Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “STRESS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Stress hormones liberated by fangotherapy. ACTH and beta-endorphin levels under heat stress].

In 6 healthy subjects submitted to fango therapy in the Euganean thermal baths (Italy), the plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin and ACTH increased transitorily but significantly. These results correlate with the release of these peptides by the pituitary in response to thermal stressing. The analgesic and hypothermic action responsible for good toleration of thermal stress induced by fango therapy, can be explained by this increase in plasma beta-endorphin. The repeated brief increases in plasma beta-endorphin during thermal treatment result in progressive improvement in articular and muscular symptomatology. The results of our study on plasma levels of ACTH confirm that the thermal stress associated with fango therapy activates the pituitary gland. Immunomodulatory effects are discussed.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1990

Heat stress in dairy cattle under southern African conditions. II. Identification of areas of potential heat stress during summer by means of observed true and predicted temperature-humidity index values.

November-March are the hottest months of the year with the highest monthly mean "temperature-humidity index" (THI) in South Africa and Namibia. These 5 months are associated with severe heat stress in dairy cattle, are of critical importance for their performance and may have great economic implications for the owner as well as for the dairy industry. Firstly, compared with the existing Livestock Weather Safety index (LWSI), more relevant meteorological data can be generated when mapping South Africa and Namibia according to the LWSI modified for lactating dairy cattle (LDC). Secondly, compared with the observed true THI values alone, more relevant data on heat stress and its deleterious effects on dairy cattle performance, become available when mapping South Africa and Namibia according to the combined observed true and predicted THI values. Minimum precautions against heat stress in dairy cattle are recommended depending on THI values as classified by the LWSI for LDC.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Prevention of stress-induced disorders of myocardial Na, K-ATPase activity using adaptation to short-term stress].

It was shown that adaptation to short-term emotional-painful stresses prevented both the decline in the activity and the increase in thermal denaturation rate of Na,K-ATPase in sarcolemmal vesicles isolated from the rat myocardium exposed to prolonged stress. The role of Na-pump damage in the disturbance of the electrical stability of the heart and the development of stress-induced arrhythmia is discussed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Activity of the key glycolysis enzymes of the heart during emotional stress and myocardial necrosis induced after exposure to stress].

Activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase were studied in rat heart after emotional-painful stress and development of myocardium necrosis. The stress caused an activation of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase within 2 and 7 days, activity of pyruvate kinase was not altered. In myocardium necrosis developed after emotional-painful stress activity of phosphofructokinase was decreased within 2 days as compared with the animals, myocardial necrosis of which was produces using the routine procedures.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Effects of bolus injection of epinephrine and norepinephrine on systolic time intervals in stress-resistant and stress-susceptible pigs.

Systolic time intervals were measured in 15 stress-susceptible (SS) pigs to derive regression equations to determine to what extent their ventricular functions differed from those of stress-resistant (SR) pigs. Regression analysis revealed that the RR interval was the variable that was significantly (P less than 0.01) related to electromechanical systole and left ventricular ejection time. The preejection period (PEP) was independent of the RR interval. A normal increase of all systolic time intervals with age, independent of the RR interval, was also observed in SR and SS pigs. The 55-kg SS pigs had a higher noradrenergic tone than did 15-kg and 90-kg SS pigs, because their mean arterial blood pressure was higher and because their index values for electromechanical systole and their PEP were shorter than those of SR pigs of the same body weights. The cardiovascular responses to biogenic amines were also different according to the degree of development and stress susceptibility. Changes in mean arterial pressure and PEP were not as pronounced after injections of epinephrine and norepinephrine (10(-8) mol/kg of body weight) were given. Subsequently, a decrease in cardiovascular responses to epinephrine and norepinephrine injections in 90-kg SS pigs were recorded. These results indicate that 55-kg SS pigs have a higher level of circulating catecholamines and that the myocardium becomes less sensitive to epinephrine and norepinephrine after it is chronically exposed to these amines.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Prevention of stress-induced disorders of myocardial contractile function by using sparing adaptation to short-term stress effects].

Adaptation to repeated short-term stress is known to prevent to a considerable extent the depression of the myocardial contractile function which usually develops under long-term stress. But the adaptation itself has a "cost", i. e. it results in limited but significant disturbances of myocardial contractile function. The present review documents the method of adaptation involving few actions with prolonged intervals between them. It has been established that such an adaptation per se does not induce any disturbances of contractile function. At the same time it prevents completely the depression of contractile function caused by stress.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1977

[The psychiatrist and stress, or the psychiatrist's stress...].

