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At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

The incidence of dog bites in New Zealand.

The subject of dog bites has received considerable media attention in recent times. The incidence of fatal dog bites and those resulting in inpatient treatment was determined for New Zealand for the period 1979-88. The incidence of dog bite injuries resulting in treatment at Dunedin Hospital's accident and emergency department was also determined. No fatal events were identified. There has been a steady increase in the number of incidents requiring inpatient treatment from 54 in 1979 to 158 in 1988 resulting in an incidence rate of 4.8 per 100,000 population in 1988. Overall, males, children, and Maori, had higher rates than female, adults, and nonMaori respectively. Although injuries to the face were the most common, those to the lower limb tended to result in longer stays in hospital for treatment. A total of 182 dog bites were treated at Dunedin Hospital's accident and emergency department for the year ending 31 March 1990, giving an overall incidence rate of 175 per 100,000 population. It is estimated that for the entire country 5710 similar events are treated per annum.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

The incidence and expression of the subcondylar tubercle of the mandible in early Polynesians, modern Indians and modern Europeans.

A sample of pre-European Polynesian and Melanesian mandibles, modern Asian Indians and cadaveric European mandibles were investigated to establish the prevalence of a subcondylar tubercle and to attempt to relate its presence to mandibular function. Among the three population samples, the subcondylar tubercle appeared 1.5 times more frequently among the Polynesians/Melanesians, than either the Indian or European groups. It was fairly equally present on both sides in all three groups. Where it was present unilaterally, it was far more likely to be present on the left side. This left-side presence coincided with a significantly greater right-side condylar height and ramal width.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Psychological follow-up of 52 patients in an internal medicine service at the Territorial Hospital Center of Papeete (Tahiti)].

This prospective study of a duration of 7 months was made on 52 patients admitted in a International Medicine Service and watched over psychological aspect. The sample was composed mainly of Polynesians, two third of them being females. On the somatic aspect, the complaint more frequently recorded is a painful condition. Diagnosis of depressive status is made about almost half of the patients. The most obvious point is that Polynesian depressive patients are young and they expressed their profound discomfort not only by a suicidal attitude but also by a symptomatology in which body, body surface are the privileged significants.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Acute severe mitral regurgitation during first attacks of rheumatic fever: clinical spectrum, mechanisms and prognostic factors.

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aim was to describe the clinical spectrum and mechanism of acute severe mitral regurgitation (MR) observed during first episodes of rheumatic fever (RF), and to identify prognostic factors related to the short-term outcome. METHODS: Since 1990, 44 patients (mean age 9.2 +/- 0.1 years; range: 4-17 years) have been admitted to the authors' institution with severe MR related to a first episode of RF, fulfilling revised Jones' criteria. Twenty-three patients admitted between 1995 and 2002 were included prospectively, and 21 admitted before 1994 were studied retrospectively. RESULTS: Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions were 51 +/- 2 mm (46 +/- 3 mm/m2 BSA) and 32 +/- 2 mm (28 +/- 2 mm/m2 BSA), respectively; mean fractional shortening of the left ventricle was 39.0 +/- 1.0% (range: 31-52%); Doppler-derived pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PAPS) was 51 +/- 6 mm (range: 27-90 mm). The mitral valve annulus was enlarged in all patients (mean diameter 31 +/- 2 mm; 27 +/- 4 mm/m2 BSA). MR resulted from prolapse of the anterior mitral valve leaflet (P of AMVL) in 16 patients (36%), and from prolapse of the posterior mitral valve leaflet (P of PMVL) in nine (20%); the other 19 patients (43%) had restrictive motion of the PMVL, with normal motion of the AMVL, resulting in a 'false prolapse' of the AMVL (FP of AMVL). During the six-month interval following the RF episode, mitral valve surgery was required in 11 patients (25%); three patients (7%) died from cardiogenic shock before they could undergo surgery, while the other 30 patients were stabilized under medical treatment. Using univariate analysis, death or mitral valve surgery was associated with PAPS > 50 mm (OR = 1.7, p = 0.04), male gender (OR = 1.88, p = 0.008), clinical signs of congestive heart failure at admission (OR = 2.7, p < 10(-4)), and prolapse of the PMVL (OR = 5.2, p = 0.01). Death occurred, or mitral valve surgery was necessary, in eight patients with P of PMVL (89%), in four with P of AMVL (25%), and in two with FP of AMVL (11%) (p < 0.001). Despite limitations due to co-linearities and small sample size, multivariate analysis identified P of PMVL as the most potent predictor of adverse outcome. The long-term follow up (mean 6.3 years) of patients without P of PMVL, alive and not operated on during the first six-month interval after an RF episode, demonstrated a sharp decrease in the mean severity of MR (from grade 4 to 1.7; range: 1-3). CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous reports of chronic rheumatic MR, acute severe MR due to RF is more frequently related to P of AMVL or P of PMVL, than to FP of AMVL. Patients with P of AMVL or FP of AMVL tend to improve with medical treatment; however, those with P of PMVL carry a poor medical prognosis, and most often require early mitral valve surgery.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Confusion of trimester and viability. Consequences for abortion laws in the United States and abroad.

