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PubMed1981

Vietnamese refugees in Adelaide: an obstetric analysis.

An analysis is made of the pregnancies of all Vietnamese refugees who presented to the antenatal clinic at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, during the period from June, 1977, to January, 1980. This comprised 78 pregnancies in 76 women. Previous medical history, social status, antenatal and delivery complications and neonatal outcome are assessed, and differences between the study group and the non-Asian public patients, Which are discussed in detail, are demonstrated.

Australia↗

PubMed1988

Parasitic infections of refugees.

The Victorian refugee screening programme, in contrast to similar programmes elsewhere in Australia, includes an examination for faecal parasites. The results of such screening at Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital for the 16-month period December 1, 1984-March 31, 1986 are presented. For most of the population groups that were studied, there was a high prevalence of intestinal parasites, which often warranted treatment. Additionally, marked differences were noted among the nationalities in the range of parasites that was detected. This information is of particular importance for those who are delivering health services to members of these different ethnic communities, especially in other states where screening is less comprehensive.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Entamoeba polecki infection in a Southeast Asian refugee in Japan.

We report the first human case of Entamoeba polecki infection found in Japan. Cysts of E. histolytica-like amoeba were detected in a stool sample from a female Cambodian refugee. The cysts were morphologically investigated after stained by the modified Kohn's method. The amoeba was identified as E. polecki by the findings that the cyst had frequently an inclusion mass, usually one or very rarely two nuclei, frequently a darkly stained nucleus, and some other characteristics. This protozoan parasite is essentially non-pathogenic to humans, but it is morphologically similar to and often confused with E. histolytica, a pathogenic species. Therefore, it is very important in laboratory diagnosis to differentiate the former from the latter.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Refugee and immigrant health care.

Health care providers involved in caring for immigrants and refugees must be aware of overseas and domestic screening protocol recommendations, common disease entities seen in these patient populations as well as those diseases with long latency periods that may appear years to decades after U.S. arrival. This article examines these and other topics.

Delivery of Health Care↗

PubMed1999

[Malacologic-schistosomal study of the refugee camps on the Plain of Ruzizi in the Democratic Republic of the Congo].

Bilharziasis due to Schistosoma mansoni is widespread in the eastern part of the People's Republic of the Congo, particularly in the Ruzizi plain area. The intermediate host is the fresh-water snail Biomphalaria pfeifferi whose ecology is now well documented. Bilharziasis due to Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma intercalatum have not yet been observed but the potential for this development is high given the presence of the intermediate hosts, i.e. Bulinus truncatus, Bulinus globosus, and Bulinus forskalii, and the migration of populations in the area. Malacological and cercariometric studies were undertaken in 3 refugee camps in 1995. Findings showed that Biomphalaria pfeifferi was present in all water systems tested but that levels varied from 21 p. 100 to 70 p. 100 from one camp to another. The rate of infestation by Biomphalaria pfeifferi varied from 37 to 20 p. 100 depending on the sampling site. Given the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni in the population, extension of bilharziasis is likely in the Ruzizi plain area and its surroundings. Potential intermediary hosts for Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma intercalatum were of lower relative prevalence and were found in specific biotopes. The authors propose methods of controlling water snails and preventing infection of people and water systems.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in asylum seekers and refugees in the Bern canton 1993-1997].

As part of a preventive program asylum seekers and refugees are screened for tuberculosis. Necessary treatments have to be administered in the accepting canton. Aim of this cohort study was to assess the way of diagnosis and the outcome of treatment in 64 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis and positive culture in the Canton of Berne between 1993 and 1997. Results existed for 62 of them (96.9%). 34 cases of tuberculosis were discovered by screening and 23 more than 6 months afterwards. 87.1% of all cases were treated for more than 6 months. Among patients with unfavourable outcome four disappeared, three were transferred out. Efficacy of screening for tuberculosis depends also on follow-up during treatment which took place in the Canton of Berne. A strict organisation like the one applied in Berne or directly controlled treatment are necessary to warrant curative treatment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Refugee and immigrant children referred to a department of pediatric psychiatry during the years 1991-1994].