Today's popular image of the psychiatrist is often that of a specialist capable of analysing, with a sort of bewildering power, all of his patients's reactions and psychological problems. The patient's capacity to unfold appears to increase almost as a result of the psychiatrist's control over his own emotions. The author, who is here referring to Epinal's image of the infallible psychiatrist, believes that the psychiatrist, in moments of privacy can observe the effects of his own emotional stress and how they often relate to his unresolved neurotic problems. It is in his practice, nevertheless, that the psychiatrist can privilege and give meaning to his own emotional stress in order to gain deeper insight in his mode of relating to his patient. Such additional awarness should then permit a more careful and satisfying analysis of what is experienced in a two person or group relationship. The acknowledgment of physical state resulting from emotional stress precedes an insight which always corresponds to a signifier leading to a signified which is then to be decoded.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

[Problems of the genetics of stress. III. The differential effect of stress on the fertility of mice of differing genotypes].

Pre- and post-implantation embryonic mortality and the litter size in intact females and in females stressed during pregnancy were studied. These mice were the progeny of full diallele cross of 4 inbred strains (BALB/c, C3H/He, C57BL/6 and AKR/J). No genetic effects of pre-implantation losses were observed in the control group, but in the stressed group significant genetic effects (both additive and non-additive) on this character were found. Females originating from the most emotionally reactive strain (BALB/c) had a greater value of pre-implantation losses than the other animals, while the progeny of the least emotionally reactive strain (C57BL/6) had a smaller one. The litter size in the latter females was larger than in the former, in spite of the fact that the number of ovulation in RALB/c progeny was higher than that in C57BL/6 progeny. Thus, differential effect of stress on fitness was demonstrated in these experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Behavioral approach to stress and anxiety and the management of stress].

Prior to a study of stress and anxiety, an operational definition of these concepts appears to be essential. The correlative analysis of the three system responses (verbal-cognitive, motor and physiological) as proposed by Peter Lang seems to be promising. To day, a relative independence among these responses has been established. Moreover, the quality of the responses seems to depend on typological differences and on cognitive mechanisms, i.e. the acquired notion of controllability of the stressful situation. These recent results give further evidence to a more accurate use of psychotropic drugs in the behavior therapy of stress and anxiety reactions.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMed1983

[Prevention of cardiac contractile function disorders during prolonged stress by preliminary adaptation to short-term stress exposure].

Studies of contractile function of an isolated right auricle in Wistar rats have demonstrated that long-term immobilization stress (fixation in the lying position for 6 h) results in the decreased extensibility of the auricle and pronounced depression of the developed tension. Preliminary adaptation of the animals to short-term immobilization stress (daily fixation in the lying position for 1 h over 10 days) per se insignificantly affects the extensibility and contractile function of the auricle but in effect it reduces its adrenoreactivity and completely prevents the post-stressor rigidity of the auricle and its function abnormality after long-term stress.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1982

[Genetic problems of stress. V. The genetics of adrenal cortical reactivity in emotional stress in rats].

Genetic analysis of adrenocortical reactivity (the level of plasma corticosterone and secretion of the adrenal gland in vitro) was carried out under conditions of emotional stress in three inbred strains of rats (Wistar, August, Sprague-Dawley) and in their F1 reciprocal hybrids. The basal adrenocortical function was similar in genotypes studied. However, significant genotype-dependent variability was demonstrated under conditions of stress stimulation. The variability of adrenal secretion in vitro was mediated by genes displaying an additive action, while variability in the level of plasma corticosterone included components both of general combining ability and of specific combining ability. Also, the role of a reciprocal effect was noted. The peculiarities of genetic determination of adrenocortical reactivity to emotional stress are discussed.

11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1982

Effects of acute ethanol on plasma and brain catecholamine levels in stressed and unstressed rats: evidence for an ethanol-stress interaction.

Plasma and brain catecholamines were measured during immobilization in rats which had or had not received ethanol (0.5 g/kg i.p.). Plasma levels in unstressed animals were unaffected by ethanol. Immobilization markedly increased circulating norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations. Ethanol administered 15 min before immobilization significantly reduced the stress-induced increases in both plasma catecholamines, although individual differences in response were noted. In the brain, immobilization affected catecholamine levels in several regions, including reduced norepinephrine levels in the telencephalon and hypothalamus. Interestingly, norepinephrine levels in the telencephalon and hypothalamus were reduced to a similar degree by ethanol alone. However, ethanol administration before immobilization tended to reverse some of the stress-induced changes in brain catecholamine levels. Our data indicate that the effects of ethanol vary among rats and with the state of the subject. In general, ethanol does reduce the stress response in rats. They support the tension reduction hypothesis in man, where reduction in distress has been implicated in the etiology of alcoholism.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Stress-induced sensitization and glucocorticoids. II. Sensitization of the increase in extracellular dopamine induced by cocaine depends on stress-induced corticosterone secretion.

