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Each year, the number of people in this country waiting for life-saving transplantation grows, spurred on by increased survival rates. This article discusses the multiple factors influencing transplantation and the selection of recipients, including political, legal, and economic aspects.
Between 1976 and 1983 a brutal military dictatorship governed Argentina. The most basic human rights were severely violated and the method of forced disappearances of approximately 30,000 political dissidents was instituted. In this process, about 300 babies and children of the disappeared victims were also abducted by the military and given to childless families linked to the security forces. Women whose children and grandchildren had disappeared organized themselves as Grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo to search for their missing loved ones. This search was aided by human geneticists from different parts of the world who provided the scientific basis to establish the genetic identification through "grandpaternity testing," and by mental health professionals who provided the psychological theory supporting restitution of appropriated children to their legitimate families. Thus far, close to 50 children have been located, identified and restituted.
OBJECTIVES: While recognized that global actors influence health information system design, studies of health informatics have largely focused on micro politics of technology design and implementation. Here a problematic patient care information system (PCIS) is discussed in relation to federal and provincial policies and corporate strategies to demonstrate that our understanding of health informatics can be enhanced by linking micro studies of health informatics to larger macro contexts. METHODS: Interviews and document study. RESULTS: Although the extent to which federal initiatives influenced (or failed to influence) provincial and hospital initiatives remains debateable, events initiated at one level (the hospital's decision to implement software, initiated at the organizational level) are influenced (perhaps indirectly) by developments in other contexts (federal/macro changes gave an initiative more weight; provincial initiatives such as the Labour Accord altered the industrial relations environment in which system development occurred). CONCLUSIONS: Micro-studies of work practice, invaluable in addressing interactions between technologies, users and work practices, often fail to account for the historic reach of global actors, although it is often these historic circumstances that contribute to present-day interactions between user, information system and organization, and that find expression - often indirectly - in daily work practices.
The creation of good science policy requires an understanding of the scientific technologic processes as well as an appreciation of the "politicization process" and contemporary politics. This article encompasses a review of nuclear transfer and stem cell technologies and advances against a backdrop of the politicization of science. The combination of these forces has rendered it almost impossible to develop true consensus on what any national policy regarding nuclear transfer should look like. Careful consideration of the multidimensional nature of these technologies and the myriad of social, economic, and cultural factors they will impact demands, however, that, at the very least, a national dialogue be instituted in an effort to frame good policy pertaining to nuclear transfer and stem cell research.
Before the First World War Lvov was under the Austrian occupation and this is why there is only a scarce evidence of patriotic commitment of the Polish physicians. Political activities were demonstrated through occasional speeches given at the national ceremonies or during their inauguration of an academic year. One of such ceremonies was the centenary of F. Chopin's birth when a patriotic oration, kept till the present day in the family collection, was made by a representative of the University, Forensic Medicine Professor, Włodzimierz Sieradzki. During the First World War, the battle of Lvov and the war with Bolsheviks, many young physicians or doctors' sons took part in the warfare, displayed bravery and were honored with medals, and many of them were killed. Within the period between the world wars the atmosphere of patriotism was still enthusiastic. Subsequent years are hard to judge as the only material to be used to that end was mainly memoirs issued only in the People's Republic of Poland and these were to a large extent abridge by censorship. This also applies to the period of the Soviet occupation after the outbreak of the Second World War. The memoirs that depicted an open animosity towards the representatives of the Soviet authorities remained as typescripts and only today they are published, for instance the Memoirs of Neurosurgery Professor, Aleksander Domaszewicz.
Fearing political backlash, the American Hospital Association is taking the offensive, crafting an image that shows hospitals are providing essential services despite the hefty price tag. In an attempt to rebrand itself, the AHA is touting a study on healthcare return on investment, has created an election card detailing "Seven Steps to a Healthier America" and debuted a new logo.
What motivates doctors to get into politics? Some say it's a broader sense of accomplishment--helping not only patients, but society as a whole. Learn how some doctor/politicians got into the game, and what they're learning as they play it.
The paper presents an analysis of the policy advocacy strategies used by both proponents and opponents of needle exchange programs in the US, drawing on the analytic framework developed by Stone. Based on a case study of the politics of needle exchange in Massachusetts, we argue that proponents of needle exchange have relied almost exclusively on empirical scientific arguments to build their case, while opponents have generally resorted to normative ethical arguments. Since the frames of argument are unrelated, the two sides talk past one another, bypassing progress towards resolution or consensus. By failing to address the ethical concerns raised by opponents, public health advocates of needle exchange are losing the larger public debate. The paper concludes with specific recommendations for how public health advocates should respond to the normative dimensions of this public policy issue.