The purpose of this study was to describe a group of 42 refugee- and immigrant children up to 14 years old compared to Danish controls in order to identify groups at risk and describe course, examination, treatment and contact. The investigation was based on case records. The only statistically significant results were higher frequencies of referral than expected regarding children from Lebanon and Somalia. However, the data indicate differences between the foreign and Danish groups as to greater problems of speech and language and less behavioural and emotional problems among the foreigners. No foreign children were offered foster homes. The attitudes of the parents towards referral, examination and treatment are more negative in the foreign group. The need for more research is emphasized.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

[Diseases among refugee and immigrant children].

Foreign adopted children and children of asylum applicants and refugees, newly arrived in Denmark, often have lived under conditions that make the following diagnostic considerations relevant: scabies, lice, impetigo and fungal skin infections, nutritional iron deficiency or bleeding, anaemia caused by hook worms in the gastrointestinal tract, malaria, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, HIV infection and various intestinal parasites. Haemoglobinopathies including sickle cell anaemia and talassaemia should also be kept in mind in anaemia. Immigrant children are admitted to hospital approximately twice as frequently as Danish children but with the same diagnoses apart from some increased frequency of psychological and behavioural disturbances and talassaemia.

Adoption↗

PubMed2001

[A "need not possible to describe by words"--physician refugees 1939-40].

From 1938 onwards, the predicament of Central European Jews was desperate. Norway was one of the most restrictive countries in terms of granting sanctuary to Jewish refugees; in 1939, however, director general of the Norwegian Board of Health Karl Evang (1902-81) proposed that entry permits be issued to a limited number of foreign physicians. This set off a fierce debate in newspaper, journals and medical associations. This article gives an account of that debate. The main arguments against allowing entry were fear of unemployment among Norwegian physicians and the contention that there was no need for foreign physicians in Norway. Anti-Semitic sentiments were hardly expressed. There was, however, almost no realization in Norway of the plight of the Jews, neither among the public at large nor in the medical profession. As it turned out, nine foreign physicians were allowed in, most of them from Czechoslovakia, four of them of professorial rank. Soon after the German occupation of Norway in 1940, Nazi authorities revoked their medical licenses.

Foreign Medical Graduates↗

PubMed2002

Acute hemorrhagic pellagra in an Albanian refugee.

We report a peculiar case of hemorrhagic pellagra in an exhausted Albanian refugee who had walked for 3 days under sunny skies on his way from his country to Greece. The peculiarities of the case are the fulminant course of the disorder; the "terrifying" appearance of the patient (initially he was admitted to an emergency unit); the gangrenous appearance of the hemorrhagic lesions of the palms and fingernails; the disturbed hepatic function that gradually returned to normal; and the absence of a history of alcohol consumption, alcohol malabsorption, or drug intake.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2002

Unrecognized torture affects the health of refugees.

Recognizing the symptoms and signs of torture and documenting their cause may be key to providing effective health care for refugees from countries where torture is known to have occurred. Generalist or primary care physicians are in a unique position to establish a trust relationship with patients, to identify potential signs and symptoms of torture, and encourage patients to talk about their experiences. With knowledge about, understanding of, and sensitivity toward torture survivors, physicians can help these patients regain their health and a sense of well-being.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Migrants, workers and refugees: the political economy of population movements in the Middle East.

The author investigates causes and consequences of migratory movements in the Middle East. "Two factors--integration into the world labor market and the fragility of integration within the separate states--largely explain why conflicts in the Middle East have in recent years produced the greatest refugee flows of any region in the world.... The crisis of the secular nation-state in the Middle East will continue as states become either politically or economically more dependent on outside protection or assistance. The challenge by Islamist movements is also likely to undermine national cohesion by politicizing religious identity."