The present U.S. abortion law, Roe v Wade, is based on the trimester/viability concept. However, both concepts seem to be biologically ill founded and are likely to contribute to confusion regarding abortion laws. A survey of the abortion laws in individual states revealed a lack of uniformity. The time limit for abortion upon request varies from 13 to 28 weeks; nine states have no specific abortion law. This confusion also exists in other countries. Standards are lacking regarding requests for the dates of the last menstrual period, fertilization and implantation. Some states do not allow termination of pregnancy for maternal indications after 24 weeks, and the definition of maternal endangerment has rarely been addressed and remains vague. Only a few states have provisions for fetal malformation. Such terms as trimester and viability are not biologically founded and are likely to contribute to the confusion. The terminology should be clarified so abortion, contraception, birth control and other such terms are uniform.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed2006

One hour too late.

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Anecdotes as Topic↗
PubMed2006

Experiences of Maori families accessing health care for their unwell children: a pilot study.

The aim of this study was to explore with a small number of Maori families their experiences of accessing health care when their children were unwell with a respiratory condition. Although there is a wide variety of literature exploring Maori and their ability to access health care, there is a very limited amount that describes the experience of individual Maori families in accessing health care for their children. A qualitative research methodology was used in the study. Participating families were among those experiencing an admission to a children's ward between July and December 2003. Four families were interviewed. They discussed in depth their experience of accessing health care for their unwell children. Data were analysed using thematic analysis, and three common themes were evident: family resources, choice of health service provider and parents' feelings of vulnerability. The findings highlight that while socio-economic status plays a large part in determining the ease with which families can access the needed health care, there are other barriers within the health system which also pose difficulties for Maori.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1991

Life on Aitutaki.

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Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed1991

The treatment of microfilaremia due to Wuchereria bancrofti var. pacifica: ivermectin versus diethylcarbamazine.

In October 1989, a controlled, double-blind parallel group trial was implemented to compare both efficacy and tolerability of single doses of ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine (DEC). Fifty eight apparently healthy Wuchereria bancrofti carriers were hospitalized and randomly allocated to treatment with ivermectin 100 mcg/kg, DEC 3 or 6 mg/kg. Six months later, half of those initially treated with ivermectin 100 mcg/kg and DEC 3 mg/kg were given a second similar dose while the rest were given a placebo. After initial treatment, clearance of microfilaremia was complete in 22 of the 23 carriers treated with ivermectin and in one only of the 35 treated with DEC. Adjusted geometric mean microfilaremia was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in carriers treated with ivermectin than in those treated with DEC at one, but neither at 3 (p = 0.26) nor at 6 months (p = 0.63). The comparison of adjusted geometric mean microfilaremia per group indicated that (i) regarding either ivermectin 100 mcg/kg or DEC 3 mg/kg, 2 successive doses resulted in higher efficacy than one annual dose and (ii) efficacy of 2 successive doses of ivermectin 100 mcg/kg or DEC 3 mg/kg were not significantly different. During the 3 days following initial treatment, adverse reactions were observed in 80% of the treated carriers of whom 14% suffered a grade 3 reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Nutrition in pregnancy in the Wellington region.

