Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PECTORALIS MUSCLES”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,153 records · Page 64Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The vascular anatomy of the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap.

The vascular anatomy of the pectoralis major muscle and overlying skin and subcutaneous tissue was investigated in seventeen cadaver specimens by cannulation of the arterial supply and injection of contrast medium. A rich anastomosis between the internal mammary artery and the pectoral branch of the thoraco-acromial artery and between the pectoral branch and the lateral thoracic artery was demonstrated. In 36% of cases a major axial cutaneous vessel, originating close to the thoraco-acromial artery, was shown to extend caudad. The lateral thoracic artery, in addition to the pectoral branch, contributed significantly to the vascularity of the pectoralis major muscle and was the main blood supply to the female breast. The skin overlying the muscle was abundantly supplied from the muscle vasculature. Both the major arteries were enclosed within the muscle's fascial envelope. A technique for developing a standard pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap is described. Our studies show that a hemichest flap incorporating all the skin of the chest over the muscle is feasible.

Arteries↗
PubMed2004

Morphological study of the uncommon rectus sterni muscle in German cadavers.

OBJECTIVE: The present investigation has been designed to study the incidence of the rectus stern muscle in German human cadavers dissected in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, trying to find a postulation for the development of such muscle when present. DESIGN: Gross dissection of 130 cadavers, of both sexes, was performed throughout a period of 10 years. SETTING: Department of Anatomy College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. INTERVENTION: Investigation of the origin and insertion of the rectus sterni and measurements of its length and width. RESULTS: Two adult cadavers, one of each sex, had shown well-developed bilateral rectus stern muscles. All muscles identified were parasternal in position, being superficial to the medial portion of the pectoralis major muscle. Minor morphological differences were observed among the four muscle masses concerning their length, breadth, origin and insertion. CONCLUSION: The current study has determined the incidence of the rectus sterni muscle, in German cadavers to be 1.54% per bodies examined compared to 4% in cadavers from Saudis. Such a frequency is compared to that reported in different geographic populations. The rectus sterni muscle is innervated by the anterior cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves. The description of the rectus sterni muscle and its incidence determined in the present study, might be of a great help for clinicians radiographing or tackling the pectoral region.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Muscle and myocutaneous flaps in reconstructive surgery of thoracic defects.

Reconstructive surgery of thoracic defects presents a challenge for the surgeon. With defects of different aetiology and the need for precise localisation of the area to be treated, a broad range of experience is required. We present our interdisciplinary experience in dealing with full thickness thoracic wall defects and intrathoracic cavities. The latissimus dorsi muscle as well as the pectoralis major muscle and their covering skin are the most commonly used flaps in covering an intrathoracic or extrathoracic defect. They have the advantage of being easily and safely dissected. Other flaps such as the greater omentum, serratus anterior, the transverse rectus abodominal muscle (TRAM), and the filet of the arm are less frequently used. Indications and applications of these flaps are reviewed. Our interdisciplinary surgical treatment of thoracic wall defects allows optimal operative excision and reconstruction as well as giving best functional and aesthetic results for the patients.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1986

Many isoforms of fast muscle troponin T from chicken legs.

Troponin T from fast muscle of chicken legs was found to be composed of about 40 kinds of isoforms by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in conjunction with immunoblotting tests with an antiserum to chicken breast muscle troponin T. Almost all of the isoforms were found in the myofibril preparation and troponin preparation from the leg muscle, and they showed complex-forming ability with troponin I and troponin C. These isoforms existed in most of the fast muscle except pectoralis and posterior latissimus dorsi muscles, and they changed in composition during development. The breast muscle troponin T also showed different types of isoforms in the period soon after hatching. Since proteolysis was completely inhibited during two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and since the many isoforms were observed consistently in various muscles of chicken leg, they are most probably products of mRNAs generated by differential gene splicing.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Reconstruction of a circular defect of the hypopharynx and cervical part of esophagus by a free jejunal flap (case report).

Patients with impaired continuity of the upper gastrointestinal tract are dependent on gastrostomy or jejunostomy tube feeds, which significantly reduce their quality of life. Reconstruction of the hypopharynx and esophagus is desirable in cases of congenital deformities, corrosive injuries, or defects after tumor resections. Free flap allows for easier reconstruction of head and neck defects. In this article, the authors present a case of complete hypopharynx closure in an oncology patient with a larynx carcinoma. The patient is a 60-year-old male diagnosed in 2002 with epidermoid carcinoma of larynx. The patient underwent laser resection of the tumor followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. In 2003 the patient underwent pharyngo - laryngectomy for relapse of the larynx carcinoma. Postoperatively the patient developed pharyngo - cutaneous fistula, which was reconstructed at the otorhinolaryngology department by a muscle - cutaneous flap from the pectoralis major muscle. During the course of healing the patient developed complete hypopharynx and cervical esophagus closure. Free flap of jejunum was recommended. The surgery team used a 10 cm long section of jejunum; the recipient blood vessels were arteria transversa colli and internal jugular vein. On the second day after the surgery patient developed salivary fistula in the wound. The fistula healed spontaneously in five weeks. Pharyngoscopy revealed that the transplanted jejunum was fully vital. Free flap of the jejunum allowed for upper gastrointestinal tract reconstruction and allowed the patient to restart peroral intake.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1972

Ultrastructure of muscular dystrophy. II. A comparative study in lambs and chickens.