Demography↗

PubMed1992

[The war and refugees in former Yugoslavia].

The author describes the status of refugees displaced by the war in Yugoslavia. It is concluded that "the flight and displacements of population are not only the consequence of the war but also one of its aims: [to] produce ethnically 'pure' territories." Data mainly concern the period from late 1991 to the present. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND GER)

Culture↗

PubMed1987

Health status, health problems and practices among refugees from the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia.

Recent refugees from Poland, Romania, Iraq, and Vietnam were extensively interviewed to assess their health, health care utilization, and health services use barriers. 277 recent arrivals from these countries and 63 previously arrived Laotians comprised the 1983-1985 sample from the Detroit metropolitan area. Results from a 195-item bilingual questionnaire indicated good overall health and little evidence of serious physical health symptoms. Dental health was the area of greatest reported need. Prenatal care and mental health services were additional areas of need noted by researchers. Barriers to health service utilization were primarily language related. There were major differences in both health problems and health service utilization among the 4 groups surveyed.

Americas↗

PubMed1987

Ethnic community supports and psychological well-being of Vietnamese refugees.

This study examines the psychological well-being of 160 Vietnamese refugees in the US. Path analysis was performed by using version 6 of LISREL to assess the structural relationships between variables included in the analysis. The findings reveal that ethnic community supports, self-esteem, and income have significant direct effects on psychological well-being. In addition, education, length of residence, English speaking ability, and social adjustment have significant indirect effects on psychological well-being

Americas↗

PubMed1992

The future of refugee flows and policies.

"The number of forced migrants...is estimated today to exceed 40 million [worldwide]. The changed international climate of the 1990s...has shifted the focus from the asylum and resettlement countries to the countries of origin: there is today a greater willingness to intervene in other countries' affairs either to avert the creation of new flows of focused migrants or to assist internally displaced populations, and there is the expectation of large-scale voluntary returns of refugees in asylum. This article discusses these and other policy issues concerning forced migration in this new international environment."

Demography↗

PubMed2002

Increase in African immigrants and refugees with tuberculosis--Seattle-King County, Washington, 1998-2001.

The proportion of tuberculosis (TB) cases among foreign-born persons in the United States has increased steadily, accounting for half of reported cases in 2001 for which country-of-origin information was available. During 1998-2001, the annual number of TB cases among African immigrants and refugees in Seattle and all of King County increased approximately threefold to that during 1993-1997. This report summarizes the investigation of cases during 1998-2001 and outlines the public health interventions implemented to prevent TB in this population. The findings indicate that in Seattle-King County, persons at risk for TB who have arrived recently in the United States were primarily from the African-Horn countries of Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia. Primary health-care providers and civil surgeons (i.e., physicians appointed by the Immigration and Naturalization Service to screen for medical conditions as required for changes of immigration status) should be aware of the high TB rate among African immigrants, especially within the first 5 years after immigration, and be alert for severe extrapulmonary forms of TB.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Comparison of a positive deviance inquiry with a case-control study to identify factors associated with nutritional status among Afghan refugee children in Pakistan.

We compared the positive deviance (PD) approach in Save the Children's field guide with a case-control study (CCS) to identify behaviors associated with good nutritional status in Afghan refugee children 6 to 24 months of age in the Northwest Frontier Province (NWFP), Pakistan. The positive deviance inquiry (PDI), utilizing observations and interviews with mothers, fathers, and secondary caregivers in eight households, identified 12 feeding, caring, and health-seeking behaviors that were not widely practiced. The CCS, using the same selection criteria and content as the PDI with 50 mother-child pairs not in the PDI, yielded six significant associations with good nutritional status. Both the PDI and CCS detected feeding behaviors. The PDI alone identified complex phenomena (active feeding and maternal affect). The CCS alone confirmed the beneficial use of health services. The PD approach was an affordable, participatory, and valid method to identify feeding behaviors and other factors associated with good nutrition in this context.

Adult↗