The diets of 115 pregnant women in the Wellington region were assessed for nutrient intake using 24 h dietary recall. Assessment was performed in both the second and third trimester. Women came from three ethnic groups, European (61), Maori (29) and Pacific Islanders (25). Comparisons of nutrient intake were made between these groups. The overall energy intake was similar between the groups (range 4.8-19.7 MJ/d) but Maori (p less than 0.05) and Pacific Islanders (p less than 0.02) had a significant decrease in energy intake from second to third trimester. Pacific Islanders consumed significantly more starch (121 g/d, p less than 0.05) whereas Maori women consumed significantly more sucrose (86 g/d, p = 0.0002). The mean intake in Pacific Islanders contained significantly less calcium (882 mg/d, p = 0.0002) and zinc (9.0 mg/d, p = 0.014). Forty-four percent Europeans, 28% Maori and 51% Pacific Islanders had an estimated iron intake below the minimum safe intake for pregnancy. However dietary iron intake did not relate to the presence of anaemia nor whether iron supplements were given.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The changes in smoking habits in a rural adolescent population, 1975-89.

A survey of tobacco smoking habits in 435 adolescent schoolchildren was undertaken in 1989 in a rural, largely Maori population. The survey questionnaire was identical to that used in a 1975 survey at the same school. Among this group, Maori still smoke more often than nonMaori (36.6% vs 25.2%), and currently this is particularly true for females (46.7% vs 31.3%). Among currently smoking Maori, both in males and females cigarette consumption has significantly risen (median per week: 15 vs 30), despite an overall fall in the proportion of the groups who report smoking within the previous month (57.1% vs 36.6%). As a result, there are now significantly more smokers in the highest consumption group than previously (7.0% vs 12.6%), particularly among Maori females (7.5% vs 16%). Similar but lesser trends have occurred among nonMaori, with the exception that in addition to cigarette consumption, the proportion of females currently smoking has also tended to rise. There remains considerable cause for concern about smoking among this younger age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Characteristics of people admitted for residential alcohol and drug treatment.

Canterbury's seven residential alcohol and drug treatment units are representative of the range of units found in New Zealand. A survey was completed of all the people resident in these units over a two day period, with particular focus on ethnicity, the ratio of men to women, preadmission place of residence, drug use, antisocial phenomena, and psychiatric comorbidity. A 99% response rate was achieved. Only 54% of patients overall were living in Canterbury prior to admission. Three key features found were: the high rate of patients without a primary alcohol and drug diagnosis admitted for psychotherapy to Queen Mary Hospital, the wide range of drugs misused and antisocial phenomena exhibited by the residents admitted to Odyssey House, and the high rate of diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric comorbidity at Mahu clinic.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1990

[Risk factors for arterial hypertension in the natives of Easter Island].

Blood pressure, weight, height and cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated in 73 adults of Easter Island (mean age 49 +/- 12.9 (SD) years) in January 1989 and 1990. Their mean blood pressure (BP) was 129 +/- 24/81 +/- 14, significantly higher by 7/5 mm Hg than in 1979 (p < 0.05). Of the population studied 30% of subjects were hypertensives. Both systolic (S) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) correlated with age (r = 0.40, p < 0.005 and r = 24, p < 0.05 respectively). In males body mass index correlated strongly with SBP and DBP (r = 0.55, p < 0.005 and r = 0.52, p < 0.01). Forty eight % of subjects were obese, 60% smoked (14 cigarettes/day), 38% drank alcohol and 70% lead sedentary lives; their level of stress was considered average. In 23 normotensives or undiagnosed hypertensives 24 hour urine was collected for sodium, potassium, creatinine and kallikrein; mean urinary sodium excretion was 121 +/- 39 mmol/day; potassium excretion 59 +/- 29 mmol/day, creatinine excretion 1383 +/- 489 mg/day and kallikrein excretion 682 +/- 355 mU/day; of these, only urinary sodium was significantly lower than values determined in a group of 29 continental volunteers. Eleven natives that had never left the island had similar BP and risk factors than a sex and age paired sample, who has spent 10.9 +/- 7.8 years in the continent. The present study demonstrates that Easter Island natives have increased their mean BP in 10 years, elevated their BP with age and have lost the protection previously associated to staying in the island.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Management of an isolated thyroid nodule or a heterogeneous nodular goiter, when thyroid scintigraphy is not available (Tahiti)].

Thyroidal nodes (non-cystic) always put forward some difficult decision. As a matter of fact, it would not be reasonable to undergo each time a surgical operation, but it would be catastrophic to abstain wrongly. When scintigraphy and mainly cyto-puncture are feasible, so a coherent decision can be taken. When they are not possible and when only ultrasonography is available, we propose that a decision be taken according to a comprehensive approach although each argument being individually disputable.

Biopsy↗