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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Emergence of the deciduous canines and molars in CLP children.

The emergence of the deciduous canines and molars was investigated as part of a longitudinal study into the emergence of the deciduous dentition in Dutch cleft lip and/or palate children (CLP) (Kramer et al., 1989). The study comprised a group of 71 CLP children and 74 normal children that served as a control. Mean emergence ages of the deciduous upper and lower canines and molars were studied. Emergence of the deciduous primary molar on the cleft side was delayed 2 months in the upper jaw and 1 month in the lower jaw in children with an unilateral cleft lip and palate. The deciduous primary molar on the non-cleft side was not delayed as compared with normal children. Local anatomical relationships could be a possible explanation for these findings. The deciduous canines and secondary molars in both jaws showed no significant differences in mean emergence ages as compared with the control group, nor between the different cleft types. No sex differences were found in any of the groups. A table is presented containing the mean emergence ages of all the teeth of the deciduous dentition for the various CLP-groups, divided in cleft and non-cleft side, and the control group.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1997

Late developing supernumerary teeth in the mandible.

This paper presents two cases in which supplemental premolars were an incidental finding. Although anomalies of tooth number and form are quite common, both cases demonstrate late forming supernumeraries with one case illustrating their development in a more unusual site. It is not routine practice to screen for late development of teeth during orthodontic treatment. Therefore the possibility of their interference with occlusal development or orthodontic mechanics such as space closure, should always be kept in mind.

Bicuspid↗
PubMed1989

Emergence of the deciduous incisors in CLP children.

A longitudinal study of the time of emergence of the deciduous incisors was performed in Dutch cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) children (n = 52). A group of normal children (n = 62) served as control. Emergence dates were registered by the parents and checked regularly by one of the investigators. Mean emergence times of the deciduous upper incisors--including both the cleft-sided lateral in the distal segment and in the premaxilla--and lower incisors were studied. The lateral incisor on the cleft side situated in the distal segment was delayed 8 months in children with a cleft lip and alveolus and 13 months in cleft lip and palate children. The delay for the lateral incisor situated in the premaxilla increased by nearly 4 months in these children. The upper lateral incisors on the non-cleft side and in cleft palate children were not delayed as compared with normal children. The central lower incisors emerged one month earlier than normal when there was a palatal cleft. Presurgical orthopaedics used in these groups could have caused this acceleration. The central upper and lateral lower incisors showed no significant differences in mean emergence ages as compared with the control group, nor between the various cleft types. Sex differences were not found in any of the groups.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Improved primary surgical and dental treatment of clefts.

The improved combination of surgical and dental teamwork in the primary treatment of clefts presented here is consistent with principles. In fact, this is a staged design for correction of classic clefts of the lip and palate that, based on biological principles, facilitates the continuance of the failed embryonic "migrations" toward a normal end point. Positioning of the alveolar segments, dissection of mucoperiosteum out of the cleft, and union of mucoperiosteum across the alveolar and anterior hard palate cleft make it possible to create a periosteal tunnel across the bony gap and set up a condition conducive to bone formation and eventual tooth eruption in the cleft area. Lip closure by adhesion reduces the tension of the primary lip closure and allows gentle molding until solidification of the arch occurs. Thus a complete cleft has been rendered an incomplete cleft. With a balanced, stabilized maxillary platform, the definitive lip and nose corrections can be carried to completion early (by 2 to 4 years of age). These planned actions bypass a persistent cleft, fistulas, raw areas, malposition of alveolar segments, and probably the necessity for later bone grafting. The only question not totally answered is the effect of this approach on final growth. Although most reports seem to indicate that growth has and will proceed within normal limits, another 10 years of careful follow-up is indicated and, in fact, is in progress.

Child↗
PubMed2002

PCR detection of Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus in dental plaque samples from Japanese pre-school children.

