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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Methylprednisolone and gentamicin effects on hepatosplanchnic blood flow and carbohydrate metabolism in endotoxemic Yucatan miniature pigs.

Conjoint therapy of a glucocorticoid and aminoglycoside antibiotic have been recommended for septic shock. These studies examined the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) with and without gentamicin sulfate in a nonanesthetized model of nonseptic endotoxemia in Yucatan miniature pigs. Methylprednisolone sodium succinate alone had no effect on endotoxin-induced systemic hypotension. Endotoxemic pigs treated with MPSS in combination with gentamicin sulfate had lower mean arterial pressures than did MPSS-treated and nontreated endotoxemic pigs. Methylprednisolone sodium succinate alone and with gentamicin sulfate improved portal and hepatic venous blood flows moderately. Net hepatic lactate extraction, glucose production, and whole body [6-3H]glucose-derived rates of glucose appearance were also improved, but [6-3H]glucose-derived rates of glucose disappearance and blood lactate concentrations were increased, leading to no improvement in plasma glucose concentration. Pancreatic insulin secretion was higher in treated groups, which may have contributed to greater glucose utilization rates. Hepatic oxygen extraction efficiency was not affected by treatment, but increased in all groups to maintain hepatic oxygenation at base-line values. Although a calcium-antagonistic activity of gentamicin has been reported to synergize with endotoxin, thereby adversely affecting cardiovascular function, such effects did not complicate the metabolic response to steroid in the present studies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Epidemiological importance of the animal reservoir of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in the Congo. 1. Prevalence of animal trypanosomiasis in the foci of sleeping sickness].

Parasitological and serological tests were performed in 1287 domestic animals originating from the Brazzaville area and three sleeping sickness foci in Congo. Nannomonas and Trypanozoon were the only sub-genera present in the blood of animals, with prevalences of 16.9% and 0.5%, respectively. The use of Testryp CATT allowed a better estimation of the real frequency of animal trypanosomiasis which in some foci, was found to be three times higher than the parasitological prevalence. Seven stocks of Trypanozoon were isolated from pigs and sheep. A biochemical analysis indicated that they belonged to the T.b. gambiense sub-species. However, considering the low prevalence of T.b. gambiense infections in animals, it is doubtful that this reservoir plays an important epidemiological role.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Incidence of echinococcosis in animals].

Studies were carried out on echinococcosis in animals, making use of the results obtained with investigations carried out throughout this country. A great number of definitive and intermediate hosts were studied. A considerable drop of the percent of infected animals was recorded over the 1966-1984 period both with the definitive and the intermediate hosts. Data is presented on the territorial spread of hydatid echinococcosis. Enumerated are the factors that bear an influence on this process. The demonstration of the high incidence of the disease as well as of the rising number of dogs substantiates the view that the epizootic status is still unfavourable, which is also due to some other factors.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Erythrocyte lipid peroxidation as a diagnostic test in supplying pigs, lambs and chickens with vitamin E].

Experiments with pigs, lambs, sheep, and birds, carried out under various conditions of feeding (with or without supplement or treatment with vitamin E) revealed that the study of the peroxide resistance of erythrocyte lipids could render useful information on the supply of animals with vitamin E. The study of peroxide resistance was shown to be much more accessible than the available chemical methods, and had better reproducibility. This new approach took good consideration of the biologic activity of vitamin E, and was fairly suitable to be employed as a screening diagnostic method. The interpretation of results should take into account the occasional peroxidizing effect produced by heavy metals. With sheep the normal values of erythrocyte lipid peroxidation were 40.3 +/- 1.86; with cattle they were 60.0 +/- 3.2; with pigs--63.7 +/- 3.56; with young birds--64.6 +/- 2.35; and with hen layers--72.8 +/- 4.39.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effect of biotin supplementation of a barley-wheat diet on restoration of healthy feet, legs and skin of biotin deficient sows.

Sixteen sows with induced biotin deficiency were divided into groups of four and fed an egg-white-free barley-wheat based diet without added biotin (control) or supplemented with one of three levels of synthetic d-biotin (100, 200 or 400 micrograms kg-1) for two parities in order to determine the optimal level required to reverse symptoms of the deficiency and to evaluate the relationship among dietary biotin levels, stage of recovery and serum biotin concentrations. Biotin supplementation significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) the incidence of lesions (on the foot pads, above the dew claws and on the skin) and also dry skin, but had no effect (P greater than 0.05) on hoof cracks, hair score or hair density. Time after supplementation had significant effects on reversal of most biotin deficiency symptoms. Interactions between biotin supplementation and time after supplementation suggested that these symptoms were reversed more quickly when higher levels of biotin were fed. Serum biotin concentrations of biotin-supplemented sows were increased with time and exceeded 600 ng litre-1 after 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 months following biotin supplementation of the basal diet with 400, 200 and 100 micrograms kg-1. In contrast, serum biotin concentrations of the control sows remained low and peaked at 411 ng litre-1 after 2.5 months. The data suggested that supplementation of a barley-wheat diet to provide 147 to 217 micrograms available biotin kg-1 might be adequate to restore healthy feet, legs and skin and concurrently maintain high serum biotin concentrations.

Animal Feed↗
PubMed1985

Studies on anthrax in food animals and persons occupationally exposed to the zoonoses in Eastern Nigeria.

A total of 221 blood and 174 carcase swab samples obtained from food animals (cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses) slaughtered at urban and rural slaughter houses in Nsukka area were studied. 51 blood samples and 180 samples of vesicle fluid were also collected from persons occupationally exposed (butchers/skinners, meat retailers, meat inspectors, veterinarians and tanners) to these animals and their products. All the samples were studied culturally and microscopically. Confirmation of infection was by subcutaneous inoculation of guinea pigs and mice with samples of human and animal blood, carcase swabs and vesicle fluid got from suspected cutaneous lesions on the hands of persons studied in this survey. Of the blood samples obtained from food animals, 5 per cent (3/60) of cattle and 3.3 per cent (1/30) of sheep were positive. The rest of the blood samples from other animals were negative. For the carcase swab samples, 5.7 per cent (5/88) from cattle and 3.1 per cent (1/33) from sheep were positive. The rest of the carcase swabs from goats, pigs and horses were negative. Only the blood samples from butchers/skinners, 20 per cent (2/10), meat retailers, 9.1 per cent (1/11) and tanners, 11.1 per cent (1/9) were positive. Malignant pustule was confirmed in 13.3 per cent (6/45) of butchers/skinners, 10 per cent (3/30) of tanners and 6 per cent (3/50) of meat retailers. The results show that food animals and their products constitute a potential danger to those persons whose occupation necessitates handling animal products or contact with animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1985

[Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in animals and its significance for the human].

The frequency of human infections caused by Campylobacter (C.) jejuni is thought to be at present as significant as that of infections with salmonella. The epidemiology of human infections with C. jejuni is not well understood, although numerous species of animals are an important reservoir for this microorganism. In an overview the occurrence of C. jejuni at different domestic animals and pets is described. There is also given a report about possible direct and indirect ways for the infections from animals to man.

Animals↗