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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Implications for the use of field mode assessment of students in allied health programs.

This paper describes the results of a study which revealed that the majority of students in the allied health disciplines of nursing and medical technology are perceptually field dependent according to Witkin's model of field mode, while the majority of practitioners in these disciplines are field independent. Also described are the results of a second study to determine the validity of the hypothesis that debilitation of student test performance caused by stress produced from complex multiple choice formats accounts for the observed difference in field mode between students and practitioners of allied health. Further possible explanations for such a field mode difference, with implications for the use of field mode assessment of allied health students as an aid in the evaluation of student learning and in employment counseling, are described.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1995

[Academic performance in the 1st year and its relationship with admission variables in medical schools. Comparative study].

Chilean universities employ a common admission scoring system for students, based on high school grades, mathematic and verbal academic aptitude tests, and specific biology and social sciences tests. Aiming to know the predictive values of these tests, the standardized scores obtained in the selection tests and academic performance of 1094 first year medical students, admitted in 1989 and 1990 to six universities, were analyzed. These students obtained high admission scores and their academic performance during the first year was low (mean grades ranged from 4.6 +/- 0.6 to 5.28 +/- 0.5 in different universities for a scale from 1 to 7). In all, except one university there was a correlation between admission scores and academic performance. Multiple regression analysis showed that admission scores explained a 13% of performance and that the parameters with better predictive value were high school grades, biology test and mathematics academic aptitude test. Verbal academic aptitude test did not have a predictive value.

Achievement↗
PubMed1994

[Early pregnancy risk: development and validation of a predictive instrument].

An early pregnancy risk scale, with scores ranging from 11 to 66 points from lower to higher risk, was constructed using variables associated with teenager's pregnancy. This scale was applied to 3000 female teenagers, coming from Metropolitan Santiago public schools. The sample was divided in three risk groups: group A (high risk) with scores equal or over 35 points, group B (low risk) with scores equal or below 20 points and group B (intermediate risk) with scores between 20.1 and 34.9 points. These girls were followed during 2 years. During this period, 84 girls became pregnant, 24 of 184 (13%) in group A, 60 of 2332 (2.6%) in group C and none of 307 in group B. There were 104 school desertions in group A and 37 in group B. To study associations and analyze risk, the sample was divided in two risk groups: high, with scores over 27 and low, with scores below 27. There was a high association between pregnancy risk score and the occurrence of pregnancy (RR 5.25 p < 0.0001) and school desertion (RR 3.32 p < 0.0001). Pregnancy was predicted with a 78% sensitivity and 55.6% specificity. School desertion was predicted with a 74% sensitivity and 56% specificity. The importance variable weighing using multiple regression models, to improve the predictor's sensitivity and specificity, is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Faculty mentors for minority undergraduate students.

The author discusses the Faculty Mentoring Program, its' effects on minority student academic progression, retention and graduation rates at a large regional university campus in the west. Results of a comprehensive program evaluation are discussed.

Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
PubMed1994

The family and substance abuse in the United Republic of Tanzania.

The family in the United Republic of Tanzania has traditionally been a paramount institution invested with important functions of socialization. It provided spiritual guidance, emotional and social support systems, security and education, and defined the moral and ethical system in which the community was intricately bound together. The institution is weakening under the impact of modernization at a pace that far exceeds the pace at which newer institutions are emerging to assume those responsibilities. Drug abuse is becoming an unwelcome guest under those circumstances. It is proposed that active measures should be taken at the community and national policy level to strengthen and employ the family for the purpose of promoting a drug-free lifestyle.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Gender differences in attrition from orthopaedic surgery residency.

We conducted a national survey of orthopaedic surgery residency program directors regarding resident attrition. Female residents had a statistically higher attrition rate than male residents (p < 0.001). The female early withdrawal residents left voluntarily and for personal reasons more often than their male counterparts. These tendencies, however, were not statistically significant. We feel that more in-depth counseling of female medical students and increased mentoring for women in orthopaedic residency could help prevent this attrition.