Streptococcus mutans and S. sobrinus are associated with the development of dental caries. These bacteria were detected by PCR and then their presence was compared with the incidence of dental caries in 77 Japanese pre-school children. Plaque samples were collected from all erupted tooth sites in the subjects, aged 3-5 years old and each with primary dentition, with a sterile toothbrush. A dental examination was performed for dmft (decayed, missing, filled, total) with the WHO caries diagnostic criteria. In all subjects, the prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was 72.8% and 61.1%, respectively; 19 (24.7%) were positive for S. mutans alone, 10 (13.0%) were positive for S. sobrinus alone, 37 (48.1%) were positive for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus, and 11 (14.3%) were negative for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus. The dmft scores of children positive for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus were significantly higher than those positive for S. mutans alone. These results indicate that children harbouring both S. mutans and S. sobrinus have a significantly higher incidence of dental caries than those with S. mutans alone.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2005

Longitudinal study of dental caries incidence associated with Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in pre-school children.

Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus are known to be associated with the development of dental caries. In this study these bacteria were detected in pre-school children (each with primary dentition, age range 3-5 years, n = 60) using a PCR method, and then their presence was compared with the incidence of dental caries over a 1-year period. Plaque samples were collected from all erupted tooth sites using a sterile toothbrush. Dental examinations at the beginning of the study (baseline) and after 1 year were also performed to determine decayed, missing, filled teeth (dmft) scores using WHO caries diagnostic criteria. The prevalences of S. mutans and S. sobrinus across all the subjects were 61.7% and 56.6%, respectively; 13 subjects (21.7%) were positive for S. mutans alone, 10 (16.6%) were positive for S. sobrinus alone and 24 (40.0%) were positive for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus, whereas 13 (21.7%) were negative for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus. dmft scores of subjects positive for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus at baseline and after 1 year were significantly higher than of those positive for S. mutans alone at the same stages (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). The caries incremental increase was also significantly greater in those with both bacteria detected (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that pre-school children harbouring both S. mutans and S. sobrinus have a significantly higher incidence of dental caries than those with S. mutans alone.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

TRAF6 deficiency results in osteopetrosis and defective interleukin-1, CD40, and LPS signaling.

Bone resorption and remodeling is an intricately controlled, physiological process that requires the function of osteoclasts. The processes governing both the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts involve signals induced by osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL), a member of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, and its cognate receptor RANK. The molecular mechanisms of the intracellular signal transduction remain to be elucidated. Here we report that mice deficient in TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) are osteopetrotic with defects in bone remodeling and tooth eruption due to impaired osteoclast function. Using in vitro assays, we demonstrate that TRAF6 is crucial not only in IL-1 and CD40 signaling but also, surprisingly, in LPS signaling. Furthermore, like TRAF2 and TRAF3, TRAF6 is essential for perinatal and postnatal survival. These findings establish unexpectedly diverse and critical roles for TRAF6 in perinatal and postnatal survival, bone metabolism, LPS, and cytokine signaling.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

PCR detection of Capnocytophaga species in dental plaque samples from children aged 2 to 12 years.

The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of Capnocytophaga sputigena, C. ochracea, and C. gingivalis in plaque samples from the toothbrushes of 122 children, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The subjects were 25, 85, and 12 children with healthy gingiva, gingivitis, and periodontitis, respectively, ranging in age from 2-12 years old. Plaque samples were collected from all erupted tooth sites using a sterile toothbrush. The mean amount of DNA recovered from the samples was approximately 19.3 microg, which was deemed sufficient for performing a PCR-based survey. C. sputigena prevalence in healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis subjects was 48.0%, 36.5% and 25.0%, respectively, that for C. ochracea was 100%, 89.4%, and 50.0%, respectively, and that for C. gingivalis was 96.0%, 84.7%, and 75.0%, respectively. The lowest age of positive subjects was approximately 2 years. Our results showed that C. sputigena was moderately prevalent, whereas C. ochracea and C. gingivalis were commonly detected in the oral cavities of the tested children, suggesting that all of these species become established in the early years.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed2004

Stability of cultured dental follicle cells.