This article gives a U.K.-based perspective on the involvement of forensic psychiatry organizations in questions of political controversy. Medical professional bodies are fundamentally concerned to uphold good standards of clinical practice and patient welfare, and to uphold professional medical ethics. In our specialty, when acting as individual expert witnesses, we seek to serve the courts with objectivity and respect for the law. However, as members of our professional bodies we have a legitimate medical concern about how the law affects the mentally disordered as a class. We should articulate a collective view about what treating the mentally disordered justly and appropriately in the legal system means and should challenge the law when it fails to achieve this.
As volunteers with a sophisticated understanding of hospitals, trustees provide a unique, vital link between the legislature, the hospital and the community. That's why grassroots political advocacy should be at the top of your board's "to do" list.
In an era of fiercely polarized political factions, huge budget deficits, and waning interest in the AIDS epidemic domestically, AIDS advocacy groups are struggling with finding new ways to get attention and increased funding.
Gender and politics influence ethics of caring; any such ethical system must therefore be explored in this context. An ethics of caring is a necessary foundation for an ethics of nursing, but its actualization faces conceptual barriers.
Though it is possible to discuss the ethics of research with human embryonic stem (ES) cells without any reference to politics, doing so would shed little light on the nature or intensity of the public debate, especially in the USA. Ethical arguments and scientific claims have been appropriated and offered with what appears often to be little regard for their soundness or relevance. In this paper I will discuss: (1) briefly, the history of research ethics and policy regarding human embryos in the US and the UK; (2) the decisions made by the current President of the USA regarding ES cell research, including a critical examination of the ethical arguments offered; (3) the evolution of the debate in which nuclear transplantation in stem cell research has been conflated with cloning to attempt to create a human infant; (4) the stalemate within the US Congress over legislation on cloning; (5) possible developments suggesting that the current US policy on ES cell research may become unstable; and (6) the broader context of the ethical debate and what is at stake for the major protagonists.
The setting up of the National Rural Health Mission is yet another political move by the present government of India to make yet another promise to the long suffering rural population to improve their health status. As has happened so often in the past, it is based on questionable premises. It adopts a simplistic approach to a highly complex problem. The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare and its advisors, either because of ignorance or otherwise, have doggedly refused to learn from the many experiences of the past, both in terms of the efforts to earlier somewhat sincere efforts to develop endogenous mechanisms to offer access to health services as well as from the devastative impact on the painstakingly built rural health services of the imposition of prefabricated, ill-conceived, ill-formulated, techno-centric vertical programmes on the people of India. The also ignore some of the basic postulates of public health practice in a country like India. That did not substantiate the bases of some of their substantive contentions with scientific data obtained from health systems research reveals that they are not serious about their promise to rural population. This is yet another instance of what Romesh Thaper had called 'Baba Log playing government government'.
One of the biggest challenges that Mexico faces is to fight against the poverty. The transition of a characteristic welfare model from the government in a closed economy, to an open economy where the functions of the State are limited, has modified the modalities of the social politics against poverty. Six indispensable conditions are identified for poverty's reduction: 1. Economic development with stability in order to generate more and better jobs for poor people. 2. To improve regional economies. 3. To improve home conditions of poor people. 4. To elevate education levels (to encourage an authentic heath education). 5. To diminish catastrophic expenses for health problems. 6. Technical training for all workers. The impact of poverty over health can provide valuable elements to establish effective preventive strategies on health workers.
The investigation of political motivated crimes and terrorist attacks requires also methods which include aspects of public relations. We present a simulation method which is useful for investigation of crimes and furthermore for giving evidence in court and also information to the public.
The Lausanne Faculty of Medicine was originally founded for political rather than medical reasons: Vaud's accession to cantonal sovereignty made possible the call, in 1804, for a medical school, and the canton's federalist convictions brought it into being in 1890. --In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, Lausanne had to assert its own position between the patrician power of Bern, meanwhile elevated to federal capital, and industrious Geneva. Discussions centred on the siting of new railway lines and of facilities for higher education. It was thereupon decided that Vaud's cantonal capital should become a major intersection for rail traffic and a university city. Then, a medical faculty was created in Geneva (1876) and federal medical examination was instituted (1877). These two developments had a catalytic effect: after introductory courses had begun in 1881, a complete medical faculty was established in Lausanne in 1890, enabling the former Academy inherited from the days of Bernese administration to be transformed into a fullscale university (1890).
Institutionalized discrimination has progressively eroded the formerly cohesive black family structure in South Africa, resulting in an increased need for alternative care for black children, as shown most prominently in South Africa's most populous black urban area. Foster care's inherent problems are compounded not only by apartheid but also by the political unrest in the country. This article offers a profile of Sowetan foster families and the problems they face.