.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1993

Design and evaluation of multimedia stimuli to evoke clinical concepts.

Continuous speech recognition systems have the potential to facilitate clinical data entry, but evaluating them rigorously is difficult. We describe a tool to aid evaluators of such systems. The tool is a HyperCard stack with stimuli consisting of pictures, sounds and the minimum of words to evoke 20 QMR physical findings. Despite using up to four different stimuli to communicate each finding and piloting the material on six subjects, eight test subjects made a total of 66 errors (42%) in interpreting the 20 sets of stimuli, of which 22 errors (14%) were serious. These results are relevant to those designing interfaces for decision-support, tutorial and student testing systems.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1993

Image Engine: an object-oriented multimedia database for storing, retrieving and sharing medical images and text.

This paper describes Image Engine, an object-oriented, microcomputer-based, multimedia database designed to facilitate the storage and retrieval of digitized biomedical still images, video, and text using inexpensive desktop computers. The current prototype runs on Apple Macintosh computers and allows network database access via peer to peer file sharing protocols. Image Engine supports both free text and controlled vocabulary indexing of multimedia objects. The latter is implemented using the TView thesaurus model developed by the author. The current prototype of Image Engine uses the National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) vocabulary (with UMLS Meta-1 extensions) as its indexing thesaurus.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1993

An ODA-based coder/decoder for multimedia medical documents.

This paper describes the prototype of a coder/decoder based on the Open Document Architecture (ODA) standard for management of medical documents, as well as the working environment in which it has been developed. The prototype has been assessed in an X-Windows-equipped workstation with a relational database containing patient folders (text and still images) from the departmental information system of the liver transplantation unit.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Family practice informatics: research issues in computerized medical records.

There are unique features of family and general practice which lead to unique issues in medical informatics for family physicians. The nature of practice in office based community settings and the discipline of dealing with all ages, sexes, and health conditions over the lifetime of a patient and his/her family lead to models of the thinking that are different from those used in most other specialties. Research is urgently needed to verify the models of thinking that physicians use during patient care encounters and the associated nomenclatures and classifications which support them. User interfaces need to be optimized for accuracy and speed. Standards for medical records computing in family practice need testing and validation.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMed1994

GRATEFUL MED.

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Grateful Med↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer interview for screening blood donors for risk of HIV transmission.

To test the ability of a computer-based interview to detect factors related to the risk of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among potential blood donors, and to determine donor reactions to the use of the computer, we compared the rate of detection of HIV-related factors elicited by the computer interview with the rate elicited by standard American Red Cross procedures (written questionnaires and face-to-face interviews) for assessment of donor suitability. The study was performed at a Red Cross blood donor center and a hospital. A consecutive sample of 294 male and female blood donors 18 to 75 years of age participated in a randomized crossover trial in which the order of the two methods was reversed. Among 272 prospective donors who provided complete data, the computer identified 12 who reported either behavior associated with a risk of acquiring HIV or symptoms compatible with AIDS. None of these 12 was so identified by face-to-face interviews or written questionnaires. Only one used the confidential unit exclusion procedure to prevent use of his donated blood. Tests for antibody to HIV were negative in blood from all 272 subjects. The subjects enjoyed the computer interview and judged it to be more private than the standard method for donor assessment.

AIDS Serodiagnosis↗