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PubMed1995

[Ever growing regional differences in population numbers].

"The most urbanized provinces of the Netherlands are North-Holland, South-Holland and Utrecht. In these provinces, the population density (number of inhabitants per square kilometer of land) is five times that of the Northern provinces and Zeeland.... According to the Regional Population Forecasts 1994, up to 2015 all the provinces are expected to have a positive population growth. The population of the youngest province Flevoland will grow most rapidly: by about 50%. The population growth, both in relative and absolute terms, will be small in the Northern provinces and Zeeland (in the South West)." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Demography↗
PubMed2002

Multimedia technologies in education.

In general multimedia is the combination of visual and audio representations. These representations could include elements of texts, graphic arts, sound, animation, and video. However, multimedia is restricted in such systems where information is digitalized and is processed by a computer. Interactive multimedia and hypermedia consist of multimedia applications that the user has more active role. Education is perhaps the most useful destination for multimedia and the place where multimedia has the most effective applications, as it enriches the learning process. Multimedia both in nursing education and in medical informatics education has several applications as well. A multimedia project can be developed even as a "stand alone" application (on CD-ROM), or on World Wide Web pages on Internet. However several technical constraints exist for developing multimedia applications on Internet. For developing multimedia projects we need hardware and software, talent and skill. The software requirements for multimedia development consist of one or more authoring systems and various editing applications for text, images, sounds and video. In this chapter different software tools for creating multimedia applications are presented. In the last part of this chapter, two examples of multimedia educational training programs are discussed. Both are "stand alone" applications (CD-ROMs). The first, examines several aspects of the electronic patient record by using videos, audio descriptions, lectures and glossary, while the second one presents several topics regarding epidemiology and epidemiological research by using graphics, sound and animation.

CD-ROM↗
PubMed1990

The Italian support to prevention of blindness programmes in developing countries.

The authors point out that Italy, as a tradition, has always dedicated special attention to developing countries, due to its geographical position and its cultural background and that in 1971 the Italian Government has created by a law, as part of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Department for Cooperation and Development, the objective of which is to contribute to the enhancement of the living conditions in developing countries. The authors report data on a Trachoma Control Project started in 1973 lasting to 1981, financially supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and technically guided by some of the authors and point out that the major success of this Project is that, since they left the Country in 1981, trachoma control activities are still now carried out by using the same methodologies. Finally, the authors report data on a National Prevention of Blindness Programme, the extension of which will be guided in the near future by the Referral Center for Public Health Ophthalmology of Rome that has just prepared the plan of operation that foresees the reorganization and strengthening of the existing structures and manpower at the head quarter, tertiary, secondary and primary levels.

Blindness↗
PubMed1986

Are larger dental practices more efficient? An analysis of dental services production.

Whether cost-efficiency in dental services production increases with firm size is investigated through application of an activity analysis production function methodology to data from a national survey of dental practices. Under this approach, service delivery in a dental practice is modeled as a linear programming problem that acknowledges distinct input-output relationships for each service. These service-specific relationships are then combined to yield projections of overall dental practice productivity, subject to technical and organizational constraints. The activity analysis reported here represents arguably the most detailed evaluation yet of the relationship between dental practice size and cost-efficiency, controlling for such confounding factors as fee and service-mix differences across firms. We conclude that cost-efficiency does increase with practice size, over the range from solo to four-dentist practices. Largely because of data limitations, we were unable to test satisfactorily for scale economies in practices with five or more dentists. Within their limits, our findings are generally consistent with results from the neoclassical production function literature. From the standpoint of consumer welfare, the critical question raised (but not resolved) here is whether these apparent production efficiencies of group practice are ultimately translated by the market into lower fees, shorter queues, or other nonprice benefits.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The international role of a U.S. medical school in developing health services.

This paper discusses the educational approach taken by the Department of Community Medicine of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in providing technical assistance in foreign countries. Using a specific project in the Dominican Republic as an example, the paper describes the role and different functions assumed by the department in planning and developing a health care system in the eastern region of that country.

Dominican Republic↗
PubMed1983

Reflections on some relations between psychoanalytic concepts and psychoanalytic practice.

This paper adopts the standpoint that psychoanalytic theory has been in a state of continuous organic development from the beginning, with states of theoretical strain being generated with each new advance in theory. The meaning of concepts becomes stretched, and psychoanalysts develop implicit theories, concepts and definitions that differ from the 'official' or 'public' formulations. While flexible concepts play an important part in psychoanalytic theory, it should be accepted that each may have a number of dimensions of meaning, and that these dimensions may differ from one psychoanalyst to another. Research should be directed towards making explicit the implicit concepts of practising psychoanalysts, and it is suggested that this process will result in the accelerated development of psychoanalytic theory. The essentials of that theory must be those aspects which relate to the work the psychoanalyst has to do, and therefore its main emphasis needs to be clinical. In the second part of the paper, the expansion of the concept of transference with the introduction of defence analysis is discussed, with particular reference to the class of object-related defences, which involve some combination of identification and projection. It is argued that major changes in technical emphasis brought about the extension of the transference concept, which now has dimensions of meaning which differ from the official definition of the term. Finally, three areas among many in which there is a significant distance between theory and practice are discussed. The public and official theories relating to drives, conflict, and internal object-relationships and transference are discussed, and suggestions made in regard to possible developments which might lessen the gap between the public theories and the implicit private clinical formulations of the practising psychoanalyst.

Conflict, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

[Wheelchairs-Forsaken by research and development?].

Research and development in the area of wheelchair design has almost come to a standstill in the post-WW II period. The project outlined in this paper has considered technical-functional aspects, handling characteristics, recent ergonomic findings, as well as semantic functions, and translated these into exemplary solutions. The concept of an indoor wheelchair with a limited range of outdoor uses is determined by the unit construction principle (seating and frame). The chair has a firm upholstered seat with the backrest being adjustable to individual needs by means of a gas compression spring (working/resting positions). The seat folds and can be detached from the frame. The frame, too, is collapsible by means of a folding mechanism. Armrests are adjustable in height to individual needs. A special alternative has been developed for elderly persons where specific requirements and needs had to be accommodated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Using a portable wireless computer lab to provide outreach training to public health workers.

Librarians at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center in Shreveport developed an outreach program for public health workers in north Louisiana. This program provided hands-on training on how to find health information resources on the Web. Several challenges arose during this project. Public health units in the region lacked suitable teaching labs and faced limited travel budgets and tight staffing requirements, which made it impractical for public health workers to travel. One solution to these problems is a portable wireless computer lab that can be set up at each site. The outreach program utilized this approach to present on-site training to public health workers in the region. The paper discusses operational and technical issues encountered in implementing this public health outreach project.

Community-Institutional Relations↗