The ultrastructure of the semitendonosus muscle of lambs and the pectoralis major muscles of chickens suffering from nutritional muscular dystrophy were studied. Samples of tissue from histologically normal and mildly degenerate areas were examined. Ultrastructural examination of areas that appeared apparently normal histologically, revealed lesions in the small vessels, connective tissue elements and neuromuscular elements. The possible relationship of these findings to the etiology of this disease are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The surgical reconstruction of the chest wall using muscle flaps in patients with mediastinitis following heart operations].

An assessment is made of the results of plastic closure of the chest in cases presenting mediastinitis. The analysis covers nineteen patients with a history of mediastinitis following open-heart surgery, treated by the same method of plastic reconstruction of the chest. The technique of plastic closure of the chest using a rotation muscle flap (pectoralis and right rectus abdominis muscles) is described.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1991

Transfer of upper pectoralis major flap for functional reconstruction of deltoid muscle.

Since January 1984, functional reconstruction of the deltoid muscle using transfer of the upper part of the pectoralis major muscle has been performed in 7 patients with deltoid dysfunction. 5-20 months follow-up (average 11) revealed marked improvement in 6 patients. During the operation, the superior and inferior parts of the pectoralis major muscle were bluntly dissected and sectioned. The upper part of this muscle was turned over and transferred to the site normally occupied by the deltoid muscle. The transposed muscle contributed to both abduction and flexion of the shoulder. The efficacy of abduction was reinforced by the increased arm of action.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Influences of chemically-induced muscle pain on power output of ballistic upper limb movements.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the conditioning effects of localised acute muscle pain on power output during ipsi- and contra-lateral ballistic arm extensions. METHODS: Eight male subjects performed right arm (ipsilateral) and left arm (contra-lateral) bench press movements. The power output (and force and velocity) of the concentric phase of movement was measured before and during muscle pain induced by a standardised intramuscular injection of levo-ascorbic acid in the right pectoralis major muscle (prime mover muscle) and in the lateral head of the right triceps brachii muscle (synergist). RESULTS: The power output of ipsi- and contra-lateral arm bench press movements was significantly decreased during pain of the right pectoralis major muscle, but not during pain of the right lateral triceps muscle. The velocity and force were both affected and contributed to the decrease in power output. CONCLUSIONS: Acute muscle pain of a prime mover muscle reduces ipsi- and contra-lateral motor performance of ballistic upper limb extension. This is not a generalised or non-specific inhibitory effect on the motor system, since pain failed to modify motor performance when applied to a synergist, non-prime mover, muscle. A basically bilateral executive cortical plan for ballistic upper limb extension could explain the conditioning effect of muscle pain on both ipsi- and contra-lateral arm. SIGNIFICANCE: The results presented here contributes to the understanding of the conditioning effects of muscle pain on movement performance.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[A treatment of intractable sternal osteomyelitis--significant use of pedicle muscular flaps].

In recent years, the greater omentum of pedicle muscular flap has been used to treat chest wall infection and Sternal Osteomyelitis following cardiac or respiratory surgery. In Japan, however, there has been an increasing number of cases in which neither the greater omentum Nor the rectus muscle can be used due to the comparatively young age of the patient. There are also many cases undergoing abdominal surgery for malignant tumor and bypass surgery of the coronary artery in which the internal thoracic artery (ITA) and gastroepiploic artery (GEA) are used. We studied three such cases; a case of coronary aortic bypass graft (CABG) where ITA from both the right and left sides were used following stomach resection; a case in which CABG and gallbladder resection were carried out simultaneously; and a case of sternal osteomyelitis is years following surgery for ventricular septal defect. All three cases had undergone reconstructive surgery using the pectoralis major muscle or a pedicle muscular flap from the latissimus dorsi muscle. It is estimated that cases of CABG using both the right and left sides of ITA and GEA, cases of the elderly as well as cases of children will continue to increase. Consequently, cases of sternal osteomyelitis in which neither the omentum nor rectus muscle can be used will also increase. Therefore, it is considered that treatment using pedicle muscular flaps from the breast or dorsal area may be very effective. Herein, we report on the choice of treatment and its results.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Subpectoral gliding tissue flap.