Secretion of glucocorticoids seems to control stress-induced sensitization of the behavioral effects of drugs of abuse by acting on the mesencephalic dopaminergic transmission, the principal neural substrate of sensitization. In order to investigate the mechanisms of this interaction between glucocorticoids and dopamine, we studied the sensitization of the increase in extracellular concentration of dopamine induced by cocaine in male rats in which corticosterone secretion was either intact or blocked. Extracellular concentrations of dopamine were evaluated in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving animals by means of microdialysis. Metyrapone, an inhibitor of corticosterone synthesis, was used to block stress-induced corticosterone secretion. Food-restriction (90% of the initial body weight) was the stressor used to induce sensitization. It was found that metyrapone (100 mg/kg s.c. twice a day for 8 d) suppressed stress-induced sensitization of the increase in accumbens dopamine induced by cocaine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) and sensitization of cocaine-induced locomotion Metyrapone suppressed both the development and the expression of sensitization. Thus, sensitization was equally blocked when the metyrapone treatment started either 1 d before the start of food-restriction or 8 d later, that is, when food-restriction-induced sensitization to cocaine was already established. In conclusion, our results suggest that glucocorticoids modify sensitization of the behavioral effects of cocaine by acting on extracellular concentrations of dopamine. Since addictive properties of psychostimulants seem mediated by the increase in extracellular concentrations of dopamine they induce, these findings may have implications for the development of new therapeutic strategies of addiction.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Stress and viral infection: dynamics of expression of influenza A viral antigens during immobilization stress].

The level of expression of influenza virus antigens in the target organ is an important characteristic of the severity of a viral process, as was shown on a model of experimental influenza A. Stress exposure augmenting the severity of the infection stimulates the expression of viral polypeptides in the acute period of the disease. Injection of an antioxidant ionol which is effective in influenza may prevent stress-enhanced synthesis of viral proteins. Stress-induced disorder of the mechanisms of formation of immunological memory is paralleled by accumulation of high levels of virus-specific proteins in the lungs after repeated exposure of an animal to a homologous virus. Hence, the level of viral antigens synthesized in the course of reinfection also helps assess the degree of body protection from this agent.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of adaptation to short-term stresses on periodontal tissue resistance to acute stress].

The experiments on 53 albino Wistar rats exposed to acute stress have demonstrated that there is activation of acid proteinases at pH 5.0 and an increase in the levels of sialic acids in parodontal tissue, which is an important mechanism in the development of their destructive changes. Preadaptation to short-term stresses produces a stress-protective effect, promoting the inhibition of proteolysis and the normalization of parodontal levels of sialic acids.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1993

[The generalized accumulation of stress proteins during body adaptation to stress exposures].

It has been found that accumulation of stress proteins during adaptation to immobilization stress occurs not only in the heart, but in the brain (2 isoforms in the cytoplasm and 2 in the nucleus) and in the liver (1 isoform in the cytoplasm and 1 in the nucleus of hepatocytes). Thus, in heat shock the activation of protein synthesis is generalized during the body's adaptation to stress. This may underlie the generalization of the structural adaptational stabilization phenomenon and the formation of an adaptative defense of the whole organism.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1995

The Difficult Patient Stress Scale: a new instrument to measure interpersonal stress in nursing.

This study describes the development of the Difficult Patient Stress Scale, an instrument designed to investigate the stress that nurses experience when they are involved in interpersonal conflict with patients. The DPSS is based on the theoretical conceptualization of stress proposed by DeLongis, Lazarus and Folkman and on the personality theory of Individual Psychology. The DPSS utilises visual analog scales to measure nurses' responses to hypothetical scenarios that present typical, difficult nurse-patient situations. The DPSS has been tested over a period of two years with 228 nurses and the results to date indicate that it is valid, reliable and suitable for use in the clinical environment. It is proposed that it may provide a useful instrument for exploring the impact and frequency of interpersonal stressors in nursing and may assist in the development of educational programs to better equip nurses to deal with interpersonal nurse-patient conflict.

Adult↗