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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1964

ACUTE AND CHRONIC ENTEROTOXIN ENTERITIS.

1. Dogs develop severe gastrointestinal symptoms in response to intraintestinal administration of staphylococcal enterotoxin. These symptoms are salivation, vomiting, and diarrhea. 2. Staphylococcal enterotoxin induces acute enteritis marked by edema, hyperemia, round cell infiltration, mucosal exudation, and destruction of intestinal villi. 3. Prolonged administration of enterotoxin into the lumen of the intestine produced thickening of the entire bowel wall, edema, dilatation of the lymphatics, and exaggeration of submucous lymphoid nodules. The hypertrophy of the lymphoid nodules is visible, in the gross, as enlarged longitudinal mucosal ridges. This abnormality is arranged in skip areas, not dissimilar to those observed in human regional enteritis. 4. Chronic enterotoxin enteritis is associated with mesenteric lymph node hypertrophy. 5. The intestinal mucosa shows minute ulcerations, loss of villi, submucous fibrosis, and evidence of chronic inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1963

STAPHYLOCOCCAL GROWTH AND ENTEROTOXIN PRODUCTION IN MEAT.

Preliminary attempts were made to explain the association of staphylococcal food poisoning with cooked rather than uncooked meats. The abilities of various meats to support the growth of an enterotoxigenic staphylococcus, and the production of enterotoxin A, were determined. The production of enterotoxin was detected by means of serological procedures. Little or no growth was obtained when the inoculum was mixed with raw ground beef. When the surfaces of raw and cooked meats were inoculated, however, good growth was obtained with the production of enterotoxin.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

New concepts on tetanus immunization: naturally acquired immunity.

Comments were made on misinterpretations concerning the natural resistance and natural immunization against tetanus. Arguments were given explaining why the disease itself did not determine adequate immunity. When, however, adequate conditions appear, tetanus toxin is known to stimulate the immune system and produce detectable humoral antibodies. Various possibilities resulting from the postulated harboring of tetanus bacilli by the human body and their eventual toxin production were analyzed and related to the human tetanus pathology. The existence of natural immunization was unquestionably demonstrated by presence of protective levels of tetanus antitoxin in the blood of the majority of 59 surveyed subjects considering that none of them had ever received any tetanus toxoid and most of them never received a single shot of any drug. The results of this survey originated a few arguments that may support the answer to some still intriguing phenomenona such as: 1. The relatively small number of cases of overt disease among people and animals born and living in large tetanus-risk regions all over the world. 2. The existence of "poor responders" and "good responders" to the primary tetanus toxoid stimulus. 3. The age distribution of tetanus showing evident prevalence among newborns and children. 4. The wide individual variations in the clinical picture of human tetanus as indicated by the localization and limitation of the symptoms and their severity.

Adolescent↗