Because the dental follicle is required for tooth eruption, establishment of dental follicle cell (DFC) lines is needed for experimentation to determine how the cells regulate eruption. Thus, it is critical that the follicle cells in culture remain stable and neither become transformed nor differentiate. To determine the stability of rat DFC cultures in terms of exhibiting contact inhibition of growth when confluent (no transformation), DFC at different passages were analysed using flow cytometry. Gene expression of cyclin E was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction as a further method to determine if growth was occurring when the cells were confluent. Alkaline phosphatase and von Kossa staining were also performed as a means of determining stability in terms of differentiation; that is, are the DFC maintaining their phenotype or are they differentiating into osteoblasts and osteocytes? After plating cells of a given passage, they initially underwent a rapid phase of growth with 30-40% of the cells in S, G(2) and M (dividing track) as determined by flow cytometry. The number of such cells declined to only 7-15% at preconfluency. At late confluency, only 2 and 5% of the cells were in the dividing track in passages 6 and 9, respectively, but in passage 12 this had risen to 15%. For a given passage of cells, cyclin E gene expression significantly declined in late confluency as compared to the early growth phase. However, in passage 12, the gene expression of cyclin E at late confluency was higher than the expression at late confluency in passage 6. Thus, the DFC were remarkably stable through passage 9, but by passage 12 it appeared that a small percentage of the cells had become transformed and had lost their contact inhibition growth properties. Alkaline phosphatase and von Kossa staining were negative for all passages, suggesting that the cells remained stable in terms of differentiation and did not differentiate into either osteoblasts or osteocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Enamel defects in primary canines related to traditional treatment of teething problems in Sudan.

In parts of Sudan and some other countries, teething is thought to be the cause of severe health problems in infants, and a traditional treatment involves lancing the alveolar process over the unerupted canines with a heated needle, a procedure known as 'haifat'. Three hundred and ninety-eight children aged 4-8 years were examined for the presence of enamel defects on primary canines, and their parents or guardians were questioned regarding past teething problems and their treatment. Two hundred and fifty-eight (65%) of the children had experienced health problems that had been attributed to teething, and 89 (22%) had been subjected to 'haifat'. 'Haifat' had been practised by all socio-economic groups, but was most prevalent in the lower groups. Enamel defects on the buccal surface of the primary canines were found in 25 (28%) of the children in the 'haifat' group and in 25 (8%) of the other children.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1994

An 8-year study of changes in oral hygiene and periodontal health during adolescence.

This study reports data collected from a cohort of 405 South Wales adolescents examined at the ages of 11-12, 15-16 and 19-20 years. Dental plaque and gingivitis scores decreased markedly between the ages of 11-12 and 15-16 years, and to a lesser extent between 15-16 and 19-20 years. There was a decrease in the mean depth of the gingival sulcus between the ages of 11-12 and 15-16 years, perhaps reflecting a decrease in false pocketing and gingival oedema associated with puberty and tooth eruption. Conversely, there was an increase in the mean depth of the gingival sulcus between the ages of 15-16 and 19-20 years, possibly indicating the initiation of periodontal breakdown and the appearance of true pocketing. Gender was found to be an important determinant of the level of oral hygiene practised, the boys having consistently poorer oral hygiene than did the girls. At the commencement of adolescence this was not reflected in higher gingivitis scores, but by the age of 15-16 years the boys exhibited significantly more gingivitis than did the girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Infraocclusion of primary molars in monozygotic twins: report of two cases.

Genetic factors have been implicated in the aetiology of infraocclusion, but only three published reports describe infraocclusion of primary molars in twins. This case report describes the occurrence of infraocclusion in two pairs of twins. The distribution of affected teeth and the severity of infraocclusion were strikingly similar in each pair. The report provides further evidence of a genetic contribution to the aetiology of the condition, and also highlights the need to examine siblings, and especially twins, of children who present with an infraoccluded primary tooth.

Bicuspid↗