By cadaver dissection, the anatomy of the connective tissue between the pectoralis major and the pectoralis minor muscle was studied. The possibility of creating a pedicled flap of gliding tissue based on the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery was confirmed. The clinical relevance of this tissue was defined in nine patients. To avoid recurrent fibrosis after neurolysis of the structures of the brachial plexus in patients with recurrent pain syndromes, the envelopment of the neurolyzed nerves by a subpectoral gliding tissue flap was carried out and was successful in eight cases. After the transposition of the subpectoral gliding tissue flap, the remaining pectoralis major muscle showed only a small partial atrophy in the clavicular segment without any functional impairment; this was confirmed by physical examination and by electromyogram.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

The influence of differences in dietary amino acids during the early growing period on growth and development of Nicholas and British United Turkey toms.

From 0 to 4, 4 to 8, and 8 to 12 wk of age, Nicholas (NIC) and British United Turkeys (BUT) toms were fed one of two series of experimental diets. All toms were fed the same diet, appropriately adjusted for age period, from 12 to 16 and 16 to 24 wk. The first series was formulated to 1984 NRC specifications whereas the second series contained higher concentrations of lysine and total sulfur amino acids (NRC+). The NIC toms were heavier (P < or = .05) at 4, 8, 12, and 16 wk, but there were no strain differences at 20 wk. The NRC+ diets significantly increased BW in both strains at 12 wk, but there were no diet effects at 16 or 20 wk. At 12 wk, BUT toms had significantly more carcass protein and less carcass lipid compared with NIC toms, but there were no significant dietary effects on these variables. In both strains, the NRC+ diets significantly increased the relative weight of the eviscerated carcass and both the absolute and relative weights of the Pectoralis major muscles at 12 wk. At 20 wk, the absolute and relative weight of the Pectoralis minor muscles was significantly heavier in BUT toms and in toms fed the NRC+ diets. The tibia and femur were longer in BUT toms compared with NIC toms. From 1 to 24 wk, weekly BW from 50 toms per strain and treatment combination were used to calculate growth curve parameters according to the Gompertz equation. The slope of the growth curve was significantly less in BUT toms, but the BW and age at the point of infection were increased compared with NIC toms. There were no significant diet effects on any growth curve parameters.

Amino Acids↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pectoralis major transfer for winging of the scapula.

From November 1988 to July 1992 eight patients with painful, chronic, disabling winging of the scapula caused by isolated serratus anterior paralysis had pectoralis major muscle transfer extended by a fascia lata graft. Six men and two women were treated. Duration of symptoms ranged from 12 to 35 months. Seven patients had a positive result on electromyography. In addition, four patients had multidirectional instability of the shoulder on the side of the winging. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 12 to 57 months (average 27.1 months). Excellent results were obtained in all patients. In addition, patients with associated multidirectional instability improved, and only one subsequently required additional shoulder surgery. The described method of coiling and suturing the donor graft is believed to account for the consistent results and absence of substantial complications. Pectoralis major muscle transfer extended by a fascia lata graft appears to be an excellent operation for correcting scapular winging.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The subpectoral pacemaker implant: it isn't what it seems!

The traditional pulse generator implantation site lies subcutaneous on the fascia of the pectoralis major muscle. This article describes a subpectoral pocket approach, which on anatomic investigation is actually "intrapectoral" and offers a much improved cosmetic result with the potential advantage of less erosion. In the authors' experience with over 1000 initial pacemaker implants and pulse generator replacements, the potential concerns of neurovascular and muscular damage have not been realized. There has been no pulse generator damage from the ribs, serious loculated hematomas, or unusual postoperative or chronic pain. From experience with pulse generator recalls, the replacement procedure has not been significantly more difficult than with the subcutaneous approach. The intrapectoral approach has now become the authors' routine in patients without significant adipose tissue overlying the pectoralis major muscle.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed2001

Extra-anatomic bypass graft for management of axillary artery occlusion in pitchers.

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to evaluate the long-term results of vein bypass grafts for axillary artery occlusion, specifically those placed extra-anatomically to prevent arterial injury in pitchers. METHODS: With the greater saphenous veins used as the selected conduit, arterial bypass grafts were routed anterior to the pectoralis minor muscle in four baseball pitchers who had occlusion of the axillary artery. We performed a follow-up in excess of 10 years with evaluations of the bypass grafts by ultrasonic duplex scan and magnetic resonance angiography. RESULTS: All four pitchers treated in this manner returned to the game and played for several seasons without a recurrence of the arterial injury. Long-term evaluation of the bypass grafts did not reveal any structural or functional disorder. CONCLUSIONS: Axillary artery occlusion in an athlete can be effectively treated with a vein bypass graft placed extra-anatomically, anterior to the pectoralis minor muscle. The greater saphenous vein should be considered the conduit of choice.

Adult↗