Career Choice↗
PubMed1993

Spanning the gender gap: gender differences in delinquency among inner-city adolescents.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the relationship between gender and delinquency among inner-city adolescents participating in a court diversion program. Official and self-report records of 64 adolescents were analyzed to determine the influence of gender on program referrals, arrest rates, drug use, delinquency, and gang involvement. Gender differences emerged in both the referral source and behavioral patterns of the adolescents. Overall, males were more likely to be referred to the program for violations of the law, to have been arrested, and to have engaged in aggressive offenses and selling drugs. Females were more likely to be referred because of status offenses. Gang membership had an intensifying effect on the delinquent behaviors of all youths. Male gang members were far more likely than nonmembers to have been arrested, and female gang members were more likely than nonmembers to carry weapons.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Evaluation of a supplementary retention program for black allied health sciences students.

The Medical College of Georgia's (MCG's) Minority Academic Advising Program (MAAP), which began in 1984, is a supplementary retention program for Black students. This paper describes an evaluation study of the effectiveness of MAAP within the MCG School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS). The study sample consisted of 89 Black students who enrolled in the SAHS from fall 1978 to fall 1982 (preMAAP period) plus 129 Black students who entered the SAHS from fall 1984 through fall 1988 (MAAP period). The comparison group consisted of all other students who entered the SAHS (n = 1,884) within those same time periods. Using an evaluation design produced by merging a quasi-experimental and a time-series design, the authors found that the MAAP succeeded in increasing both the Black student retention-to-graduation rate and the time-persisted-in-program, to the extent that Black students achieved parity with other SAHS students.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Educational outcomes in teenage pregnancy and parenting programs: results from a demonstration.

A comparison of five in-school educational and service approaches offered at seven sites in Arizona to 789 pregnant and parenting teenagers shows that except for those who enroll in a program in their third trimester, pregnant and parenting teenagers who attend a comprehensive, school-based, community-linked program are significantly more likely to continue in school than are those who have no access to a special program. The comprehensive program's impact is greatest among Hispanic students, younger students, those in grades 9-10, those who are living with their partner and those who enter the program in the first trimester. Two of the program components--strong outreach efforts and case management-are believed to have an especially favorable impact on continuation in school.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Prospective assessment of stereoscopic visual status and USAF pilot training attrition.

The role of stereopsis (i.e., the use of binocular cues for depth perception) in military aviation is undetermined. Pilots possessing adequate near stereopsis but having deficient distant stereopsis are thought to have microtropias. Historical reviews of microtropia and research concerning the role of depth perception in military aviation are described. A historical prospective study of student pilots entering U.S. Air Force Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT) from Oct 1990 through Sep 1991 (FY 90-91) compares UPT attrition rates according to their preselection stereoscopic status (microtropia vs. normal). Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses do not show significant differences in attrition rates between the two groups, implying that distant stereopsis is not critical to successful completion of UPT. The U.S. Air Force decided in Oct 91 to eliminate near stereoscopic vision screening while retaining distant stereoacuity testing as a criterion for candidates to qualify medically for UPT. Valid rationale for this decision includes simplified and uniform administration of stereoacuity testing, minimizing spurious results, the continued validity of stereopsis testing as a cross-check of other areas of visual function, the uncertain role of stereopsis in critical areas of flight operations, and the large applicant pool competing for a limited number of pilot training positions.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1977

School-age parents: how permanent a relationship?

One hundred eighty school-age girls who registered for care in a prenatal clinic were studied through two years postpartum. At registration, the mean age of the pregnant girls was 15.6 and the putative fathers was 18.5 years. Many of the fathers continued to see the young mothers, to provide financial support, and to visit their children. By 26 months after delivery, however, only 23% of the mothers had married the putative fathers, 23% still were seeing them regularly, 18% saw them occasionally, and 35% either never saw them or had married someone else. Only 25% of the mothers who expected to marry the putative father did so. The study findings have significant implications for the inclusion of putative fathers in programs for school-age mothers.

Adolescent↗